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Prof Ethics > Prelim > Flashcards

Prelim Flashcards

1
Q

The English word is based on the Latin maxim jurisprudentia:

A

Jurisprudence

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2
Q

juris is the genitive form of jus, meaning

A

Law

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3
Q

prudentia meaning

A

“prudence” or discretion, foresight, forethought, circumspection.

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4
Q

It refers to the exercise of good judgment, common sense, and even caution, especially in the conduct of practical matters.

A

Jurisprudence

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5
Q

the science, study, and theory of law. It includes principles behind law that make law.

A

Jurisprudence

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6
Q

is the branch of philosophy that involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong conduct.

A

ETHICS or moral philosophy

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7
Q

ETHICS is derived from the Ancient Greek word “Ethikos, which is derived from the word

A

‘ethos’ or habit/custom.

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8
Q

-is the branch of Ethics that deals with moral issues in medical practice.

is closely related, but not identical to, bioethics (biomedical ethics)

A

Medical Ethics

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9
Q

What year in the history of medical ethics?

Medicine is considered paternalistic in nature; a setting where Doctors would give advice while patients were expected to follow without being able to exercise autonomy. They could be enrolled in experiments without their knowledge, which was widely condoned.

A

1930

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10
Q

After ____________, the world learned the horrors of German doctors working in the concentration camps and conducting deadly scientific experiments in which the subjects had no say.

A

World War II

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11
Q

This was established to amend the rampant disregard of the patient’s autonomy and basic medical knowledge. It signaled the beginning of modern medical ethics.
It took time before these changes could be purely cemented into the system and become accepted as the norm.

A

Nuremberg code

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12
Q

What year in the history of medical ethics?

The Tuskegee syphilis experiment in Alabama appeared in the media. Since 1946, researchers in an observational study of the disease at the US Public Health Service had been enrolling African Americans infected with syphilis under the guise of offering them free healthcare. Even though penicillin became the standard treatment for syphilis in 1947, it was withheld from the Tuskegee subjects. They were lied to and given placebos.
As a result, many of them died of syphilis, and many of their wives and children became infected.

A

1972

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13
Q

What are the Ethical Codes? And their year?

A

•Hippocratic Oath- 5th Century BC
• Nuremberg Code - 1948
• Declaration of Geneva - 1948
• Universal Declaration of Human Rights - 1948
• Helsinki Declaration- 1964
• International Code of Medical Ethics
• Indian Medical Council ( Professionals Conduct, Etiquettes and Ethics) Regulations; 2002

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14
Q

• One of the earliest document in medical ethics - 5th century BC
• Traditionally, all doctors recite this oath at swearing in. It is considered sacred for its religious foundation and sanctity.

A

Hippocratic Oath

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15
Q

• Voluntary informed consent
• Avoidance of physical psychological injury or harm
• Benefits should outweigh risks
• Proper experience of researcher
• Right to withdraw consent
• Research must stop if harm resulting

A

Nuremberg Code - 1948

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16
Q

• Declaration of physicians’ dedication to the humanitarian goals of medicine.
• Adopted at World Medical Association
General Assembly in 1948 (multiple amendments: 1968, 1984, 1994, 2005 and 2006)

A

Declaration of Geneva

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17
Q

• Set of ethical principles regarding human experimentation developed by the World Medical Association in 1964.
• More specifically addressed clinical research, reflecting changes in medical practice from the term (Human Experimentation’ used in the 4
Nuremberg Code.

A

Helsinki Declaration- 1948

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18
Q

• The code applies both in peace and war. It codifies the duties of physician in general, duties to patients and colleagues.

A

International Code of Medical Ethics - 2006

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19
Q

is the mental process that
a person set in motion to come to some decision of right or wrong in any moral dilemma.

A

Moral reasoning

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20
Q

are motivational preferences or dispositions. Moral values are those preferences that are integral to any moral reasoning process.

A

Values

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21
Q

As with beliefs and values, personal ethics can differ widely from person to person. Beliefs and values often motivate a person by defining what they see as being important. In turn, they influence a person’s attitudes and how they behave.

A

Personal behavior standards

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22
Q

is a key distinguisher between simply having skills and having a true sense of professionalism.

A

Ethical Competence

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23
Q

It is a guide of principles designed to help professionals conduct business honestly and with integrity

A

Code of Ethics

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24
Q

It is a guide of principles designed to help professionals conduct business honestly and with integrity

A

Code of Ethics

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25
Q

WHAT ARE PRINCIPLES OF MODERN ETHICS?

