Prelim IC LEC 2 Flashcards
Characteristics of Computer
(Advantages)
- High Speed
- Accuracy
- Storage Capability
- Diligence
- Versatility
- Reliability
- Automation
- Reduction in Paper Work
- Reduction in Cost
• Computer is a very —- device.
• It is capable of performing calculation of very large amount of data.
• The computer has units of speed in microsecond, nanosecond, and even the picosecond.
• It can perform millions of calculations in a few seconds as compared to man who will spend many months for doing the same task.
High Speed
• In addition to being very fast, computers are very accurate.
• The calculations are 100% error free.
• Computers perform all jobs with 100% accuracy provided that correct input has been given.
Accuracy
• Memory is a very important characteristic of computers.
• A computer has much more storage capacity than human beings.
• It can store large amount of data.
• It can store any type of data such as images, videos, text, audio and many others.
Storage Capability
Unlike human beings, a computer is free from monotony, tiredness and lack of
concentration.
• It can work continuously without any error and boredom.
• It can do repeated work with same speed and accuracy
Diligence
• A computer is a very versatile machine.
• A computer is very flexible in performing the jobs to be done.
• This machine can be used to solve the problems related to various fields.
• At one instance, it may be solving a complex scientific problem and the very next
moment it may be playing a card game.
Versatility
• A computer is a reliable machine.
• Modern electronic components have long lives.
• Computers are designed to make maintenance easy.
Reliability
• Computer is an —– machine.
• ________ means ability to perform the given task automatically.
• Once a program is given to computer i.e., stored in computer memory, the program and instruction can control the program execution without human interaction.
Automation
• The use of computers for data processing in an organization leads to reduction in
paper work and results in speeding up a process.
• As data in electronic files can be retrieved as and when required, the problem of
maintenance of large number of paper files gets reduced.
Reduction in Paper Work
• Though the initial investment for installing a computer is high but it substantially
reduces the cost of each of its transaction.
Reduction in Cost
Characteristics of a computer (Disadvantages)
- No I.Q.
- Dependency
- Environment
- No Feeling
• A computer is a machine that has no intelligence to perform any task.
• Each instruction has to be given to computer.
• A computer cannot take any decision on its own.
No I.Q.
• It functions as per a user’s instruction, so it is fully dependent on human being
Dependency
• The operating environment of computer should be dust free and suitable.
Environment
• Computers have no feelings or emotions.
• It cannot make judgment based on feeling, taste, experience, and knowledge unlike a human being.
No Feeling
(1)_______ _____ and (2)______ _______ define a computer-based information system (CBIS) as a
“single set of hardware, software, databases, telecommunications, people, and procedures configured to collect, manipulate, store, and
process data into information.”
- Ralph Stair
- George Reynolds
Some experts list five basic elements of a CBIS:
1. __________,
2. __________,
3. ______,
4. _______ and
5. ________.
Others add a sixth element; (6)_______,
- hardware,
- software,
- data,
- procedures
- people
- Communications
• Computer ______ (HW)
• any physical component of a computer system that contains a circuit board, ICs, or other electronics.
• Is tangible part of the Computer System.
Hardware
Two categories of Hardware (HW) :
Internal HW
External HW
hardware that is found inside your computer.
Internal HW
hardware that is found outside of your computer.
External HW
External HW
- Flat-panel, Monitor, and LCD
- Gamepad
- Joystick
- Keyboard
- Microphone
- Mouse
- Printer
- Projector
- Scanner
- Speakers
- USB thumb drive
Internal HW
- Processor (CPU)
- Drive (e.g., Blu-ray, CD-ROM, DVD, floppy drive, hard drive, and SSD)
- Fan (heat sink)
- Modem
- Motherboard
- Network card
- RAM
- Sound card
- Video card
______, the second element of a CBIS, is what tells the hardware how to function. It gathers, organizes and manipulates data and carries out instructions. Everything you do using a computer is done by the ______.
Software
Common Misconceptions:
- Abacus
- CPU vs System Unit
- LED vs LCD
- Memory vs Storage
- Smartphone vs Computers
- USB Flash Drive
• The abacus (plural (1)_____ or (2)_____, also called a counting frame, is a calculating tool that was in use in (3)______, (4)_____ and (5)_______, centuries before the adoption of the written (6)_____- _____ ______ _____.
• The first reported and substantiated use of an abacus, or abacus-like instrument was in (7)______ between (8)_______ and (9)_______ or roughly (10)______ years ago.
- Abaci
- Abacuses
- Europe
- China
- Russia
- Hindu-Arabic numeral system
- Sumeria
- 2, 700
- 2, 300 BCE
- 4, 700
(1) ________________
(c. (2)____ ___)
• (1)________ __________ _______) is the (3)_______ surviving counting board.
• The (4)______ is made of marble (5)______________ and was used by the (6)________ circa (2)_______
Photo from the National Museum of (8)_______, _______.
- The Salamis Tablet
- 300 B.C.E
- Oldest
- Tablet
- (146x57x5cm)
- Babylonians
- 300 B.C.E
- Epigraphy, Athens
