PRELIM Flashcards
is a procedures are used in diagnosing and treating certain illnesses.
NUCLEAR MEDICINE
NUCLEAR MEDICINE is a procedures are used in diagnosing and treating certain illnesses. These procedures use radioactive material called __________________.
Radiopharmaceuticals
NUCLEAR MEDICINE is a procedures are used in diagnosing and treating certain illnesses. These procedures use radioactive material called radiopharmaceuticals. Examples of disease treated with nuclear medicine procedures are
hyperthyroidism
• thyroid cancer
• lymphoma,
• and bone pain from some types of cancer.
Currently how many physicians fully-trained and certified to practice Nuclear Medicine in the Philippines.
95 physicians
currently, there are now 95 physicians fully-trained and certified to practice Nuclear Medicine in the Philippines. An even greater number of approximately HOW MANY Nuclear Medicine Technologist, medical physicists, radiochemist & radiopharmacists comprise the Philippine Society of Nuclear Medicine Technologists Section?
250
Currently, there are now 95 physicians fully-trained and certified to practice Nuclear Medicine in the Philippines. An even greater number of approximately of 250 whose comprise the Philippine Society of Nuclear Medicine Technologists Section
Nuclear medicine technologist
Medical physicists
Radiochemist
Radiopharmacists
Currently, there are now 95 physicians fully-trained and certified to practice Nuclear Medicine in the Philippines. An even greater number of approximately 250 Nuclear Medicine Technologist, medical physicists, radiochemist & radiopharmacists comprise in what section?
Philippine Society of Nuclear Medicine Technologists Section
Who is the father of nuclear medicine in the philippines?
Paulo C. Campos
A nuclear medicine scan consists of 3 phases:
• tracer (radionuclide) administration
• taking images,
• and image interpretation.
The amount of time between administration of the tracer and the taking of the images may range from what??
a few moments to a few days.
True or False. Doctors use nuclear medicine to diagnose, evaluate, and treat various diseases.
True
Doctors use nuclear medicine to diagnose, evaluate, and treat various diseases. These include
• cancer
• heart disease
• gastrointestinal
• endocrine,
• or neurological disorders, and other conditions.
Nuclear medicine exams pinpoint the? And this gives them the potential to find disease in its earliest stages.
molecular activity
True or False. Nuclear medicine exams pinpoint magnetic momentum. This gives them the potential to find disease in its earliest stages.
False, its molecular activity.
True or false. Nuclear medicine exams pinpoint molecular activity. This gives them the potential to find disease in its earliest stages.
True
The origin of nuclear medicine started with the invention by Ernest Orlando Lawrence (1901-1958).
Cyclotron
The origin of nuclear medicine started with the invention of the cyclotron by
Ernest Orlando Lawrence (1901-1958).
The origin of nuclear medicine started with the invention of the cyclotron by Ernest Orlando Lawrence (1901-1958). Ernest Lawrence began working in what university?
University of California in Berkeley
The origin of nuclear medicine started with the invention of the cyclotron by Ernest Orlando Lawrence (1901-1958). Ernest Lawrence began working at University of California in Berkeley in what year?
1928
The origin of nuclear medicine started with the invention of the cyclotron by Ernest Orlando Lawrence (1901-1958). Ernest Lawrence began working at University of California in Berkeley in 1928 as a what?
nuclear physicist.
True or false. Ernest Lawrence research centered on the bombarding atoms at a very low speed in order to produce new particles.
False, high speed.
True or false. Ernest Lawrence research centered on the bombarding atoms at high speed in order to produce new particles.
True
Overall usage of nuclear medicine procedures is expanding rapidly, especially as new imaging technologies, such as
• positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT)
• single photon emission tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT)
are found in the nucleus at the centre of the atom.
protons and neutrons
is very much smaller than the atom as a whole.
nucleus
: it is a positively charged particle that resides within the atomic nucleus.
PROTONS
The proton has how many charges
+1 (or, alternately, 1.602 ×10-¹⁹Coulombos).
it is a subatomic particle with a mass comparable to a proton and neutral electrical charge.