A

A - AUTONOMY
B - BENEFICENCE
C - CONFIDENTIALITY
D - DO NO HARM I NON-MALEFICENCE
E - EQUITY OR JUSTICE

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26
Q

• Patient has freedom of thought,
intention and action when making decisions regarding health care procedures.
• For a patient to make a fully informed decision, helshe must understand all risks and benefits of the procedure and the likelihood of success.

A

Autonomy

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27
Q

the need to tell the truth

A

Veracity

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28
Q

to be faithful to one’s commitments

A

Fidelity

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29
Q

• The practitioner should act in “the best interest” of the patient - the procedure should be provided with the intent of doing good to the patient.
• Patient’s welfare is the first consideration.

A

Beneficence

30
Q

• Based on loyalty and trust.
• Maintain the confidentiality of all personal, medical and treatment information.
• Information is to be revealed for the benefit of the patient and when ethically and legally required.

A

Confidentiality

31
Q

• “Above all, do no harm”
• Make sure that the procedure does not harm the patient or others in society.

A

Do No Harm / Non- maleficence

32
Q

The principle of non-maleficence supports the following rules:

A

• Do not Kill
• Do not cause pain and suffering
• Do not incapacitate
• Do not cause offense

33
Q

• Fair and equal distribution of scarce health resources, and the decision of who gets what treatment.
• The burdens and benefit of new or experimental treatments must be distributed equally among all groups in society.

A

Equity or Justice

34
Q

While ethics tells us about what we ought to do, it does not explain why we do it. Values can be defined as concepts of the desirable with a motivating force. In other words, value somehow moves us to act in a particular way.

A

Ethical values

35
Q

• The branch of ethics that deals with ethical issues in health, healthcare, medicine and science.
It involves
discussions about treatment choices and care options that individuals, families, and health care providers must face.

A

Health ethics

36
Q

7 PROFESSIONALISM AND ETIQUETTE

A

Appearance
Demeanor
Reliability
Competence
Ethics
Maintain your poise
Accountability

37
Q

CODE OF ETHICS OF RADIOLOGIC
TECHNOLOGY

A

The Radiologic Technologist respects confidence entrusted in the course of professional practice, respects the patient’s right to privacy and reveals confidential information only as required by law or to protect the welfare of the individual or the community.

38
Q

R.A. No. 7431

A

• REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8981
• PRC MODERNIZATION ACT OF 2000
• RADIOLOGIC TECHNOLOGY ACT OF 1992

39
Q

Radiologic Technology and X-ray Technologist shall acknowledge the supreme authority of the Philippine Government and shall adhere to the Philippine Consultation, Republic Act No.
8981,otherwise known as the PRC
Modernization Act of 2000, Republic Act No. 7431 or the Radiologic Technology Act of 1992, other pertinent laws as well as the implementing rules and regulations promulgated pursuant to such laws.

A

Article 1 , Section 1

40
Q

They shall promote public interest and welfare at all times

A

Article 1, Section 2

41
Q

They shall observe the highest standards of competence and ethics in the practice of the profession.

A

Article 1, Section 3

42
Q

They shall be involved in civic affairs by participating in activities of relevant organizations to enhance their well-being and that of their community.

A

Article 1, Section 4

43
Q

They shall commit to serve their fellow men, with justice, good faith, and respect for human rights.

A

Article 1, section 5

44
Q

Radiologic Technologists and X-ray Technologists shall provide patient care in accordance with the accepted professional and ethical standards.

A

Article 2 , Section 1

45
Q

They shall respect the dignity, privacy, and right to self-determination of the patients.

A

article 2, Section 2

46
Q

They shall provide patient care, without discrimination, by reason of age, race,
creed, sex, socio-economic
status, religious or political belief or nature of disease/illness

A

Article 2, section 3

47
Q

They shall possess such degree of technical knowledge and skills, reflective of their competence in the field.

A

Article 2, section 4

48
Q

They shall advocate the best interests and safety of the patients as well as of the entire health care team by ensuring that the radiation exposure is kept at a minimal.

A

Article 2, section 5

49
Q

They shall uphold the principle of informed consent.

A

Article 2, section 6

50
Q

They shall hold in confidence all information obtained in the course of their professional practice and shall only disclose such information in accordance with the law and principles of medical ethics.

