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ULTRASOUND > PRELIM EXAM (All TOPICS) > Flashcards

PRELIM EXAM (All TOPICS) Flashcards

1
Q

Italian Biologist, Priest and Professor
(1729-1799)

A

LAZZARD SPALANZANI

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2
Q

FATHER OF ULTRASOUND

A

LAZZARD SPALANZANI

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3
Q

“He researched bats and found that they rely on sound, rather than sight, for navigation.”

A

LAZZARD SPALANZANI

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4
Q

LAZZARD SPALANZANI

A

Echolocation

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5
Q

They first demonstrated Piezoelectricity.

A

PIERRE AND JACQUES CURIE

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6
Q

Ability to create __________ ______ with the discovery of Piezoelectricity

A

Ultrasound waves

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7
Q

Piezoelectricity effect:
Soundwaves striking a piezoelectricity material, automatically produces an ________ ______

A

Electric signal

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8
Q

Piezoelectricity Effect:
“The HARDER you push, the _________ the __________”

A

The harder you push, the bigger the voltage.

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9
Q

Piezoelectric comes from a greek word “_____”

A

PIEZEIN

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10
Q

GREEK TERM OF PIEZO

A

PUSH

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11
Q

Greek word ‘piezein’ means

A

TO PRESS / TO SQUEEZE

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12
Q

Greek word ‘piezein’ means

A

TO PRESS / TO SQUEEZE

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13
Q

Echolocation

A

Lazzard Spalanzani

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14
Q

Austrian Physicist

A

Christian Johann Doppler

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15
Q

He investigates the phenomenon in which the pitch of a sound varies when the source of the sound is in motion.

A

Christian Johann Doppler

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16
Q

Christian Johann Doppler is known for his principle which is the :

A

THE DOPPLER EFFECT

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17
Q

Principle:
The frequency of source is due to the relative motion between the SOURCE and OBSERVER

A

THE DOPPLER EFFECT

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18
Q

Who invented the first TRANSDUCER?

A

PAUL LANGEVIN

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19
Q

Paul Langevin invented the _____ _________ to detect submarine and iceberg during WWI

A

First Transducer

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20
Q

The sinking of TITANIC (1912) inspires him and Constantin Chilowsky to invent ________ __________ (__________) to detect icebergs

A

Ultrasound Machine (HYDROPHONE)

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21
Q

NEUROLOGIST

A

Karl Dussik

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22
Q

He was the pioneer in using ultrasound for medical diagnosis.

A

Karl Dussik

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23
Q

Tried to outline the ventricles of the brain using ______________, a principle similar to x-ray
imaging.

A

echo-transmission

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24
Q

He Tried to outline the ventricles of the brain using echo- transmission, a principle similar to x-ray
imaging.

A

Karl Dussik

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25
Q

Swedish Cardiologist

A

Dr. Inge Edler

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26
Q

Who is the father of Echocardiography?

A

DR. INGE EDLER

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27
Q

List the Importance of Ultrasound in Diagnosis of Diseases

A

• To view the uterus and ovaries during pregnancy
• Diagnose gallbladder disease
• Evaluate blood flow
• Guide a needle for biopsy or tumor treatment
• Examine a breast lump
• Check the thyroid gland
• Find genital and prostate problems
• Assess joint inflammation (synovitis)
• Evaluate metabolic bone disease

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28
Q

Advantages of Diagnostic Ultrasound

A

• NONINVASIVE
• LESS RISK
• WIDELY ACCESSIBLE
• VERSATILE IMAGING

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29
Q

Limitations of Diagnostic Ultrasound

A

• Soundwaves dont travel well through air or bone
• Body habitus
• Ultrasound may also be unable to see the objects located very deep in the human body

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30
Q

It describes the possible harmful effects that the imaging technique may have on human tissue.

A

Biological Effects of Ultrasound

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31
Q

What are the two biological effects of Ultrasound?

A

• Thermal
• Mechanical

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32
Q

____________ has a remarkable record for patient safety with no significant adverse bio effects reported in the literature

A

ULTRASOUND

33
Q

Ultrasound produces biological effects by two tissue interactions:

A

• HEATING
• CAVITATION

34
Q

It is caused by the mechanical friction of tissues moving as ultrasonic waves pass through them.

