Prelim

Question 1

Scope and Constraints

Answer 1

Scope - What is to included

Constraints - The limitations

Question 2

Examples of Intellectual Property rights

Answer 2

Protects visual website design
Copyright - Creator has right to all artwork used
Trademarks - Use of trademarks is a breech of IPR

Question 3

How usability testing can be used to evaluate a sites accessibility

Answer 3

Test group given a test case and asked to carry out task
Test group required to use alternatives
Developers can make notes on difficulties
This would give them feedback regarding the accessibility of that page

Question 4

SQL statement to display certain data

Answer 4

SELECT attribute
FROM Entity
WHERE entity.foreignkey = entity.foreignkey
AND Attribute = ‘value’ ;

Question 5

Suitability of design with smartphone/tablet devices

Answer 5

Accuracy - Text Input gives flexibility but the chance of misspelling
Selection of data is fiddly but more accurate
Less Strain on resources - Users complete tasks quicker and free up servers etc quicker

Question 6

The difference between an object and a class

Answer 6

Class is a template which defines methods and attributes

Object is an instance of a class

Question 7

Encapsulation

Answer 7

Access to attributes, operations and class can be limited
Eg attributes only being available to a certain class
Out with this class must be accessed via use of that classes methods

Question 8

Instance variable

Answer 8

Data values which every instance of the class will have

Question 9

Class variable

Answer 9

Available to all instances and defined inside the class definition

Question 10

The difference between an object and a class

Answer 10

Class is a template which defines methods and attributes

Object is an instance of a class

Question 11

Encapsulation

Answer 11

Access to attributes, operations and class can be limited
Eg attributes only being available to a certain class
Out with this class must be accessed via use of that classes methods

Question 12

Inheritance

Answer 12

When a new subclass inherits all of the methods and attributes from the parent class
It can have methods/attributes of its own

Question 13

Instance variable

Answer 13

Data values which every instance of the class will have

Question 14

Class variable

Answer 14

Available to all instances and defined inside the class definition

Question 15

SQL statement to create a table

Answer 15

CREATE TABLE table name
(
Field name datatype NOT NULL
PRIMARY KEY (field1, field2)
FOREIGN KEY (Fieldname) REFERENCES originaltable(samefieldname)
);

Question 16

Inheritance

Answer 16

When a new subclass inherits all of the methods and attributes from the parent class
It can have methods/attributes of its own

Question 17

HTML to generate forms

Question 18

Button element for creating buttons

Answer 18

Sign Up

Question 19

Description of insertion sort

Answer 19

Field and field compared, swap/no swap

Question 20

Algorithm to remove data from the top of a queue

Answer 20

IF front=back THEN

ELSE

SET front to front-1
END IF

Question 21

Code to instantiate a class object

Answer 21

DECLARE identifier (team1) INITIALLY Team
("Value", "Value", "Value")

Question 22

Code to create an array of objects

Answer 22

DECLARE arrayname as ARRAY OF objectname * dimension required eg 32

Question 23

Describing a procedure call using OO terminology

Answer 23

Since subclass name inherits methods and properties from parentclassname
The method name method in the subclassname class overrides the method name method in the parentclassname

Question 24

Sequence of stack operations required to produce a new table

Answer 24

Pop data to be moved

Push data to be added, push data just moved

Question 25

Describe the addition of data into a linked list

Answer 25

New node added to store data and pointer set to the address of the node following it Pointer of preceding node would be updated to store the new node address

Question 26

Benefits of using analytics

Answer 26

- Provide insights and patterns which aid decision making - Eg analysis of given data benefits committee by providing information about... - This could help them to...

Question 27

Pseudo code to create top level design of a program

Answer 27

RECORD recordname IS {datatype Fieldname} DECLARE arrayname AS ARRAY OF recordname * size INITIALLY [ ] Binary search part ; importdata (arrayname[ ]) search(arrayname[ ])

Question 28

Initialisation of a binary search in pseudocode

Answer 28

SET lower to 0 SET upper to numrecords - 1 (As index begins at 0) SET found to false

Question 29

Pseudocode to edit required details of an external database file

Answer 29

< connect to database server> SET query TO "update tablename set fieldname= '' where Condition (eg fieldname= '' Single quotations required for string values No quotations for integer values

Question 30

Type of sort algorithm which keeps going around until no swaps occur

Answer 30

Bubble Sort

Question 31

Condition for swap when sorting into ascending order

Answer 31

IF tablename [counter-1] > tablename[counter] THEN

Question 32

Explain why a quick sort is more appropriate when sorting large files

Answer 32

Quicker as fewer comparisons needed

Question 33

Component Testing

Answer 33

Modules of the program are tested independently of eachother Can occur during development Better as avoids several errors being together, making them difficult to spot and giving off unpredictable results

