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0852 CFE 102 > Prelim | Morality and Ethics > Flashcards

Prelim | Morality and Ethics Flashcards

1
Q

science or study of God

A

theology

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2
Q

Etymology of “theology”

A

theos: god
logos: study/science

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3
Q

What is Theology as Science

A

In the sense that theology as a study of God is also a systematic body of knowledge

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4
Q

What is theology according to St. Anselm?

A

Faith seeking understanding

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5
Q

Through revelation, God makes himself known… as well as his plan of salvation.

A

Divine revelation

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6
Q

God’s revelation comes to us even through the most ordinary circumstance of our life

A

Divine revelation

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7
Q

God’s initiative

A

Revelation

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8
Q

Through revelation God establishes a —

A

relationship with humanity

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9
Q

Divine revelation can only be accepted by —

A

FAITH

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10
Q

What enables us to see God’s intervention even in human history?

A

FAITH

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11
Q

Through this, we learn of a God who is active in human affairs. Not a God who watches from a distance.

A

Theology

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12
Q

THEOLOGY IS: The study of God and his (1) and (2), studied through the use of (3) illumined by (4)

A
  1. relationship with man
  2. the world
  3. reason
  4. faith
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13
Q

Greek word meaning a characteristic way of doing things, or a body of customs.

A

ethos

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14
Q

Study of human customs or ways of doing things

A

Ethics

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15
Q

It is the science of the morality of human acts.

A

Ethics

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16
Q

It is a systematic body of knowledge meant to guide men in their pursuit of the good and happy life

A

Ethics

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17
Q

Ethics is therefore a (1); it is not a speculative science that merely (2). Ethics is meant to be (3), i.e., it teaches how men ought to live.

A
  1. practical science
  2. theorizes
  3. applied
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18
Q

Two common meanings of “ethics”

A

1) How people actually live (descriptive ethics)
2) Reflection, discourse, and study concerning how people ought to live (normative ethics)

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19
Q

Divisions of ethics

A

General Ethics
Special Ethics

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20
Q

Concerns the individual and what he ought to do to live a happy and fruitful life in this world

A

General Ethics

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21
Q

Concerns the individual as a member of society. All problems concerning society and the social order are taken up.

A

Special Ethics

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22
Q

Ethics presupposes some imperatives or —, “those with which” Ethics would not be possible.

A

sine qua non

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23
Q

Imperatives of Ethics

A
  1. the existence of God or a Supreme Being
  2. the existence of human freedom
  3. the existence of an afterlife, i.e., life beyond the grave, or the immortality of the soul
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24
Q

The quality of goodness or badness of human acts.

A

Morality

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25
Q

The rightness or wrongness of human acts as they conform or do not conform to standards.

A

Morality

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26
Q

Those that are done with full knowledge and full willingness or deliberation.

A

Human acts

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27
Q

Acts that are done without full knowledge or full willingness or deliberation or both

A

Acts of man

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28
Q

Must conform to a standard to determine whether they are good or bad, right or wrong, moral or immoral

A

Human acts

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29
Q

What is morality sometimes called as ?

A

Morals

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30
Q

Theory of Right Action

A

Ethics

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31
Q

Systematic study of the underlying principles of
morality

A

Ethics

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32
Q

Morality is — in nature, it tells us what we ought to do

A

prescriptive

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33
Q

Exhort us to follow the
right way

A

Morality

34
Q

Ethics and morality are both sciences of (1) and provides a system of (2) and the reasons why these principles are valid

A
  1. morals
  2. moral principles
35
Q

Rules provided by an external source, e.g., codes of conduct in workplaces or principles in religions.

A

Ethics

36
Q

Individual’s own principles regarding right and wrong.

A

Morality

37
Q

Both ethics and morality refer to

A

➢ social phenomena
➢ patterns of conduct
➢ use/exercise of human freedom (contingent matters)

38
Q

Our lived experience of human freedom

A

Morality

39
Q

Trying to use our freedom to live well or of discovering what is worth living for and trying to live accordingly

A

Morality

40
Q

Critical reflection on morality

A

Ethics

41
Q

Stepping back to examine, analyze, and organize it in order to enhance morality

A

Ethics

42
Q

It looks for consistency, logic, order, coherence, conflicts, etc.

A

Ethics

43
Q

Realization of human potential/ capacities

A

Ethics

44
Q

Seeks to relate the Christian to the complex realities of living in the world. It is Interested on the implications of the Christian faith.

A

Moral Theology

45
Q

Interiority of the person get expressed in behavior

A

Ethics of Doing

46
Q

Right actions come from a good person

A

Ethics of Doing

47
Q

Attends not only to the duties and obligations of the person acting but also to the circumstances which make up the moral situation

A

Ethics of Doing

48
Q

Ethics of Doing asks what question?

A

What sort of action should I perform because I believe in Christ?

49
Q

Interiority of the person.

A

Ethics of Being

50
Q

Actions are always expression of a person

A

Ethics of Being

51
Q

It pays attention to what is happening to the person performing actions rather than on the actions the person performs

A

Ethics of Being

52
Q

Ethics of Being asks what question?