A

HEATING

35
Q

It involves the formation and collapse of tiny bubbles within the fluid between and inside cells.

A

CAVITATION

36
Q

It leads to mechanical damage and can also produce free radicals and other chemicals that may harm cell DNA.

A

ULTRASONIC CAVITATION

37
Q

Due to the law of the conservation of energy, all of the sound energy attenuated by tissues must be converted to other forms of energy. The majority of this is turned into heat.

A

THERMAL EFFECTS

38
Q

It states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed - only converted from one form of energy to another.

A

The Law of the Conservation of Energy

39
Q

It refers to damage caused by the actual oscillation of the sound wave on tissue.

A

MECHANICAL EFFECTS

40
Q

WHAT ARE THE PARAMETERS OF SOUNDWAVES

A

• Power
• Period
• Amplitude
• Frequency
• Intensity
• Wavelength
• Speed / Velocity

41
Q

The capacity of a material to produce an electric charge when subjected to mechanical stress.

A

Piezoelectric Effects

42
Q

What is the unit of frequency?

A

Hertz (Hz)

43
Q

Measurement of speed?

A

Meter per second (m/s)

44
Q

It is determined by the density and stiffness of the tissue, rather than by characteristics of the sound waves themselves

A

Velocity

45
Q

Number of cycles of an acoustic variable that occur in one second

A

Frequency

46
Q

1 Hertz (Hz) is equal to……

A

1 cycle

47
Q

The difference between the average value and maximum value of an acoustic variable. (Pa, mm, cm, or g/cm3)

A

Amplitude

48
Q

Height of the waves

A

Amplitude

49
Q

What are the units of Amplitude?

A

Pa, mm, cm, g/cm3, dB

50
Q

The rate of energy transfer

A

Power

51
Q

Power ______ as sound propagates through the body

A

decreases

52
Q

The time required to complete a single cycle

A

Period

53
Q

what ate the units of Period?

A

s, ms, μs

54
Q

The distance of a complete cycle

A

WAVELENGTH

55
Q

Short wavelength =

A

High frequency

56
Q

Low Frequency =

A

Long wavelength

57
Q

The power delivered over a specific area

A

Intensity

58
Q

Units of Intensity

A

watts/cm2 or milliwatts/cm2

59
Q

The rate at which waves pass through a medium.

A

Speed

60
Q

SOUNDWAVES SPEED FROM FASTEST TO SLOWEST

A

• Solid
• Liquid
• Gases

61
Q

It has a greater effect on the propagation speed of the wave than density

A

Stiffness

62
Q

Sitffness ⬆️ =

A

Speed ⬆️

63
Q

DENSITY ⬆️

A

SPEED ⬇️

64
Q

Propagation speed of Air

A

330 m/s

65
Q

Propagation speed of H20

A

1430 m/s

66
Q

PROPAGATION SPEED OF FAT

A

1450 m/s

67
Q

PROPAGATION SPEED OF SOFT TISSUE

A

1540 m/s

68
Q

PROPAGATION SPEED OF BLOOD

A

1570 m/s

69
Q

PROPAGATION SPEED OF MUSCLE

A

1585 m/s

70
Q

PROPAGATION SPEED OF BONE

A

4080 m/s

71
Q

What is in below 20Hz?

A

Earthquake (Infrasound)

72
Q

What Hz is Low Bass Notes (Accoustic) Human Hearing?

A

Above 20Hz

73
Q

What is in 200Hz?

A

Animal Hearing, Medical Therapy, Ultrasound

74
Q

What is in 2mHz

A

NDI and Medical Diagnostics

75
Q

200mHz:

A

Acoustic Microscopy

76
Q

Is audible sound can be heard by human?

A

Yes

77
Q

Is ultrasound can be heard by human?

A

No, the frequency is too high

78
Q

is infrasound can be heard by human?

A

no, the frequency is too low

ULTRASOUND (2 decks)

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