A

Article 2, section 7

51
Q

They shall only provide services for which they are qualified by virtue of their education, training, and experience.

A

Article 2, section 8

52
Q

Radiologic Technologists and X-ray Technologists shall take diligent care of the radiologic equipment/modalities that are assigned to them and shall make use of them appropriately and effectively according to the accepted standards of practice.

A

Article 3, section 1

53
Q

They shall show respect and support to their colleagues and other members of the healthcare team.

A

Article 3, section 2

54
Q

They shall apply sound judgment in the exercise of their profession and assume responsibility for their own decision/s.

A

Article 3, section 3

55
Q

They shall assist the radiologist and referring physician in the administration of radiologic procedures for the diagnostic and therapeutic management of patients.

A

Article 3, section 4

56
Q

They shall recognize that interpretation and diagnosis of radiologic procedures are beyond the scope of their professional practice.

A

Article 3, section 5

57
Q

They shall NOT, directly or indirectly, assist, tolerate, aid, or abet any unauthorized practice of the profession.

A

Article 3, section 6

58
Q

They shall report to the Professional Regulatory Board of Radiologic Technology Or other appropriate authorities, any violation of Republic Act No. 8981, Republic Act No. 7431, their implementing rules and regulation, and this Code of Professional Ethics.

A

Article 3, section 7

59
Q

They shall keep their reputation above reproach and shall maintain proper decorum in all their actuations to gain public esteem and respect for the profession.

A

Article 3, section 8

60
Q

They shall NOT debase or demean the reputation, competence, and capability of a colleague to aggrandize themselves

A

Article 3, section 9

61
Q

Radiologic Technologists and X-ray Technologists shall endeavor to undertake activities that will foster their professional development, which shall include pursuing Continuing Professional Education and Development (CPE/CPD), to upgrade the standard of their practice as radiologic technologist and x-ray technologist.

A

Article 4, section 1

62
Q

They shall take active part in relevant activities organized by professional organizations/ societies.

A

Article 4, section 2

63
Q

They shall share acquired
knowledge and skills on the latest practices and procedures related to radiologic technology or x-ray technology to their colleagues and other health professionals.

A

Article 4, section 3

64
Q

They shall not render professional service under the influence of alcohol, drugs, other similar substance or under any condition that might compromise the effective delivery of health care service to the patient.

A

Article 4, section 4

65
Q

They shall avoid conflict of
interest or any action that might discredit the profession.

A

Article 4, section 5

66
Q

They shall be entitled to a just and fair compensation for services rendered.

A

Article 4, section 6

67
Q

They shall not allow their names or Certificates of Registration to be advertised Or used by any person or organization, unless with their written consent.

A

Article 4, section 7

68
Q

In cases where the violation is not severe enough to warrant license revocation but still require corrective action the technologist may be required to undergo ________, _________, and _____________to address the Issues that led to the violation.

A

• additional training
• counseling
• other forms of rehabilitation

69
Q

The violation process for a radiologic technologist typically involves
a series of steps that are taken when there is a suspected violation of ethical standards, professional guidelines, or legal regulations within the field of radiologic technology.

A

Radiologic act of 1992

70
Q

“paternalism” occurs when a physician or other healthcare professional makes decisions for a patient without the explicit consent of the patient. The physician believes the decisions are in the patient’s best interests. But the control in the
relationship resides with the physician rather than the patient, much as the control in a family resides with the parents and not the children.

A

Paternalistic model

71
Q

13 RIGHTS AND
RESPONSIBILITIES OF
PATIENTS

A

• RIGHT TO APPROPRIATE MEDICAL CARE AND HUMANE TREATMENT
• RIGHT TO INFORMED CONSENT
• RIGHT TO PRIVACY AND CONFIDENTIALITY
• RIGHT TO INFORMATION
• RIGHT TO CHOOSE HEALTH CARE PROVIDER AND FACILITY
• RIGHT TO SELF-DETERMINATION
• RIGHT TO RELIGIOUS BELIEF
• RIGHT TO MEDICAL RECORDS
• RIGHT TO LEAVE
• RIGHT TO REFUSE PARTICIPATION IN MEDICAL RESEARCH
• RIGHT TO CORRESPONDENCE AND TO RECEIVE VISITORS
• RIGHT TO EXPRESS GRIEVANCES
•RIGHT TO BE INFORMED OF HIS RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS AS A PATIENT

Prof Ethics (1 decks)

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