Prelim Flashcards
archaic scientific theory which stated that living organisms could arise from nonliving matter and that such a process was regular in nature.
Spontaneous Generation Theory
Aristotle stated that male’s semen was efficient cause that passed down characteristics to female matter (menstrual blood), and gave rise to its offspring. He believed that the male semen and female matter were refinements that were produced by bodies as a result of their proportions of heat, ingested food and were a byproduct of the elements earth and water. Yet, he believed that creatures arose from spontaneous generation and not sexual reproduction.
Sexual Theory of Reproduction
an Italian naturalist who challenged the ancient belief of spontaneous generation of maggots on decaying meat in 1668. He designed an experiment where he put pieces of meat in six different containers. He covered two of them with gauze, two tightly sealed with corks and left the remaining two open in the air.
Francisco Redi
an Italian botanist, performed another experiment in 1729 where he placed fungal spores on a slice of melon and observed that the same was produced on the melon slice.
Pier Antonio Micheli
An English biologist, did yet another experiment in 1745 with boiled broths. He infused a broth by mixing plant and animal matter and boiled it in the belief that it would kill all themicroorganisms
John Needham
An Italian biologist, reattempted Needham’s experiment in 1768. He took animal and plant matter-infused broths and boiled them vigorously.
Lazzaro Spallanzani
a French microbiologist conducted another broth experiment that settled the question of spontaneous generation once and for all. He took swan flasks that had twisted necks for the experiment and boiled meat broth in it. The design of the flask was such that it allowed exchange or air from outside to inside but prevented the entry of microorganisms.
Louis Pasteur
an Irish physicist, advanced the work of Louis Pasteur and finally the theory of spontaneous generation was disproved. Not much is known about Tyndall’s experiment on spontaneous generation.
John Tyndall
It is the idea that that life arose from non-life while the the other idea proposed that the idea of life arose from pre-existing life.
Abiogenesis is the idea that life arose from non-life, while biogenesis is the idea that life arose from pre-existing life. Both are theories about the origin of life.
It was first widely accepted scientific theory of organic evolution. Itsuggests that life arose gradually from inorganic molecules, with “building blocks” like amino acids forming first and then combining to make complex polymers.
Oparin Haldane Theory
After combining complex polymers, Proximity and more complex reactions among organic compounds gradually got surrounded by a fatty acid membrane.
These were called as Coacervates or living molecules by Oparin
Coacervates having nucleic acids became the first living cells
First living cell or Protovirus
Three Domains Of Life:
Eukarya, Eubacteria(Bacterua), and Archaea
term formerly used to describe and differentiate any of a group of prokaryotic true bacteria from the archaebacteria. Today, true bacteria form the domain Bacteria.
Eubacteria ( Modern Day Bacteria/ Bacteria)
any of a group of single-celled prokaryotic organisms (that is, organisms whose cells lack a defined nucleus) that have distinct molecular characteristics separating them from bacteria (the other, more prominent group of prokaryotes) as well as from eukaryotes (organisms, including plants and animals, whose cells contain a defined nucleus)
Archaea (bacterias living in an extreme conditions)
as their cells are called, are perhaps the most complex in terms of both external and internal structures and physiological and reproductive processes. Eukarya members have the most significant body size and body mass among all domains in the biological world.
Eukarya
Kingdoms in the domain of eukarya
Protist, Animalia, Fungi, Plantae,
Characteristics of Life
Growth and Development
Reproduction
Cellular Organization
Energy Requirement
Adaptation
Response to Stimuli
Excretion
an organic compound or molecule is a chemical compound that contains carbon atoms that are attached to hydrogen atoms with covalent bonds
Organic Compound
Organic Compound includes:
Carbohydrates, Lipids, Nucleic Acid and Proteins
