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CC1 - PRELIM > Prelim Exam > Flashcards

Prelim Exam Flashcards

1
Q

drug to treat breast cancer.

A

TAMOXIFEN

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2
Q

an opportunistic pathogenic yeast that is a common member of the human but flora.

A

Candida Albicans

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3
Q

test to determine heart attack or not.

A

TROP I

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4
Q

Muscle metabolism

A

Creatinine

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5
Q

Protein Metabolism

A

Urea

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6
Q

Purine metabolism

A

Urine

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7
Q

Heme metabolism

A

Bilirubin

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8
Q

other term for Point of Care Testing

A

near-patient testing, alternate testing, patient focused testing

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9
Q

Used in emergency department, operating suites, clinics, health maintenance organization (HMO), physicians, offices & nursing homes

A

Point-of-Care Testing (POCT)

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10
Q

Recently just happened / Emergency

A

Acute

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11
Q

Happening in the past 6 months

A

chronic

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12
Q

it will be known if the baby’s RBC is high.

A

CBC

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13
Q

have a result in less than a minute.

A

poct

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14
Q

test for glucose.

A

glucometer

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15
Q

“Specimens or samples are ___ while substances in them are _____.”

A

analyzed, measured

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16
Q

needed in order for the glucose to enter the red blood cells

A

insulin

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17
Q

a decrease of this substance will make water will start to leak because no one will hold the water and the cause of having Edema.

A

albumin

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18
Q

Take if you only have iron deficiency anemia (females)

A

iron

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19
Q

It should be low content or else it will lead to underneath your skin (Hemochromatosis)

A

iron

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20
Q

Muscle metabolism

A

creatinine

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21
Q

Can’t metabolize by the liver into urea. Thus, becoming

A

ammonia

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22
Q

It comes from the red blood cells

A

Bilirubin

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23
Q

Dead RBC go here and serves as a storage

A

spleen

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24
Q

Patients color becomes _____ when their bilirubin is high.

A

yellowish

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25
Q

yellow skin.

A

jaundice

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26
Q

Term used for yellow serum specimen.

A

Icterus

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27
Q

Heme ____ Globin _____ Iron _____

A

Bilirubin - Amino acid - Liver

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28
Q

undetectable when it is inside the RBC

A

eNZYME

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29
Q

RBC is detectabe due to ____ and ____.

A

cell rupture or cell injury

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30
Q

SGPT new term?

A

ALT

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31
Q

SGOT old term

A

AST

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32
Q

High HEPA =

A

HIgh AST/SGOT

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33
Q

CK1 - CKBB

A

Brain affected

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34
Q

CK2 - CKMM

A

mUSCULAR Injury

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35
Q

CK3 - CKBM

A

Muscle and Brain Injury (Heart attack)

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36
Q

Gold standard for knowing if the patient is having a heart attack.

A

TROP I

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37
Q

(+) kidney disease but (-) HA

A

TROP T

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38
Q

associated with Acute pancreatitis

A

AMS - Amylase

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39
Q

mg of sodium required in body

A

200mg

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40
Q

Alcoholic

A

GGT (Gamma Glutamyl Transferase)

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41
Q

High in GGT means

A

broken liver

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42
Q

Liver enzyme

A

ALP (Alkaline Phosphatase)

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43
Q

ALP sources (2)

A

Bone and Live r

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44
Q

used to Determine if the patient have prostate cancer

A

ACP (Acid Phospatase)

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45
Q

Seminal fluid has the highest ____ ?

A

ACP

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46
Q

– test used in rape cases.

A

PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen) under ACP

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47
Q

o Super active pineal gland (3rd eye)

A

ferritin

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48
Q

Too much paracetamol will attack your liver

A

acetaminophen

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49
Q

Very dangerous chemical when intake.

