PRELIM Flashcards
What is law in general?
A body of rules of action or conduct prescribed by a controlling authority, and having binding legal force. That which must be obeyed and followed by citizens subject to sanctions or legal consequence is a law
Functions of law
(1) keep the peace,
(2) maintain the status quo,
(3) preserve individual rights,
(4) protect minorities against majorities,
(5) promote social justice, and
(6) provide for orderly social change.
Purposes of the law
(1) establishing standards,
(2) maintaining order, (3) resolving disputes, and (4) protecting liberties and rights.
What is law according to Justice Bradley
Law is a science of principles by which the civil society is regulated and held together, by which right is enforced, and wrong is detected and punished.
What is law according to De Page?
The body of rule governing the conduct of persons living in association with others, under the guaranty of social compulsion.
What is law according to Sanchez Roman?
Law is a rule of conduct, just, obligatory promulgated by legitimate authority, and of common observance and benefit.
The law is a guidepost for minimally acceptable behavior in society.
Establishing standards
This is an offshoot of establishing standards. Some semblance of order is necessary in a civil society and is therefore reflected in law. The law—when enforced—provides order consistent with society’s guidelines.
Maintaining order
Disputes are unavoidable in a society comprised of persons with different needs, wants, values, and views.
Resolving disputes
Classifications of Law
Divine Law
Human Law
What is divine law?
What is human law?
What is ethics?
Ethics matter because;
(1) it is part of how many groups define themselves and thus part of the identity of their individual members,
(2) other-regarding values in most ethical systems both reflect and foster close human relationships and mutual respect and trust, and
(3) it could be “rational” for a self-interested person to be moral, because his or her selfinterest is arguably best served in the long run by reciprocating the moral behaviour of others.
Is ethic a social science?
The greatest good for the greatest number of people
Utilitarian ethics
The idea that people should be treated with dignity and respect
Deontological ethics
Considering what virtues make a good public relations professionals
Virtue ethics
Concerning the theoretical meaning and reference of moral propositions, and how their truth values can be determined
Meta-ethics
Concerning what a person is obligated (or permitted) to do in a specific situation or a particular domain of action
Applied ethics
Concerning the practical means of determining a moral course of action
Normative ethics
The principle or practice of concern for the welfare of others
Altruism or selflessness
Is the “personal rule of the self that is free from both controlling interferences by others and from personal limitations that prevent meaningful choices”
Autonomy
Is action that is done for the benefit of others
Beneficence
Refers to the concept of keeping a commitment and is based upon the virtue of caring.
Fidelity
means to “do no harm”
Non-maleficence
This principle requires loyalty, fairness, truthfulness, advocacy, and dedication to our patients. It involves an agreement to keep our promises.
Fidelity
The philosophical study of the concepts of moral right and wrong
Ethics
ethics derives from Ancient Greek ἠθικός (ethikos), from ἦθος (ethos), meaning
Habit custom
The English word “ethics” is derived from an Ancient Greek word, êthikos, which means
Relating to ones character
values tend to influence attitudes and behavior and these types include:
Doctrinal/Ideological values
Social values
Asethetic values
Advocates that each person live so as to further his or her own interests
Egoism
Concerned with the standards and moral conduct that govern the profession and its members.
Professional ethics
This theory holds that the most important aspects of our lives are governed by certain unbreakable moral rules.
Deontology
Resolve questions of human morality
Ethics
study of general and fundamental problems
Philosophy
Defined as broad preferences concerning appropriate courses of actions
Values
Licensure Laws (R.A. 1998) which provide:
Minimum standard req. for the education and training of Optometrists
The examination req. for the licensure of applicants
Character, age, citizenship and other requirements. For licensure of applicants
Grounds and procedures for reprimand
Tuesday agencies created to administer the licensing statuses
Code of ethics for Optometrists
The optometrists responsibilities in general
Relations between optometrist and his patients
Duties of optometrists to the general public
Duties of optometrists to other opto
Duties of opto to the members of other professions
Certain wrongful acts or omissions of optometrists are considered crimes
Criminal law
Any person who, contrary to law, willfully or negligently causes damage to another
Civil law
Any optometrist admitted to a general or specialized optometric organization is obliged to comply with the constitution
Optometric societies
Every optometrist serves as an ambassador of goodwill of his profession to the public
Public opinion
What is optometry?
Science and art of examining the human eye, analyzing the ocular function, and prescribing ophthalmic lenses, prisms, contact lenses, ocular exercises, visual training
What is Optometrist?
Means a person legally qualified to practice optometry under this act
the ideal distribution of risks and benefits
Justice
