PRELIM

Question 1

The race to create the first whole-body MRI scanner began shortly thereafter, with both BLANK and BLANK participating.

Answer 1

Damadian, Mans feld

Question 2

It is a measure of the time taken for spinning protons to lose phase coherence among the nuclei spinning perpendicular to the main field.

Answer 2

T2 (transverse relaxation time)

Question 3

MR imaging was invented by

Answer 3

Paul C. Lauterbur

Question 4

is the small, dense region consisting of protons and neutrons at the center of an atom, discovered in

Answer 4

atomic nucleus, in 1911 by Ernest Rutherford based on the 1909 Geiger-Marsden gold foil experiment.

Question 5

The uniform magnetic field is found inside the coil, epecially in the center. These magnets are relatively inexpensive to make but require a large constant flow of current while magnetized and imaging. The coil
has an electrical resistance that requires cooling of the magnet.

Answer 5

RESISTIVE MAGNET:

Question 6

is a vector field that describes the magnetic
influence on moving electric charges, electric currents, and magnetic materials.

Answer 6

magnetic field

Question 7

It is the rate of precession of the magnetic moment of the proton around the external magnetic field. The frequency of precession is related to the strength of the magnetic field

Answer 7

ARMOR RELATIONSHIP:

Question 8

Three years later, Damadian created the first whole-body human scanner in BLANK

Answer 8

May of 1977.

Question 9

Most MRI systems use

Answer 9

superconducting magnets.

Question 10

built the first whole-body MRI scanner in

Answer 10

Damadian, 1977

Question 11

the inventor of the first magnetic resonance scanning machine celebrates his 85th birthday on

Answer 11

March 16.

Question 12

The primary advantage is that a superconducting magnet

Answer 12

is capable of producing a much stronger and stable magnetic field than the other two types
(resistive and permanent) considered below.

Question 13

These are materials where the magnetic field is generated by the internal structure of the material itself. But in certain materials, called ferromagnets, all the spins and the orbits of the electrons will line up, causing the materials to become magnetic. This would be your normal iron, cobalt, nickel.

Answer 13

PERMANENT MAGNET:

Question 14

( Paul C. Lauterbur ) he published the theory behind it in

Answer 14

March 1973.

Question 15

A superconducting magnet is
an electromagnet made from coils of
superconducting wire. In its superconducting state the wire has no electrical resistance and therefore can conduct much larger electric currents than ordinary wire, creating intense magnetic fields.

Answer 15

SUPERCONDUCTIVE MAGNETS:

Question 16

also called fulguration, is a medical procedure in which part of the electrical conduction system of the heart, tumor or other dysfunctional tissue is ablated using the heat generated from medium frequency alternating current.

Answer 16

Radiofrequency ablation

Question 17

A term describing the degree, to which processing nuclear spins are synchronous.

Answer 17

PHASE COHERENT:

Question 18

Over BLANK MRI examinations are now carried out annually.

Answer 18

60 million

Question 19

a physician, performed the first full-body scan of a human being in 1977.

Answer 19

Damadian,

Question 20

BLANK was able to image a student’s finger in BLANK in BLANK

Answer 20

Mansfield, 15-23 minutes in 1974.

Question 21

the inventor of the first magnetic resonance scanning machine celebrates his 85th birthday on March 16.

Answer 21

Dr. Raymond Damadian

Question 22

is the time constant which determines the rate at which excited protons reach equilibrium or go out of phase with each other.

Answer 22

T2 (transverse relaxation time)

Question 23

built the first whole-body MRI scanner in 1977, which he called the

Answer 23

‘Indomitable’ (impossible).

Question 24

who developed a mechanism to encode spatial information into an NMR signal using magnetic field gradients in

Answer 24

Paul C. Lauterbur, September 1971

Question 25

In BLANK he discovered that MRI could be used for medical diagnosis

Answer 25

1971, Damadian

Question 26

is a quantum-mechanical property, akin to the angular momentum of a classical sphere rotating on its axis, except it comes in discrete units of integer or half-integer multiples of h.

Answer 26

PROTON SPIN