PRELIM CHAPTER 1 Flashcards
Good decisions require good information
derived from ___________
social media
internet
raw facts
ideas
raw facts
Data is managed most efficiently when
stored in a __________
database
(T or F) Databases evolved from computer file
systems
T
Databases are used in almost all modern settings
involving data management (3):
- Business
- Research
- Administration
( T or F) Databases solve many of the problems
encountered in data management
T
__________ solve many of the problems
encountered in data management
databases
(T or F) Information is raw, unorganized facts that need to be processed
F
Data
___________ is the data processed, organized, structured, or presented in a given context so as to make it useful.
Information
A _________ is a shared, integrated computer structure that stores a collection of end-user data and metadata
database
Databases store a collection of ___________ and ____________
Metadata
Information
programs
end-user data
End-user data
Metadata
__________ - raw facts of interest to end
user
end- user data
- data about data
- Provides description of data characteristics and relationships in data
- Complements and expands value of data
Metadata
DBMS means?
Database management systems
__________ manages structure and controls access to
data
DBMS
(T or F) DBMS prevents data to be shared
F
it enables data to be shared
(T or F) DBMS is the intermediary between the user and
the database
T
Advantages of a DBMS (7):
*Improved data sharing
*Improved data security
*Better data integration
*Minimized data inconsistency
*Improved data access
*Improved decision making
*Increased end-user productivity
Databases can be classified according to (3):
- Number of users
- Database location(s)
- Expected type and extent of use
Types of databases(10):
- single- user databases
- multi-user databases
- centralized databases
- distributed databases
- operational databases
- data warehouse
- unstructured data
- structured data
- semistructured data
- extensible markup language XML
(T or F) XML database supports unstructured XML
data
F
semistructured
_______________ supports only one user at a time
- single- user databases
- multi-user databases
- centralized databases
- distributed databases
single- user databases
_______________ supports multiple users at the same time
- single- user databases
- multi-user databases
- semistructured data
- extensible markup language XML
multi-user databases
_______________ data located at a single site
- distributed databases
- data warehouse
- unstructured data
- centralized databases
centralized databases
_______________ data distributed across
several different sites
- distributed databases
- data warehouse
- multi-user databases
- semistructured data
distributed databases
_______________ supports a company’s day-to-day operations
- distributed databases
- operational databases
- data warehouse
- unstructured data
operational databases
_______________ stores data used for tactical or strategic decisions
- distributed databases
- operational databases
- data warehouse
- unstructured data
data warehouse
_______________ stores data used for tactical or strategic decisions
- unstructured data
- structured data
- semistructured data
- extensible markup language XML
unstructured databases
_______________ have been processed to some extent
- unstructured data
- structured data
- semistructured data
- extensible markup language XML
semistructured data
_______________ result from formatting, applied based on the type of processing to be performed
- unstructured data
- structured data
- semistructured data
- extensible markup language XML
structured data
is data about data
Metadata
define the data characteristics
such as the data type (such as character or numeric) and the relationships that link the data.
metadata
are an important component of database design
Relationships
Reasons for studying file systems:
* ___________ of database design is easier to
understand
* Understanding ___________ system problems helps to
avoid problems with DBMS systems
* Knowledge of file system is useful for ___________
file system to database system
- Complexity
- file
- converting
typically composed of a collection of file folders, each tagged and kept in cabinet
- database systems
- file systems
- information
- manual systems
file systems
(T or F) Contents of each file folder are logically related
T
Served as a data repository for small data collections
- database systems
- file systems
- Computerized file systems
- Manual file systems
Manual file systems
Manual file systems are convenient for large collections
F
It is cumbersome for large collections
Data processing (DP) specialist converted computer file structure from manual system
Computerized file systems
organizes and stores your business’s files on a hard drive or network space
- database systems
- file systems
- Computerized file systems
- Manual file systems
Computerized file systems
(T or F) Initially, computer file systems resembled manual systems
T
(T or F) As the number of files increased, file systems evolved
T
Each file used its own ___________ program to store, retrieve, and modify data
-
application
Each file was owned by an individual or department that commissioned its __________
- data
- creation
- information
- system
creation
_______ have little meaning unless they have been organized in some logical manner
- data
- field
- record
- file
data
These are raw facts such as name, phone number, birth date etc.
