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IMI prelim > Prelim > Flashcards

Prelim Flashcards

1
Q

a system of acquiring knowledge based on the
scientific method, as well as the organized
body of knowledge gained through research

A

Science

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2
Q

a data-processing machine for manipulation of symbols

A

Computer

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3
Q

solve any solvable problem

A

general purpose computer

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4
Q

more limited capabilities designed for a particular
task

A

special purpose computer

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5
Q

earliest calculating device

A

abacus

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6
Q

slow; unreliable

A

mechanical computers

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7
Q

a branch of medicine that studies the human body, its structure and function in health and disease patholigical condition, methods of diagnosis, treatment and correction

A

Biomedicine

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8
Q

is the study of the foundations of information and computations

A

computer science

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9
Q

3 types of computing

A

personal computing
client/server computing
cloud computing

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10
Q

general purpose computing

A

personal computing

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11
Q

responds to request across computer network to provide a network service computing

A

client/server computing

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12
Q

a shared pool of computing resources accessible over a network

A

cloud computing

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13
Q

five types of computer

A

personal computer
smartphone
mainframe computer
supercomputer
cloud computer

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14
Q

a microcomputer designed for individual use, as by a person in an office or at home or school

A

personal computer

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15
Q

a small, pocket sizes, single-user computer based on a microprocessor

A

smartphone

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16
Q

A powerful multi-user computer capable of supporting
many hundreds or thousands of users
simultaneously.

A

mainframe

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17
Q

An extremely fast computer that can perform
hundreds of millions of instructions per second.

A

supercomputer

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18
Q

AWS means?

A

amazon web services

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19
Q

is an open,
flexible, enterprise-grade cloud computing platform

A

microsoft azure

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20
Q

cloud computing platform by Google that offers hosting on the same supporting infrastructure that Google uses internally for end- user products like Google Search and YouTube.

A

google cloud

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21
Q

SaaS means?

A

Software as a service

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22
Q

IaaS means?

A

Infrastructure as a service

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23
Q

PaaS means

A

Platform as a service

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24
Q

is a software licensing
and delivery model in which software is licensed on a
subscription basis and is centrally hosted. Also
referred to as “on-demand software”. SaaS is typically
accessed by users using a thin client via a web
browser.

A

software as a service (SaaS)

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25
Q

is a form of
cloud computing that provides virtualized computing
resources over the Internet.

A

Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)

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26
Q

is a category of cloud computing that
provides a platform and environment to allow
developers to build applications and services over the
internet.

A

Plaform as a service (PaaS)

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27
Q

The study and application of processes and information and communication technology for the acquisition, manipulation, analysis and distributionof medical image data.

A

Imaging Informatics

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28
Q

it is a branch of medical sciences that applies biological and physiological principles to clinical practice

A

Biomedicine

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29
Q

is the science and practice of caring for a patient, managing the diagnosis, prognosis, prevention, treatment, palliation of their injury or disease, and promoting their health

A

medicine

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30
Q

who was the greek philosopher that tried to explain disease through nature and widely considered the father of modern medicine

A

Hippocrates

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31
Q

there are 4 humoures in the body that should be balanced, what are they ?

A

Blood
Black Bile
Yellow Bile
Phlegm

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32
Q

disease that could be cured

A

acute

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33
Q

disease that could not be cured

A

chronic

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34
Q

4 key disciplines on which biomedicine was formed

A

genetics
molecular biology
biochemistry
microbiology

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35
Q

The study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity.

A

genetics

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36
Q

The study of molecules and molecular processes at a cellular level.

A

molecular biology

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37
Q

The study of the chemical processes occurring within living organisms.

A

Biochemistry

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38
Q

The study of microorganisms, including bacteriology, virology, and immunology.

A

microbiology

39
Q

The term “Biomedicine’ is sometimes also used to refer to

A

Biomedical science

40
Q

This is the study of science applied to the human body, for healthcare use.

A

Biomedical science

41
Q

the process of changing from analog to digital form, also known as digital enablement

A

digitalization

42
Q

is the branch of health informatics that uses data to help clinicians, researchers and scientists
improve human health and provide healthcare.

A

Biomedical informatics

43
Q

a new method of medical treatment that involves the application of modern computing technology
and information technology to medical treatment.

A

Digital medicine

44
Q

is health technology, particularly information technology, applied to health and
health care. It supports health information management across computerized systems and the secure exchange of health information between consumers, providers, payers, and quality monitors.

A

Health information technology

45
Q

8 types of health information technology (HIT)

A
  • Electronic Health Records
  • Health Informstion Exchange
46
Q

are digital versions of individuals’ paper charts that include their medical
history, diagnosis, prescriptions, treatment plans, immunisation dates, allergies, radiological pictures, and laboratory
test results.

A

electronic health records

47
Q

Enables healthcare practitioners to electronically communicate patient
information across many health organisations.

A

health information exchange

48
Q

which provides remote healthcare services such as virtual consultations and
remote monitoring between patients and healthcare providers.

A

telehealth and telemedicine

49
Q

it evaluate and acquire insights from health-related data that improves healthcare outcomes.

A

Health analytics

50
Q

uses mobile devices and apps to track fitness, monitor chronic ailments, and provide
health information.

