Prelim 3 Flashcards
Electrical signals of which amplitude changes continuously
with respect to time with no breaks or discontinuities.
Analog Signals
Electrical signals that are described as discrete; their
amplitude maintains constant level for a prescribed period of time and then
it changes to another level with respect to time with no breaks or
discontinuities.
Digital Signals
Digital signal with only two levels possible.
Binary Signal
Is the mathematical analysis of the frequency, bandwidth, and
voltage level of a signal?
Signal Analysis
A signal that repeats at a uniform rate.
Periodic Wave
A description of signal with respect to time.
Time-domain
Representation
A description of signal with respect to its frequency.
Frequency Domain
Representation
A frequency-domain instrument that shows
amplitude-versus-frequency plot.
Spectrum Analyzer
A mathematical series developed in 1826 by French physicist
and mathematician Baron Jean Fourier used to analyze complex periodic wave.
Fourier Series
A mathematical tool that allows us to move back and forth
between the time and frequency domains. It is used in signal analysis to
represent the sinusoidal components of nonsinusoidal periodic waveforms.
Fourier Series
Is the integral multiple of the fundamental frequency?
Harmonic
Is the first harmonic and is equal to the frequency
(repetition rate) of the waveform.
Fundamental Frequency
If a periodic voltage waveform is symmetric about the vertical
axis, it is said to have axes, or mirror, symmetry and is called an ________.
even function
If a periodic voltage waveform is symmetric about a line
midway between the vertical axis and the negative horizontal axis and passing
through the coordinate origin, it is said to have point, or skew, symmetry is
called an ______.
odd function
The ________ of a waveform consists of all the frequencies
contained in the waveform and their respective amplitudes plotted in the
frequency domain.
frequency spectrum
The difference between the highest and lowest frequencies
contained in the information. It is also the difference between the highest
and lowest frequencies that the channel will allow to pass through it.
Bandwidth of an
information signal
The ratio of the active time of the pulse to the period of the
waveform.
Duty Cycle
The process of combining two or more signals
Mixing
Occurs when two or more signals combine in a linear device,
such as a passive network or a small-signal amplifier. Also called linear
mixing.
Linear Summing
An amplifier where the output is simply the original input
signal amplified by its gain.
Linear Amplifier
Occurs when two or more signals are combined in a nonlinear
device such as a diode or large-signal amplifier.
Nonlinear Mixing
Undesired generation of multiples or harmonics of that
frequency.
Harmonic Distortion
The generation of any unwanted cross-product frequency when
two or more frequencies are mixed in a nonlinear device.
Intermodulation Distortion
A device that produces electrical oscillations
Oscillator
A system with an Open Loop gain Amplifier circuit, a feedback system and a summer. Input > Summer > Amplifier»_space; Feedback & output
Feedback Oscillator
A stable and low frequency oscillator commonly used to produce 1 Hz to 5 MHz signal.
Wien-Bridge Oscillator
Any repetitive wave that is comprised of more than one
harmonically related sine or cosine wave.
Nonsinusoidal /
Complex Wave
If a periodic voltage waveform is such that the waveform for
the first half cycle repeats itself except with the opposite sign for the
second half cycle, it is said to have ________.
Half-wave Symmetry
This word means to fluctuate between two states or conditions.
Oscillate
An amplifier with a feedback loop or path for energy to
propagate from the output back to the input.
Feedback
Is an untuned RC phase shift oscillator that uses both
positive and negative feedback? The oscillator that Hewlett and Packard used
in their original signal generator design.
Wien-bridge Oscillator
Are oscillator circuits that utilize LC tank circuits for the
frequency determining components?
LC Oscillators
An LC oscillator that uses a tapped coil.
Hartley Oscillator
The operation of this oscillator is very similar to that of
Hartley except that a capacitive divider is used instead of a tapped coil.
Colpitts Oscillator
An oscillator circuit identical to the Colpitts except with
the addition of a small capacitor Cs placed in series with L1.
Clapp Oscillator
The ability of an oscillator to remain at a fixed frequency.
Frequency Stability
Feedback oscillator circuits where a crystal is used for the
frequency determining component.
Crystal Oscillator
The _______ occurs when oscillating mechanical stresses
applied across a crystal lattice structure generate electrical oscillations
and vice versa.
Piezoelectric Effect