A

What sort of person should I become because I believe in Christ?

53
Q

Ethics of Doing vs Ethics of Being (in terms of their focus)

A

Ethics of Doing: Action
Ethics of Being: Character

54
Q

POPULAR NOTIONS OF MORALITY

A
  1. DEONTOLOGICAL ETHICS or ETHICS OF DUTY
  2. UTILITARIANISM
  3. ALTRUISM
  4. INTRINSICISM
  5. SUBJECTIVISM
  6. PACIFISM
  7. HUMANISM
  8. ANARCHISM
  9. EXISTENTIALISM
  10. EUDAIMONISM
  11. PRAGMATISM
  12. COLLECTIVISM
  13. HEDONISM
55
Q

The theory of duty or moral obligation. What one is compelled to do by reason of duty.

A

DEONTOLOGICAL ETHICS or ETHICS OF DUTY

56
Q

Deontology is most closely associated with what German philosopher?

A

Immanuel Kant

57
Q

Deontological theories of ethics focus on what aspects?

A

(1) the rights of all individuals and
(2) the intentions of the person(s) performing an action.

58
Q

To the —, each person must be treated with the same level of respect and no one should be treated as a means to an end.

A

deontologist

59
Q

Proposes that the principles of ethics are permanent and unchanging—and that adherence to these principles is at the heart of ethical behavior.

A

Deontology

60
Q

Many deontologists believe that the rights of individuals are grounded in —

A

natural law

61
Q

Characteristics of DEONTOLOGICAL ETHICS or ETHICS OF DUTY

A
  1. Universal
  2. Categorical
  3. Absolute unqualified without condition
62
Q

The ethical doctrine which believes that the moral worth of an action is solely determined by its contribution to overall utility

A

UTILITARIANISM

63
Q

Overall amount of good, that might be produced by an action or a
decision.

A

Utility

64
Q

Philosopher associated with Utilitarianism

A

John Stuart Mill

65
Q

A code of ethics which holds the welfare of others as the standard of “good” and self-sacrifice as the only moral action

A

ALTRUISM

66
Q

Its unstated premise is that all relationships among men involve sacrifice

A

ALTRUISM

67
Q

This leaves one with the choice: maliciously exploiting the other person or being “moral” and offering oneself up as the sacrificial victim

A

ALTRUISM

68
Q

Feelings and behavior that show a desire to help other people and a lack of selfishness

A

ALTRUISM

69
Q

The belief that VALUE is a non-relational characteristic of an object. This means that an object can be valuable or not, good or bad, without reference to who it is good or bad for, and without reference to the reason it is good or bad

A

INTRINSICISM

70
Q

The belief that values are whatever we choose to pursue and whatever we desire. It means there is no such thing as good or evil, except what you think is good or evil. If you believe something is evil, that’s just your own personal preference. It is not, and cannot be, a statement about reality

A

SUBJECTIVISM

71
Q

Moral principle which advocates that the use of force is wrong for any reason. This applies to both the initiation of force, as well as defensive or retaliatory force. If your life is being threatened, it holds that you should not defend yourself. If someone has stolen from you, it holds that you should not retrieve your property. If someone has murdered other people, it holds that nothing should be done about it

A

PACIFISM

72
Q

Expresses renewed confidence in the power of man to respond positively to his own problems and so discover new things for himself. It entails a commitment to the search for truth and morality through human means in support of human interests.

A

HUMANISM

73
Q

Expresses man’s freedom to express himself without repression of any kind. It is centered on rejection of any form of compulsory government and supporting its elimination

A

ANARCHISM

74
Q

According to anarchism, this is the highest attainment of humanity.

A

Freedom

75
Q

The term “anarchism” is derived from the Geek word αναρχια — “without (1)” or “without (2)”

A
  1. archons
  2. rulers
76
Q

Philosophical movement which posits that individuals create the meaning and essence of their lives. It generally postulates the absence of a transcendent force. This means that the individual is entirely free, and, therefore, ultimately responsible. It is up to humans to create an ethos of personal responsibility for themselves, outside of any branded belief system.

A

EXISTENTIALISM

77
Q

According to Soren Kierkegaard, the highest attainment of man is to find his own —

A

unique vocation

78
Q

EUDAIMONISM comes from the Greek word eudaimonia which means —

A

happiness

79
Q

Refers to any conception of ethics that puts human happiness and the complete life of the individual at the center of ethical concern.

A

EUDAIMONISM

80
Q

The meaning of concepts is to be sought in their practical bearings the function of thought is to guide action truth is preeminently to be tested by the practical consequences of belief.

A

PRAGMATISM

81
Q

The concept of value requires a purpose and a beneficiary

A

COLLECTIVISM

82
Q

A school of thought that argues that pleasure is the primary or most important intrinsic good. People within this strives to maximize net pleasure (pleasure minus pain)

A

HEDONISM

0852 CFE 102 (3 decks)

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