A

mobile health

51
Q

help healthcare providers make educated decisions by delivering
relevant clinical information and recommendations based on patient data.

A

clinical decision support systems

52
Q

Uses digital technology to manage medical imaging,
such as X-rays and MRIs, allowing for image storage, retrieval, and sharing.

A

Picture archiving and communication systems

53
Q

is the organisation and secure processing of health information which
includes operations such as coding, billing, and preserving medical records.

A

health information management

54
Q

3 benefits of HIT

A
  • improve efficiency
  • enhanced patient care
  • reduced errors
55
Q

2 challenges of HIT

A
  • security concerns
  • interoperability
56
Q
  • studies the representation, processing, and communication of information in natural and engineered systems.
    It has computational, cognitive and social aspects.
A

informatics

57
Q
  • The central notion is the transformation of information - whether by computation or communication, whether by
    organisms or artifacts.
A

informatics

58
Q

is synonymous with computer science and computing

A

informatics

59
Q

is the study and application of methods to improve the management of patient data, clinical
knowledge, population data, and other information relevant to patient care and community health.

A

medical informatics

60
Q

10 key concepts of informatics

A
  1. data
  2. information system
  3. algorithm
  4. programming
  5. data analysis
  6. information security
  7. human- computer interaction
  8. artificial intelligence
  9. data privacy
  10. ethical considerations
61
Q

Information that is collected and stored in structured format.

62
Q

Systems that are design to collect, store, process, and distribute information.

A

information system

63
Q

Step by step procedures or instruction for solving problem or performing a task.

64
Q

The process of writing instructions (code) for computer to perform specific task.

A

programming

65
Q

The process of inspecting, cleaning transforming, and modeling data to discover useful information,
draw conclusions, and support decision-making

A

data analysis

66
Q

The protection of information and systems from unauthorized access, use, disclosure,
disruption, modification, or destruction.

A

information security

67
Q

The study of how people interact with computers and technology.

A

human- computer interaction

68
Q

The development of computer systems that can perform task that would typically require
human intelligence, such as speech recognition, problem solving, and decision making.

A

artificial intelligence

69
Q

The protection of personal information and ensuring that individuals have control over how their data
is collected, used, and shared.

A

data privacy

70
Q

The study of the moral principles and values that should guide the use of technology and
information.

A

ethical consideration

71
Q

BRANCH OF HEALTH INFORMATICS THAT USES DATA TO HELP CLINICIANS RESEARCHERS AND
SCIENTISTS IMPROVE HUMAN HEALTH AND PROVIDE HEALTHCARE.

A

Biomedical informatics

72
Q

ALSO KNOWN AS HEALTH INFORMATICS, REFERS TO THE APPLICATION OF
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND COMPUTATIONAL METHODS TO THE FIELD OF HEALTHCARE.

A

Medical Informatics

73
Q

are visual representations of the internal structures or processes within the human body, captured
through various imaging techniques in the field of healthcare.

A

Medical Images

74
Q

8 modalities that are being used for capturing medical images

A
  1. x-ray
  2. computed tomography (CT) scan
  3. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
  4. Ultrasound
  5. Mammography
  6. Fluoroscopy
  7. Nuclear Medicine
  8. Dental Imaging
75
Q

Uses electromagnetic radiation to create 2D images, often used for bone and chest imaging.

76
Q

Combines X-rays from different angles to create detailed cross-sectional
images of the body.

A

computed tomography (CT) scan

77
Q

Utilizes magnetic fields and radio waves to generate detailed images of
soft tissues, organs, and the nervous system.

A

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

78
Q

Uses high-frequency sound waves to create real-time images, commonly used for fetal imaging and
abdominal studies.

A

Ultrasound

79
Q

Specifically designed X-ray imaging for breast examination, often used in breast cancer
screening.

A

Mammography

80
Q

Provides real-time moving images, commonly used in procedures like barium studies and
angiography.

A

fluoroscopy

81
Q

study of blood vessles

82
Q

Involves the use of radioactive tracers to visualize the structure and function of organs and
tissues.

A

nuclear medicine

83
Q

Includes techniques like panoramic radiography and cone-beam computed tomography for
dental examinations.

A

dental imaging

84
Q

refers to the clarity,accuracy, and overall effectiveness of visual information within an image.

A

image quality

85
Q

5 key aspects infuencing image quality

A
  1. contrast
  2. resolution
  3. noise
  4. sharpness
  5. artifacts
86
Q

The level of detail in the image, often measured in pixels for digital images.

A

resolution

87
Q

Unwanted variations or distortions in the image that can reduce clarity.

87
Q

The ability to distinguish fine details within the image.

88
Q

such as distortions or anomalies in the image, can impact
interpretation.

88
Q

define how information is structured, stored, and transmitted.

A

data formats

88
Q

The difference in brightness between different elements in the image, aiding in the distinction of
structures.

89
Q

In medical formats imaging, 4 common
formats include:

A
  1. DICOM
  2. NifTI (Neuroimaging informatics technology initiative)
  3. JPEG, PNG, TIFF
  4. RAW data
90
Q

This involves the conversion of analog medical images, such as traditional X-rays or film-based
images, into digital format.

A

Digitalization

IMI prelim (1 decks)

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