- data
- field
- record
- file
data
A character or group of characters that has a specific meaning.
- data
- field
- record
- file
field
used to define and store data
- data
- field
- record
- file
field
a logically connected set of one or more fields
- data
- field
- record
- file
record
a collection of related records
- data
- field
- record
- file
file
is Widely used by business users
Microsoft Excel
Summary of file system limitations:
* Requires _______ programming
* Cannot perform _______ queries
* System administration is _______ and
difficult
* Difficult to make _______ to existing
structures
* _______ features are likely to be
inadequate
extensive
ad hoc
complex
changes
Security
Summary of file system limitations:
* Requires extensive __________
* Cannot __________ ad hoc queries
* System __________ is complex and
difficult
* Difficult to make changes to existing
__________
* Security features are likely to be
__________
programming
perform
administration
structures
inadequate
Access to a file is dependent on its own structure
- Structural dependence
- Structural independence
- Data dependence
- Data independence
Structural dependence
(T or F) All file system programs doesn’t have to be modified to conform to a new file structure
F
All file system programs must be modified to
conform to a new file structure
change file structure without affecting data access
- Structural dependence
- Structural independence
- Data dependence
- Data independence
Structural independence
data access changes when data storage characteristics change
- Structural dependence
- Structural independence
- Data dependence
- Data independence
Data dependence
data storage characteristics do not affect data access
- Structural dependence
- Structural independence
- Data dependence
- Data independence
Data independence
(T or F) File system is vulnerable to security breaches
T
promotes storage of same data in different locations
Organizational structure
(T or F) Data stored in different locations is likely to be updated consistently
F
Data stored in different locations is unlikely to be updated consistently
Same data stored unnecessarily in different places is an example of data ____________
- redundancy
- inconsistency
- anomalies
redundancy
data _________ means different and conflicting versions of same data occur at different places
- redundancy
- inconsistency
- anomalies
inconsistency
Data anomalies (3):
- Update anomalies
- Insertion anomalies
- Deletion anomalies
data _________ are abnormalities when all changes in redundant data are not made correctly
- redundancy
- inconsistency
- anomalies
anomalies
consists of logically related data stored in a single logical data repository
Database system
(T or F) Database system May be physically distributed among multiple storage facilities
T
eliminates most of file system’s problems
- file system
- manual file system
- DBMS
DBMS
defines and regulates the collection, storage, management, use of data
Database system
Five major parts of a database system:
- Hardware
- Software
- People
- Procedures
- Data
provides a framework in which strict procedures and standards enforced
- database system
- file systems
- Computerized file systems
- Manual file systems
database system
Data ______ created within the database and their relationships determine effectiveness
- system
- structures
- files
- records
structures
Disadvantages of database
systems:
* Increased _______
* Management _______
* Maintaining _______
* _______ dependence
* Frequent upgrade/replacement cycles
costs
complexity
currency
Vendor
Disadvantages of database
systems:
* Increased _________
* Management _________
* Maintaining _________
* _________ dependence
* Frequent upgrade/replacement cycles
costs
complexity
currency
Vendor
Creates and maintains database-based applications
- database developer
- database designer
- database analyst
- database architect
- database consultant
- database security officer
database developer
designs and maintains databases
- database developer
- database designer
- database analyst
- database architect
- database consultant
- database security officer
database designer
Manages and maintains DBMS and databases
- database developer
- database designer
- database administrator
- database analyst
- database architect
- database consultant
- database security officer
database administrator
Develops databases for decision support reporting
- database developer
- database designer
- database analyst
- database architect
- database consultant
- database security officer
database analyst
Designs and implements database environments
- database developer
- database designer
- database analyst
- database architect
- database consultant
- database security officer
database architect
Helps companies leverage databases technologies to improve business processes and achieve specific goals
- database developer
- database designer
- database analyst
- database architect
- database consultant
- database security officer
database consultant
Implements security policies for data administration
- database developer
- database designer
- database analyst
- database architect
- database consultant
- database security officer
database security officer
