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prelim ! Flashcards

1
Q

safe hypertensive drug for pregnant women

A

methyldopa

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2
Q

drug of choice for hypertensive crisis

A

sodium nitroprusside IV

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3
Q

prototype thiazide diuretics

A

hydrochlorothiazide (hydrodiuril)

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4
Q

thiazide-like diuretic that has the longest duration of action

A

chlorthalidone (hygroton)

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5
Q

thiazide-like diuretic with vasodilating activity

A

indapamide

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6
Q

type of diuretics that can also be used to eliminate calcium stones

A

thiazide diuretics

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7
Q

drugs that decrease the absorption of thiazide diuretics by lowering cholesterol level

A
  • cholestyramine
  • cholestipol
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8
Q

prototype loop diuretics

A

furosemide (lasix)

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9
Q

potassium-sparing diuretic that can inhibits androgen receptor which can result to breast enlargement of men

A

spironolactone (aldectone)

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10
Q

potassium-sparing diuretics that directly inhibits Na+ influx

A
  • amiloride
  • triamterene
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11
Q

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors diuretic used for acute mountain sickness

A

acetazolamide

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12
Q

used in the management of:

  • open angle glaucoma
  • metabolic alkalosis
  • acute mountain sickness
  • catamenial seizures
A

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors diuretics

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13
Q

prototype osmotic diuretics

A

mannitol

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14
Q

diuretic used for intracranial pressure and rhabdomyolysis

A

mannitol

osmotic diuretic

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15
Q

diuretics used for conditions with increased intraocular pressure

A
  • isosorbide
  • glycerin
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16
Q

diuretics to be used for anion overdose

A

loop diuretics

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17
Q

why is alpha-2 agonists used for hypertension?

A

stimulates NFE decrese norepinephrine – decrease blood pressure

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18
Q

prototype beta blocker

A

propranolol

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19
Q

beta blocker with shortest half life

A

esmolol

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20
Q

beta blocker with longest half life

A

nadolol

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21
Q

drugs that are both alpha and beta blockers

A
  • labetalol
  • carvedilol
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22
Q

beta blockers for glaucoma

A
  • levobunolol
  • timolol
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22
Q

beta blocker for diabetic patients

A

metoprolol

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23
Q

beta blocker that has an extensive first pass metabolism

A

propranolol (inderal)

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24
beta blocker with withdrawing symptoms -- needs to taper dose for 10-14 days
propranolol (inderal)
25
classification of beta blockers that has **no rebound hypertension** or withdrawal symptoms, hence, **no need to taper dose**
ISA
26
classification of beta blockers that is not for patients with glaucoma as it can damage the optic nerve, resulting to blindness
MSA
27
beta blocker that is also a reserve drug for hypertensive emergency
labetalol
28
associated with first dose phenomenon and orthostatic hypotension
mixed beta blockers
29
beta blocker used for the management of stable heart failure
metoprolol (lopressor) (neobloc)
30
this beta blocker do not mask the symptoms of hypoglycemia and applicable for patients with asthma and diabetes
metoprolol (lopressor) (neobloc)
31
b1 blocker with long half life -- once a day dosing (6 hrs BA)
atenolol (tenormin)
32
this beta blocker is contraindicated to patients with chronic kidney disease as it tends to accumulate in the urine
atenolol (tenormin)
33
when should you reduce the dose of atenolol?
when the CrCl is **less than 35 ml/min**
34
how long is the half life of esmolol?
9 minutes
35
beta blocker used in the management of **intraoperative and postoperative hypertension** and hypertension associated with tachycardia
esmolol (brevibloc)
36
beta blockers metabolized in the liver but still have long half lives -- administered once daily
- betaxolol (kerlone) - bisoprolol (zebeta)
37
aka NNN blocker
ganglionic blockers
38
aka release inhibitors
adrenergic neuron blockers
39
ganglionic blocker that is administered orally
mecamylamine
40
ganglionic blocker that is administered IV
trimethaphan
41
adrenergic neuron blocker with long half of 5 fays and long onset of action of 1-2 weeks
guanethidine
42
dopamine reuptake inhibitor that can cause parkinsonism
reserpine
43
arteriolar vasodilator with SLE-like effect that stimulates EDRF formation = direct relaxation of vascular smooth muscle
hydralazine
44
arteriolar vasodilator for hypertension during pregnancy
hydralazine
45
arteriolar vasodilator that stimulates dopamine 1 in blood vessels
fenoldopam
46
arteriolar vasodilator for pulmonary hypertension in newborns
tolazoline
47
arteriolar vasodilator with transient alpha adrenoreceptor blockade
tolazoline
48
mixed vasodilator that stimulate nitric oxide synthase
sodium nitroprusside
49
this can cause cyanide poisoning by displacing oxygen in hemoglobin = cellular hypoxia
sodium nitroprusside
50
components of antidote kit for cyanide poisoning
- sodium nitrite (oxidize Hb to methemoglobin) - amyl nitrite ^ '' - sodium thiocyanate (true antidote)
51
prophylaxis for cyanide poisoning
sodium nitroprusside with hydroxocobalamin
52
ACE inhibitor that is not administered orally
enalaprilat
53
ACE inhibitor that has no low bioavailability associated with foods
laptopril
54
- first line mgt. of hypertension - first line mgt. of chronic kidney disease and diabetes melitus - first line mgt. of heart failure - mgt. of albuminuria
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs)
55
first line agents in the treatment of heart failure
ACE inhibitors
56
drug of choice for uncomplicated hypertension
thiazide diuretics
57
drug of choice when rapid and extensive diuresis is needed
loop diuretics
58
drug of choice for all types of arrhythmias
lidocaine
59
second drug of choice after lidocaine for arrhythmias
procainamide
60
drug of choice for emergency treatment of cardiac arrhythmias
lidocaine
61

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