Prelim Flashcards
(93 cards)
1
Q
a system of acquiring knowledge based on the
scientific method, as well as the organized
body of knowledge gained through research
A
Science
2
Q
a data-processing machine for manipulation of symbols
A
Computer
3
Q
solve any solvable problem
A
general purpose computer
4
Q
more limited capabilities designed for a particular
task
A
special purpose computer
5
Q
earliest calculating device
A
abacus
6
Q
slow; unreliable
A
mechanical computers
7
Q
a branch of medicine that studies the human body, its structure and function in health and disease patholigical condition, methods of diagnosis, treatment and correction
A
Biomedicine
8
Q
is the study of the foundations of information and computations
A
computer science
9
Q
3 types of computing
A
personal computing
client/server computing
cloud computing
10
Q
general purpose computing
A
personal computing
11
Q
responds to request across computer network to provide a network service computing
A
client/server computing
12
Q
a shared pool of computing resources accessible over a network
A
cloud computing
13
Q
five types of computer
A
personal computer
smartphone
mainframe computer
supercomputer
cloud computer
14
Q
a microcomputer designed for individual use, as by a person in an office or at home or school
A
personal computer
15
Q
a small, pocket sizes, single-user computer based on a microprocessor
A
smartphone
16
Q
A powerful multi-user computer capable of supporting
many hundreds or thousands of users
simultaneously.
A
mainframe
17
Q
An extremely fast computer that can perform
hundreds of millions of instructions per second.
A
supercomputer
18
Q
AWS means?
A
amazon web services
19
Q
is an open,
flexible, enterprise-grade cloud computing platform
A
microsoft azure
20
Q
cloud computing platform by Google that offers hosting on the same supporting infrastructure that Google uses internally for end- user products like Google Search and YouTube.
A
google cloud
21
Q
SaaS means?
A
Software as a service
22
Q
IaaS means?
A
Infrastructure as a service
23
Q
PaaS means
A
Platform as a service
24
Q
is a software licensing
and delivery model in which software is licensed on a
subscription basis and is centrally hosted. Also
referred to as “on-demand software”. SaaS is typically
accessed by users using a thin client via a web
browser.
A
software as a service (SaaS)
25
is a form of
cloud computing that provides virtualized computing
resources over the Internet.
Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)
26
is a category of cloud computing that
provides a platform and environment to allow
developers to build applications and services over the
internet.
Plaform as a service (PaaS)
27
The study and application of processes and information and communication technology for the acquisition, manipulation, analysis and distributionof medical image data.
Imaging Informatics
28
it is a branch of medical sciences that applies biological and physiological principles to clinical practice
Biomedicine
29
is the science and practice of caring for a patient, managing the diagnosis, prognosis, prevention, treatment, palliation of their injury or disease, and promoting their health
medicine
30
who was the greek philosopher that tried to explain disease through nature and widely considered the father of modern medicine
Hippocrates
31
there are 4 humoures in the body that should be balanced, what are they ?
Blood
Black Bile
Yellow Bile
Phlegm
32
disease that could be cured
acute
33
disease that could not be cured
chronic
34
4 key disciplines on which biomedicine was formed
genetics
molecular biology
biochemistry
microbiology
35
The study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity.
genetics
36
The study of molecules and molecular processes at a cellular level.
molecular biology
37
The study of the chemical processes occurring within living organisms.
Biochemistry
38
The study of microorganisms, including bacteriology, virology, and immunology.
microbiology
39
The term “Biomedicine’ is sometimes also used to refer to
Biomedical science
40
This is the study of science applied to the human body, for healthcare use.
Biomedical science
41
the process of changing from analog to digital form, also known as digital enablement
digitalization
42
is the branch of health informatics that uses data to help clinicians, researchers and scientists
improve human health and provide healthcare.
Biomedical informatics
43
a new method of medical treatment that involves the application of modern computing technology
and information technology to medical treatment.
Digital medicine
44
is health technology, particularly information technology, applied to health and
health care. It supports health information management across computerized systems and the secure exchange of health information between consumers, providers, payers, and quality monitors.
Health information technology
45
8 types of health information technology (HIT)
- Electronic Health Records
- Health Informstion Exchange
46
are digital versions of individuals' paper charts that include their medical
history, diagnosis, prescriptions, treatment plans, immunisation dates, allergies, radiological pictures, and laboratory
test results.
electronic health records
47
Enables healthcare practitioners to electronically communicate patient
information across many health organisations.
health information exchange
48
which provides remote healthcare services such as virtual consultations and
remote monitoring between patients and healthcare providers.
telehealth and telemedicine
49
it evaluate and acquire insights from health-related data that improves healthcare outcomes.
