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prelim ! Flashcards

1
Q

safe hypertensive drug for pregnant women

A

methyldopa

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2
Q

drug of choice for hypertensive crisis

A

sodium nitroprusside IV

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3
Q

prototype thiazide diuretics

A

hydrochlorothiazide (hydrodiuril)

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4
Q

thiazide-like diuretic that has the longest duration of action

A

chlorthalidone (hygroton)

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5
Q

thiazide-like diuretic with vasodilating activity

A

indapamide

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6
Q

type of diuretics that can also be used to eliminate calcium stones

A

thiazide diuretics

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7
Q

drugs that decrease the absorption of thiazide diuretics by lowering cholesterol level

A
  • cholestyramine
  • cholestipol
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8
Q

prototype loop diuretics

A

furosemide (lasix)

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9
Q

potassium-sparing diuretic that can inhibits androgen receptor which can result to breast enlargement of men

A

spironolactone (aldectone)

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10
Q

potassium-sparing diuretics that directly inhibits Na+ influx

A
  • amiloride
  • triamterene
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11
Q

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors diuretic used for acute mountain sickness

A

acetazolamide

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12
Q

used in the management of:

  • open angle glaucoma
  • metabolic alkalosis
  • acute mountain sickness
  • catamenial seizures
A

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors diuretics

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13
Q

prototype osmotic diuretics

A

mannitol

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14
Q

diuretic used for intracranial pressure and rhabdomyolysis

A

mannitol

osmotic diuretic

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15
Q

diuretics used for conditions with increased intraocular pressure

A
  • isosorbide
  • glycerin
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16
Q

diuretics to be used for anion overdose

A

loop diuretics

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17
Q

why is alpha-2 agonists used for hypertension?

A

stimulates NFE decrese norepinephrine – decrease blood pressure

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18
Q

prototype beta blocker

A

propranolol

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19
Q

beta blocker with shortest half life

A

esmolol

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20
Q

beta blocker with longest half life

A

nadolol

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21
Q

drugs that are both alpha and beta blockers

A
  • labetalol
  • carvedilol
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22
Q

beta blockers for glaucoma

A
  • levobunolol
  • timolol
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22
Q

beta blocker for diabetic patients

A

metoprolol

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23
Q

beta blocker that has an extensive first pass metabolism

A

propranolol (inderal)

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24
Q

beta blocker with withdrawing symptoms – needs to taper dose for 10-14 days

A

propranolol (inderal)

25
Q

classification of beta blockers that has no rebound hypertension or withdrawal symptoms, hence, no need to taper dose

A

ISA

26
Q

classification of beta blockers that is not for patients with glaucoma as it can damage the optic nerve, resulting to blindness

A

MSA

27
Q

beta blocker that is also a reserve drug for hypertensive emergency

A

labetalol

28
Q

associated with first dose phenomenon and orthostatic hypotension

A

mixed beta blockers

29
Q

beta blocker used for the management of stable heart failure

A

metoprolol (lopressor) (neobloc)

30
Q

this beta blocker do not mask the symptoms of hypoglycemia and applicable for patients with asthma and diabetes

A

metoprolol (lopressor) (neobloc)

31
Q

b1 blocker with long half life – once a day dosing (6 hrs BA)

A

atenolol (tenormin)

32
Q

this beta blocker is contraindicated to patients with chronic kidney disease as it tends to accumulate in the urine

A

atenolol (tenormin)

33
Q

when should you reduce the dose of atenolol?

A

when the CrCl is less than 35 ml/min

34
Q

how long is the half life of esmolol?

A

9 minutes

35
Q

beta blocker used in the management of intraoperative and postoperative hypertension and hypertension associated with tachycardia

A

esmolol (brevibloc)

36
Q

beta blockers metabolized in the liver but still have long half lives – administered once daily

A
  • betaxolol (kerlone)
  • bisoprolol (zebeta)
37
Q

aka NNN blocker

A

ganglionic blockers

38
Q

aka release inhibitors

A

adrenergic neuron blockers

39
Q

ganglionic blocker that is administered orally

A

mecamylamine

40
Q

ganglionic blocker that is administered IV

A

trimethaphan

41
Q

adrenergic neuron blocker with long half of 5 fays and long onset of action of 1-2 weeks

A

guanethidine

42
Q

dopamine reuptake inhibitor that can cause parkinsonism

A

reserpine

43
Q

arteriolar vasodilator with SLE-like effect that stimulates EDRF formation = direct relaxation of vascular smooth muscle

A

hydralazine

44
Q

arteriolar vasodilator for hypertension during pregnancy

A

hydralazine

45
Q

arteriolar vasodilator that stimulates dopamine 1 in blood vessels

A

fenoldopam

46
Q

arteriolar vasodilator for pulmonary hypertension in newborns

A

tolazoline

47
Q

arteriolar vasodilator with transient alpha adrenoreceptor blockade

A

tolazoline

48
Q

mixed vasodilator that stimulate nitric oxide synthase

A

sodium nitroprusside

49
Q

this can cause cyanide poisoning by displacing oxygen in hemoglobin = cellular hypoxia

A

sodium nitroprusside

50
Q

components of antidote kit for cyanide poisoning

A
  • sodium nitrite (oxidize Hb to methemoglobin)
  • amyl nitrite ^ ‘’
  • sodium thiocyanate (true antidote)
51
Q

prophylaxis for cyanide poisoning

A

sodium nitroprusside with hydroxocobalamin

52
Q

ACE inhibitor that is not administered orally

A

enalaprilat

53
Q

ACE inhibitor that has no low bioavailability associated with foods

A

laptopril

54
Q
  • first line mgt. of hypertension
  • first line mgt. of chronic kidney disease and diabetes melitus
  • first line mgt. of heart failure
  • mgt. of albuminuria
A

Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs)

55
Q

first line agents in the treatment of heart failure

A

ACE inhibitors

56
Q

drug of choice for uncomplicated hypertension

A

thiazide diuretics

57
Q

drug of choice when rapid and extensive diuresis is needed

A

loop diuretics

58
Q

drug of choice for all types of arrhythmias

A

lidocaine

59
Q

second drug of choice after lidocaine for arrhythmias

A

procainamide

60
Q

drug of choice for emergency treatment of cardiac arrhythmias

A

lidocaine

61
Q
A

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