A

silver cleaner

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50
Q

involves a color change identify a chemical substance

A

colorimeteric

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51
Q

involves reduction or oxidation of a substance

A

redox

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52
Q

involves the formation of a compound using two molecules

A

condensation

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53
Q

utilizes enzymatic reactions to test for the ability

A

Degradative tests (Enzymatic)

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54
Q

ONE STEP (enzymes) under DEGRADATIVE TEST

A

one time only

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55
Q

ii. MULTI STEP (enzymes) under DEGRADATIVE TEST

A

Several times then get the average results

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56
Q

“ENZYMES is measured by _____, not ____

A

ACTIVITY - CONCENTRATION

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57
Q

mixture of different methods

A

MULTI METHOD

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58
Q

uses titration to identify an end product

A

TITRIMETRIC

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59
Q

involves relationship of potential differences and chemical reaction to identify a chemical change

A

ELECTROCHEMICAL

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60
Q

STAT meaning

A

short turn around time

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61
Q

Immediate; Urgent requests; Emergency

A

STAT

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62
Q

Usually less than 1 hour TAT

A

STAT

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63
Q

Electrolytes, CBC, Urinalysis, Uric Acid are under what lab request?

A

STAT

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64
Q

Important for clinical decisions and less than 2 hour TAT

A

Priority

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65
Q

Non urgent; standard or special tests
➢ Generally, 4-6 hours

A

routine

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66
Q
  • NPO (Non-Per Orem)
A

o Nothing by mouth

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67
Q

is RBS (Random Blood Sugar) need fasting?

A

No

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68
Q

Borosilicate glass with low alkali content
Resists heat, corrosion and thermal shock
Most common are Pyrex, Kimax and Exax

A
  1. High thermal resistant glass
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69
Q

Better able to resist clouding due to to alkali or scratching
Ideal for higher temperature thermometers, graduated
cylinders and centrifuge tubes.

A

corex

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70
Q

recommended for use in application involving high temperature and drastic heat shock and extreme chemical treatment with acids and dilute alkalies heatable to 900oC and withstand downshock from 900oC to ice water
➢ ideal for ashing and ignition techniques

A

vycor

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71
Q

ideal for high precision analytical work and can also be used for optical reflectors and mirrors

A

high silica glass

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72
Q
  • known as soft glass
A

glass with high resistance to alkali

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73
Q

amber or red-colored to reduce the amount of light passing through the substance within the glassware
* highly protective laboratory glassware for handling heatlabile substances in the 300-500nm range (bilirubin, carotene and vitamin A)

A

low actinic glass

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74
Q

soda-lime glass which is composed of a mixture of oxides of Si, Ca and Na

A

standard flint glass

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75
Q

easy to melt and shape thus used as reagent bottles and disposable laboratory glasswares

A

standard flint glass

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76
Q
  • Ideal for alkaline solutions and cryogenic experiments
A

plastic wares

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77
Q

Unique group of resins with relatively inert chemical properties and unaffected by acids

A

polyolefins

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78
Q

twice as strong as polypropylene (from –100oC to +160oC)
Chemical resistance is not as wide as the polyolefins
Ideal for centrifuge tubes and graduated cylinders

A
  1. Polycarbonate resin
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79
Q

Nontoxic, clear plastic of modified PVC (polyvinylchloride)
* Used extensively for the manufacture of ACA tubings
* Flexible and used to handle most chemicals

A

tygon

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80
Q
  • Almost chemically inert with high corrosion resistance at extreme temperatures
  • For cryogenic experiments and work at high temperatures over extended periods
    pure translucent white and inert
A

teflon fluorocarbon resins

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81
Q

Designed to deliver (TD) a fixed volume of liquid

A

Volumetric or Transfer Pipet

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82
Q

Calibration mark is etched around the upper suction tube

A

Volumetric or Transfer Pipet

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82
Q

Consists of a cylindrical bulb joined at both ends to narrower glass tubing

A

volumetric pipet

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82
Q

Used for accurate measurements of aliquots of non-viscous samples, filtrates, controls, and standard solutions