Question 34

Stub

Answer 34

A dummy function or procedure used in place of one yet to be written Used to indicate when sub program will be called and if it was successful Ensures code will still function without sub program

Question 35

Driver

Answer 35

Code to test a function/procedure which has been written when rest of program has not

Question 36

Integration Testing

Answer 36

``` Tests modules either individually or together (In smaller projects) to ensure that they all work together Advantage is that it tests how modules work together, tests features which would otherwise be impossible to test at individual module level ```

Question 37

Alpha Testing

Answer 37

Carried out by developers or by a team selected by the developers

Question 38

Integration Test Plan identifies;

Answer 38

Original software specification Test documentation from component testing List of test data to be used List of conditions in place prior to testing

Question 39

Acceptance (Beta) Testing

Answer 39

Carried out by client on software or potential customers on commercial software Client accepts delivery of software and that it is fit for purpose

Question 40

Disadvantage of Alpha testing

Answer 40

Programmers associated with the project may not see difficulties of a novice user and can be unintentionally biased

Question 41

Advantage of beta testing

Answer 41

People who may actually use the software can spot errors and bugs which might have not been noticed during Alpha testing Companies gain key information about their errors in software which may be fixed before release

Question 42

Beta Testers

Answer 42

Computer journalists or users of previous versions of the software They receive it for free/at a discount and earlier than the rest of the public in return for recording any errors they find

Question 43

Usability Testing

Answer 43

Used to ensure software is as easy to use/understand as possible

Question 44

Appropriate

Answer 44

Designed with user and tasks they will be carrying out in mind Use of language and concepts familiar to the user Skeuomorphism - Some interfaces try to mimic their physical counterparts eg Radio app with turning knobs and switches

Question 45

Customisable

Answer 45

Interface should be changeable without compromising on functionality

Question 46

Accessibility Testing

Answer 46

Carried out to see how well a piece of software or information system caters for those with disabilities

Question 47

Conditions which should be considered during accessibility testing

Answer 47

``` Impaired motor control Blindness/Impaired vision Colour blindness Deafness Epilepsy Dyslexia ```

Question 48

Solutions to disabilities

Answer 48

Impaired motor control - Keyboard alternative Blind users - Screen readers, Text descriptions on images, text placed at the top Colour blind - Avoidance of certain colour combinations which appear the same Epilepsy - Flashing colours or flickering images avoided Dyslexia - Ability to create a 3rd party 'skin'

Question 49

Evaluating accessibility

Answer 49

``` Text alternatives Navigation Keyboard accessibility Readability Availability of help ```

Question 50

Thread (Concurrent Programming)

Answer 50

A stream/sequence of instructions | Can be given levels of priority meaning that less important threads get very little processor time

Question 51

Concurrent Programming

Answer 51

Several streams of operations may execute simultaneously Relevant to programs running on systems with more than one processor Streams can communicate and interfere with each other Programmer develops code but translation software is used to deal with threading

Question 52

Deadlock (Concurrent programming)

Answer 52

When two threads are waiting for each other to finish and neither does Both enter a waiting state because the resource which they require is in use by the other

Question 53

Race Condition (Concurrent programming)

Answer 53

Two threads both try to change the value of the same variable - they are 'racing' eachother to access/update a variable

Question 54

Race Condition - 'Check then act'

Answer 54

IF X = 5 THEN - This is the check Set y TO X * 2 - The act If another thread changed X in between the check Then y will not have the correct value - 10 in this example END IF

Question 55

'Lock' to prevent race condition occurring

Answer 55

``` #Lock is placed to ensure only one thread may access it at a time # If X = 5 THEN - The Check SET y to X * 2 - Act successful as X cannot be changed until lock removed END IF # Remove lock# ```

Question 56

Resource Starvation (Concurrent programming)

Answer 56

Thread priority results in some threads accessing resources required by another Therefore the 'starved' thread never manages to complete This is usually as a result of poor scheduling or higher priority threads taking priority over lower ones

Question 57

Concurrency Control (Concurrent programming)

Answer 57

The ability to correctly sequence interactions between threads Resource access shared among operations according to their priority

Question 58

Concurrent Programming Advantages

Answer 58

User can interact with applications whilst tasks are running - Eg Stopping file download in a web browser Long Running Tasks do not delay short ones - Eg Web Server may serve a web page whilst processing a query Complex programs make better use of multiple resources in new multi-core processor architectures

Question 59

Number of comparisons required in a binary search

Answer 59

Half the total number (n) of items in a list

Question 60

Number of comparisons required in a linear search

Answer 60

Finding the power of 2 greater than the number of items in a list eg list of size 3 = 2^2 as this equals 4

Question 61

Linear search 4 features

Answer 61

Simple Algorithm Data may be unsorted N/2 = comparisons Slow for large lists

Question 62

Binary Search 4 features

Answer 62

Complex Data sorted 2^x>n = comparisons Fast for large lists