Neutrons
A neutron is a subatomic particle with how many mass/es and charge?
mass of 1 and charge of 0.
are agents used to diagnose certain medical problems or treat certain disease.
Radiopharmaceuticals
it is very similar to conventional nuclear medicine planar imaging using a gamma camera, but is able to provide true 3D information.
SPECT
it is a nuclear medicine tomographic imaging technique using gamma rays.
SPECT
it is the radiation emitted from a radiophramaceuticals injected intravenously into a patient is registered by external detectors positioned at different orientations.
PET
it is a scan can find abnormal activity and it can be more sensitive than ither imaging tests.
PET
it is a functional imaging technique that uses radioactive substances known as radiotracers to visualize and measure changes in metabolic processes, and in other physiological activities including blood flow, regional chemical composition, and absorption.
PET
it is an imaging test that can help reveal the metabolic or biochemical function of your tissues and organs.
PET
these are radioactive chemical sor pharmaceutics preparations, labeled with a radionuclide in tracer or therapeutic concentration.
Radioactive materials
these are radioisotopes bound to biological molecules able to target specific organs, tissues or cells within the human body.
Radiophramaceuticals Drugs
a drug that contains a radioactive substance and is used to diagnose or treat disease, including cancer.
Radiotracer
it is more flexible tool, because innovative tracers are more easily synthesized.
PET
Must have a short half-life that is compatible with the duration and objectives of the NM study.
RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS
in radiopharmaceuticals, Must produce monochromatic gamma rays with energies between
100-300 keV
True or false. Does radiopharmaceuticals minimize production of particulate radiation?
True
what are the DETECTORS IN NM?
- GAS-FILLED DETECTORS
- SCINTILLATION DETECTOR
Typically used in non-imaging instruments.
GAS-FILLED DETECTORS
Commonly used in NM as dose calibrators and survey meters.
GAS-FILLED DETECTORS
GAS-FILLED DETECTORS belongs to a class of detectors called
ionization detectors.
GAS-FILLED DETECTORS are commonly used gases are
- helium
- neon
- argon
- hydrogen and air.
There are 3 main types of gas-filled detector;
- ionization chambers
- proportional counters
- Geiger-Mueller detectors
Used to determine the radioactivity of a test tube, vial or syringe.
DOSE CALIBRATORS
Used to locate a source of radioactivity and to assess the amount of radioactivity present or the exposure rate from the source.
SURVEY METER
Are used in portable survey meters and can accurately indicate exposure rates from less than 1 mR/hr to hundreds of R/hr
IONIZATION CHAMBERS
Detectors used in most x-ray machine photo timers
IONIZATION CHAMBERS
In IONIZATION CHAMBERS, are used in portable survey meters and can accurately indicate exposure rates from less than
1 mR/hr to hundreds of R/hr
Also used for performing quality assurance testing of diagnostic and therapeutic x-ray machines.
IONIZATION CHAMBERS
Commonly used in standard laboratories, health physics laboratories and for physics research.
PROPORTIONAL COUNTERS
Not commonly used in NM because of its low efficiency in detecting x and gamma rays.
PROPORTIONAL COUNTERS
Suitable for detecting alpha particles
PROPORTIONAL COUNTERS
Mostly used for inexpensive survey meter for radiation protection purposes.
GEIGER-MUELLER COUNTERS
Widely used in monitoring because it is very rugged.
GEIGER-MUELLER COUNTERS
The most commonly used detector in NM.
SCINTILLATION DETECTOR
Generally used only for detection of x and gamma ray only.
SCINTILLATION DETECTOR
Sensitive element that is used to detect ionizing radiation by observing the emission of light photons induced in a material.
SCINTILLATION DETECTOR
were used in the development of the 1st generation nuclear medicine scanner (rectilinear scanner).
SCINTILLATION DETECTOR
Thalitum activated sodium iodide is the most commonly used crystals used.
SCINTILLATION DETECTOR
What is the most commonly used crystals used in the SCINTILLATION DETECTOR?
Thalitum activated sodium iodide