A

volumetric pipet

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83
Q

Used for measuring viscous fluids as blood or Serum

A

ostwald folin pipet

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84
Q

Has an etched ring near the mouthpiece (blowout pipet)

A

ostwald folin pipet

85
Q
  • Plain, narrow tube drawn out to a tip
  • Graduated uniformly along its length
A

Graduated or Measuring Pipets

86
Q

calibrated between two marks on the stem

A

mohr pipet

87
Q

has graduation marks down on the tip and blown out to deliver the entire volume of the pipet if etched ring or double rings are evident near the mouth of the pipet

A

serological pipet

88
Q

Not used for standard and sample

A

o Serological pipet

89
Q

Mostly used in the laboratory

A

Serological pipet

90
Q

Intended for the delivery of predetermined volumes

A

serological pipet

91
Q

have larger orifice than mohr pipet

A

serological pipet

92
Q

Principally used for the measurements of reagents and are not generally considered accurate enough for measuring viscous samples and standards

A

serological pipet

93
Q

Sahli

A

TC

94
Q

KIRK

A

TC

95
Q

LANG LEVY

A

TD/TC

96
Q

OVERFLOW

A

TC

97
Q

CAPILLARY

A

TC

98
Q

SANZ PIPET

A

TC=TD

99
Q

UNOPETTE

A

TC

100
Q

SEMIAUTOMATIC PIPET EPENDORF

A

TD/TC

101
Q

a compound associated with water

A

Hydrate

102
Q

when the water dissociates from the compound

A

Anhydrous

103
Q

term used for substances that take up water on exposure

A

Hygroscopic

104
Q

hygroscopic materials that remove moisture and keep other chemicals from being hydrated

A

Desiccants

105
Q

desiccants that absorb enough water from the atmosphere to cause dissolution

A

▪ Deliquescent substances –

106
Q

chemicals are of very high purity.

A

analytical reagent grade chemicals

107
Q

USED most analytical laboratory procedures

A

AR GRADE

108
Q

not injurious to humans and are used to produced drugs. They are not pure enough for use in most chemical procedures.

A

United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) and the National Formulary (NF) grade chemicals

109
Q

chemicals do not recommend for reagent preparations.

A

chemically pure (CP) or pure grade

110
Q

primarily used in manufacturing and should not be used in the clinical laboratory.

A

technical grade

111
Q

lowest quality and should not be used for analytical work. It is mostly used in homes.

A

technical grade

112
Q

It should be exact.

A

std glucose

113
Q

a chemical that is the highest purity and can be measured directly to produce a substance of exact known concentration.

A

primary stadard

114
Q

PS atleast _____% pure and working standards at ____% pure

A

99.98% - 99.95%

115
Q

atomic weight standards

A

grade a

116
Q

ultimate standards

A

grade b

117
Q

primary standards with >0.002% impurity

A

grade c

118
Q

working standards with >0.5% impurity

A

grade d

119
Q

secondary standards derived from using Grade C standards

A

grade e

120
Q

used as primary standard materials in the clinical laboratory. They are relatively expensive and should be used as a reference for the comparison of commercially obtained standards and reagents.

A

standard reference materials

121
Q

a substance of lower purity whose concentration is determined by comparison to a primary standard.

A

secondary standard

122
Q

water suitable for reagent and standard preparation. Most procedures use distilled water or deionized water.

A

Reagent grade water (RGW)

123
Q

excellent in removing particulate matter, microorganisms, and any pyrogens or endotoxins

A

ultrafiltration

124
Q

is purified to remove almost all organic materials.

A

distilled

125
Q

produced from distilled water using either an anion or cation exchange resin followed by replacement of the removed particles with hydroxyl or hydrogen ions respectively.