Health analytics
50
uses mobile devices and apps to track fitness, monitor chronic ailments, and provide
health information.
mobile health
51
help healthcare providers make educated decisions by delivering
relevant clinical information and recommendations based on patient data.
clinical decision support systems
52
Uses digital technology to manage medical imaging,
such as X-rays and MRIs, allowing for image storage, retrieval, and sharing.
Picture archiving and communication systems
53
is the organisation and secure processing of health information which
includes operations such as coding, billing, and preserving medical records.
health information management
54
3 benefits of HIT
- improve efficiency
- enhanced patient care
- reduced errors
55
2 challenges of HIT
- security concerns
- interoperability
56
* studies the representation, processing, and communication of information in natural and engineered systems.
It has computational, cognitive and social aspects.
informatics
57
* The central notion is the transformation of information - whether by computation or communication, whether by
organisms or artifacts.
informatics
58
is synonymous with computer science and computing
informatics
59
is the study and application of methods to improve the management of patient data, clinical
knowledge, population data, and other information relevant to patient care and community health.
medical informatics
60
10 key concepts of informatics
1. data
2. information system
3. algorithm
4. programming
5. data analysis
6. information security
7. human- computer interaction
8. artificial intelligence
9. data privacy
10. ethical considerations
61
Information that is collected and stored in structured format.
data
62
Systems that are design to collect, store, process, and distribute information.
information system
63
Step by step procedures or instruction for solving problem or performing a task.
algorithm
64
The process of writing instructions (code) for computer to perform specific task.
programming
65
The process of inspecting, cleaning transforming, and modeling data to discover useful information,
draw conclusions, and support decision-making
data analysis
66
The protection of information and systems from unauthorized access, use, disclosure,
disruption, modification, or destruction.
information security
67
The study of how people interact with computers and technology.
human- computer interaction
68
The development of computer systems that can perform task that would typically require
human intelligence, such as speech recognition, problem solving, and decision making.
artificial intelligence
69
The protection of personal information and ensuring that individuals have control over how their data
is collected, used, and shared.
data privacy
70
The study of the moral principles and values that should guide the use of technology and
information.
ethical consideration
71
BRANCH OF HEALTH INFORMATICS THAT USES DATA TO HELP CLINICIANS RESEARCHERS AND
SCIENTISTS IMPROVE HUMAN HEALTH AND PROVIDE HEALTHCARE.
Biomedical informatics
72
ALSO KNOWN AS HEALTH INFORMATICS, REFERS TO THE APPLICATION OF
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND COMPUTATIONAL METHODS TO THE FIELD OF HEALTHCARE.
Medical Informatics
73
are visual representations of the internal structures or processes within the human body, captured
through various imaging techniques in the field of healthcare.
Medical Images
74
8 modalities that are being used for capturing medical images
1. x-ray
2. computed tomography (CT) scan
3. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
4. Ultrasound
5. Mammography
6. Fluoroscopy
7. Nuclear Medicine
8. Dental Imaging
75
Uses electromagnetic radiation to create 2D images, often used for bone and chest imaging.
x-ray
76
Combines X-rays from different angles to create detailed cross-sectional
images of the body.
computed tomography (CT) scan
77
Utilizes magnetic fields and radio waves to generate detailed images of
soft tissues, organs, and the nervous system.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
78
Uses high-frequency sound waves to create real-time images, commonly used for fetal imaging and
abdominal studies.
Ultrasound
79
Specifically designed X-ray imaging for breast examination, often used in breast cancer
screening.
Mammography
80
Provides real-time moving images, commonly used in procedures like barium studies and
angiography.
fluoroscopy
81
study of blood vessles
82
Involves the use of radioactive tracers to visualize the structure and function of organs and
tissues.
nuclear medicine
83
Includes techniques like panoramic radiography and cone-beam computed tomography for
dental examinations.
dental imaging
84
refers to the clarity,accuracy, and overall effectiveness of visual information within an image.
image quality
85
5 key aspects infuencing image quality
1. contrast
2. resolution
3. noise
4. sharpness
5. artifacts
86
The level of detail in the image, often measured in pixels for digital images.
resolution
87
Unwanted variations or distortions in the image that can reduce clarity.
noise
87
The ability to distinguish fine details within the image.
sharpness
88
such as distortions or anomalies in the image, can impact
interpretation.
artifacts
88
define how information is structured, stored, and transmitted.
data formats
88
The difference in brightness between different elements in the image, aiding in the distinction of
structures.
contrast
89
In medical formats imaging, 4 common
formats include:
1. DICOM
2. NifTI (Neuroimaging informatics technology initiative)
3. JPEG, PNG, TIFF
4. RAW data
90
This involves the conversion of analog medical images, such as traditional X-rays or film-based
images, into digital format.
Digitalization
