PRELIM LAB MICROSCOPY

Question 1

● Instrument for viewing objects that are too small to be seen by the naked/unaided eye
● Greek micron = small; scopos = aim

Answer 1

MICROSCOPE

Question 2

● The SCIENCE OF INVESTIGATING SMALL OBJECTS using such an instrument

Answer 2

MICROSCOPY

Question 3

● 1590 - 1st microscope was probably constructed by

Answer 3

Zacharias Jansen

Question 4

Separated objective, eyepiece and source of light

Answer 4

1665 - Robert Hook’s microscope

Question 5

invented simple microscope

Answer 5

1676 - Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

Question 6

initiated the mass production of
microscopes

Answer 6

1847 - Carl Zeiss

Question 7

1st electron microscope was constructed

Answer 7

1933

Question 8

○ Degree of enlargement
○ No. of times the length, diameter, of an object is multiplied

Answer 8

MAGNIFICATION

Question 9

○ Ability to reveal closely adjacent structural details as separate and distinct
○ A measure of the clarity and level of detail in the image

Answer 9

RESOLUTION

Question 10

○ Lenses can be interchanged with minimal adjustment of focus
○ Similar focal points in the same plane
○ Most microscopes are designed to be
parfocal

Answer 10

PARFOCALITY

Question 11

○ Objects appear dark against a light
background
○ Routinely used in the clinical laboratory

Answer 11

BRIGHT - FIELD MICROSCOPE

Question 12

○ Objects appear bright against a dark
background
○ Replaces the condenser with a condenser that contains opaque disk
○ For Treponema pallidum

Answer 12

DARK - FIELD MICROSCOPE

Question 13

○ For low refractive index
○ Allows visualization of transparent/unstained specimen

Answer 13

PHASE CONTRAST MICROSCOPE

Question 14

○ Has a changed order of optical parts & source of light
■ Optics is under slide and light source is above

Answer 14

INVERTED MICROSCOPE

Question 15

○ Allows visualization of naturally fluorescent microorganism or those stained by a fluorescent dye including labeled antigens & antibodies

Answer 15

FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPE

Question 16

○ Creates high-contrast, high-resolution
images, particularly in thick specimens
○ A laser light source is typically used to
illuminate the specimen

Answer 16

CONFOCAL MICROSCOPE

Question 17

○ Optical parts contains special NICOL
PRISMS to generate a beam of polarized light -> observation of structures (chitin, cellular fibers, crystalline cell inclusions
○ Birefringent images appear bright/colored against a black background

Answer 17

POLARIZED MICROSCOPE

Question 18

○ Uses electron beams allowing much higher resolution & the ability to visualize smaller structures
○ Transmission EM: 2D image
○ Scanning EM: 3D image

Answer 18

ELECTRON MICROSCOPE

Question 19

LIGHTING PARTS

Answer 19

○ Light Source
○ Condenser
○ Diaphragm

Question 20

MECHANICAL PARTS

Answer 20

○ Arm
○ Base
○ Nosepiece
○ Stage
○ Coarse & Fine adjustment knobs

Question 21

OPERATION IN THE MICROSCOPE VIEW

Answer 21

• QUADRANTS
• CONCENTRIC CIRCLES
• ACCORDING TO CLOCK FACE

Question 22

circle, pericentric, & peripheral circle

Answer 22

CONCENTRIC CIRCLES

Question 23

• optical field is divided clockwise into 4
  quadrants

Answer 23

QUADRANTS

Question 24

TYPES OF SLIDE PREPARATIONS:
- a new clean slide is slightly pressed on the surface of the examined tissue & attached cell are observed (cells of liver/brain)

Answer 24

Impression preparations

Question 25

a small drop of suspension containing cells is placed near an end of a slide & is spread across the slide by the edge of another slide (blood smear)

Answer 25

SMEAR

Question 26

containing cell suspensions/processed histology tissue covered by cover slip

Answer 26

COVERED SLIDES