A

deionized water

126
Q

a process that uses pressure to force water through a semipermeable membrane. It does not remove dissolved gases. It may be used for pretreatment of water

A

reverse osmosis

127
Q

removes trace organic material or sterilization process at specific wavelengths

A

uv oxidation

128
Q

has accurate measurement. It is used for procedures that require maximum water purity

A

type I rgw

129
Q

used in most laboratory determination in chemistry, hematology, microbiology, immunology and other chemical laboratory areas.

A

type II rgw

130
Q

used in most qualitative measurement/examinations, most procedures in urinalysis, parasitology and histology, washing glasswares and procedures not requiring Type I or Type II water.

A

type iii rgw

131
Q

obtained by boiling Type II water.

A

co2 free water

132
Q

expressed as % solution, molarity, molality, or normality

A

analyte

133
Q

number of moles per L of solution

A

molarity

134
Q

number of moles per Kg of solution

A

molality

135
Q

equivalent weights per 1L of solution.

A

normality

136
Q

pressure exerted by the vapor when the liquid solvent is in equilibrium with the vapor

A

vapor pressure

137
Q

emperature at which crystal of solvent forms with the solution

A

Freezing point

138
Q

temperature at which the vapor of the solvent reaches atmospheric pressure

A

Boiling point –

139
Q

pressure that opposes osmosis when a solvent flows through a semipermeable membrane

A

Osmotic pressure

140
Q

Routine washing may be done by soaking in dilute bleach followed by drying in an oven, soaking in 20% nitric acid solution for _____ and soaking in acid-dichromate solution.

A

12-24 hrs

141
Q

For blood clots

A

10% NaOH.

142
Q

For new pipets,

A

soak in 5% HCI or 5% HNO3.

143
Q

metal ion determination,

A

soak in 20% nitric acid.

144
Q

For grease

A

soak in any organic solvent or 50% KOH.

145
Q

For permanganate stains

A

soak in 50% HCI or a mixture of 1% ferrous sulfate in 25% sulfuric acid.

146
Q

For bacteriologic glassware

A

2% to 4% cresol solution

147
Q

For iron determination

A

soak in 1:2 dilution of conc. HCI solution or 1:3 dilution of conc. HNO3.

148
Q

can cause burns

A

caustic

149
Q

also combustible, that is, can easily catch fire

A

Flammable

150
Q

harmful to mucous membranes, skin, eyes or tissues

A

corrosive

151
Q

can produce or incite cancer

A

carcinogen

152
Q

cause changes in RNA or DNA

A

mutagen

153
Q

cause birth defects

A

teratoen

154
Q

The speed of the centrifuge is checked using the

A

tachometer or strobe light.

155
Q

daily exposure to blood and body fluids.

A

category I

156
Q

regular exposure to blood and body fluids.

A

Category II

157
Q

no exposure to blood and body fluid

A

CATEGORY III

158
Q

designates flammability - RED

A

TOP

159
Q

indicates health hazard

A

LEFT - BLUE

160
Q

indicates reactivity-stability

A

RIGHT - YELLOW

161
Q

indicates special consideration

A

BOTTOM

162
Q

Special Considerations:

A
  • Water reactive
  • Oxidizing agent
  • Radioactive
  • Poison
163
Q

Records must be maintained for the length of employment plus

A

30 YEARS

164
Q

The exposure limit FOR RADIATON

A

5000 mrem/year whole body

165
Q

involves wiping laboratory surfaces with moistened absorbent material and the radiation contained in each wipe is counted.

A

WIPE TEST

166
Q

ordinary combustible solid materials such as paper, wood, plastic and rubber

A

CLASS A

167
Q

flammable liquids or gases and combustible petroleum products

A

CLASS B

168
Q

energized electrical equipment

A

CLASS C

169
Q

combustible/reactive metals like Mg, Na, & K

A

CLASS D

170
Q

nuclear reaction

A

CLASS E

171
Q

COOKING MEDIA

A

CLASS K

172
Q

are for Class A fires.

A

Pressurized water extinguishers (Type A)

173
Q

extinguishers are used for Class B and C fires.

A

Multi-purpose dry chemical and carbon dioxide (Type ABC)

174
Q

extinguishers are recommended particularly for use with computer equipment.

A

(Type C) – Halogenated hydrocarbon

175
Q

present special problems and extinguishments is left to trained fire fighters using special dry-chemical extinguishers.

A

(Type D) – Class D

176
Q

hbv __ minutes and hiv ___minutes

A

10 minutes - 2mins

177
Q

a special waste from health care facilities and is further defined as solid waste that, if improperly treated or handled may transmit infectious diseases

A

medica waste

178
Q

for monthly calibration of analytical balances.

A

Class S weights

179
Q

to calibrate the weights themselves since their quality is that of primary standards

A

Class M weights

180
Q

used for routine analytical work.

A

Class S-1 –

181
Q

are allowed greater tolerance levels than Class S-1.

A

Class P weights

182
Q

used for microanalytical work.

A

Class J weights

183
Q

The accuracy of the thermometer used to monitor the incubation temperature of an instrument should be verified every ____ months

A

6-12

184
Q

Reference thermometers must be certified by the

A

NIST

185
Q

For the monitoring of enzymatic reactions, thermometers should agree within

A

0.1 degress celsius

186
Q

Thermometers used to check refrigerator and freezer temperatures should agree within

A

1.0 degrees celsius

187
Q

immediate effects of exercise

A

alanine, lactate, FFA

188
Q

MOST ANALYTES ARE DECREASED IN

A

FASTING

189
Q

8-12 HRS fasting for

A

common metabolites

190
Q

12-14 hrs fastin for

A

lipid profile

191
Q

increased on HIgh meat

A

NPNs

192
Q

concerned with the analytic phase of QA

A

QUALITY CONTROL (QC)

193
Q

monitors the over-all reliability of laboratory results in terms of accuracy and precision

A

QC

194
Q

was established by Belk which monitors primarily the accuracy of laboratory tests; the use of Youden plots

A

EXTERNAL QC (INTERLABORATORY QC)

195
Q

was established by Levey which primarily monitors the day-to-day performance of laboratory tests -

A

INTERNAL QC (INTRALABORATORY QC)

196
Q

PHYSICALY ACTIVE HAVE A RISE OF

A

MUSCLE ENZYME

197
Q

Lipid profle contains

A

total cholesterol, TAG, HDL, LDL

198
Q

made up of TAg rich

A

chylomicrons

199
Q

ketone bodies

A

acetone, acetoacetic acid, beta hydroxybutyric acid

200
Q

usually systematic errors or determinate errors that are caused by some factors in the analytical system

A

anaytical erros

201
Q

usually called random errors or indeterminate errors that usually affect several analyses. Examples are mislabeling the specimen, wrong

A

PERSONNEL OR OPERATOR ERRORS

202
Q

Values move continuously away from the mean in just one direction

A

TREND

203
Q

Seen as an abrupt change from the established mean and continue in a linear fashion parallel to the mean.

A

SHIFT

204
Q

the extent to which the mean measurement is close to the true value.

A

accuracy

205
Q

the reproducibility of a laboratory determination when it is run repeatedly under identical conditions

A

precision

206
Q

refers to the ability of a test to maintain its accuracy and precision for an extended period of time.

A

reliability

207
Q

measure of dispersion of the values around the mean and in normal or GAUSSIAN DISTRIBUTION,

A

standard deviation

208
Q

ability of the test to detect the smallest amount of the analyte in a solution or sample.
A highly sensitive test is characterized by a decreased probability of obtaining false negative results.

A

sensitivity

209
Q

ability of the test to detect analyte without detecting other analytes that are also present in the sample.
A highly specific test leads to a decreased probability of obtaining false positive results.

A

specificity

210
Q

solution (usually pooled serum samples) whose constituents are diverse but are known

A

control

211
Q

a solution of a particular analyte of known characteristics and known value

A

standard

CC1 - PRELIM (1 decks)

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