PRELIM

Question 1

—- refers to the socially constructed roles, behaviours, expressions and identities of girls, women, boys, men, and gender diverse people. It influences how people perceive themselves and each other, how they act and interact, and the distribution of power and resources in society.

Answer 1

gender

Question 2

a group of people who live in a particular territory, are subject to a common system of political authority, and are aware of having a distinct identity from other groups around them.
Mike O’Donnell (1997)

Answer 2

society

Question 3

Concepts, principles, and approaches in the understanding of genders in the Philippine towards an effective gender responsive society.

Answer 3

gender and society

Question 4

the different biological and physiological characteristics of males and females, such as reproductive organs, chromosomes, hormones, etc.
World Health Organization

Answer 4

sex

Question 5

biological dimension of your gender and sexuality. Also referred to as —-, the term generally pertains to your identity depending on your sexual anatomy and physiology. The parts of your body that are relevant to reproduction and function of these parts.

Answer 5

biological sex or physical sex

Question 6

When the baby’s genitals appear to be conglomerate of male and female organs such that it may be difficult to classify the baby’s sex without further examination

Answer 6

intersexuality

Question 7

is a naturally occurring variation in humans and animals, according to the American Psychological Association.

Answer 7

intersexuality

Question 8

person with a set of XY chromosomes is referred to as a

Answer 8

male

Question 9

someone with a set of XX chromosomes is referred to as a

Answer 9

female

Question 10

Our ability for higher order thinking and our tendency to create social norms, allow us to attach social and cultural meanings to things, including our sex.

Answer 10

meaning-making organisms

Question 11

When parents automatically attach social and cultural meanings to their child’s sex and in doing so, they already set an expectation in terms of how their child should behave and how they should treat their child.

Answer 11

gender

Question 12

sense of who we are; Do we see and experience ourselves as a man, woman, or neither

Answer 12

gender identity

Question 13

here a person’s biological sex does not align with one’s gender identity, such as male who does not feel comfortable identifying as a man (transgender woman) or a female who is not comfortable identifying as a woman (transgender man)

Answer 13

transgender

Question 14

According to American Psychological Association of the Philippines, typically at ages —–, we experience or develop attraction to other people. By adolescence, we already know who we are attracted to and would experiment through dating and relationships.

Answer 14

6 or 8

Question 15

emotional and sexual attraction to a person

Answer 15

sexual orientation

Question 16

people who are attracted to the opposite sex

Answer 16

heterosexuals

Question 17

are people who are attracted to people of the same sex

Answer 17

homosexuals

Question 18

are people who are attracted to both sexes, male or female.

Answer 18

bisexuals

Question 19

women’s sanctity as a result of
their power to conceive offspring

Answer 19

divine feminine

Question 20

men and women have equitable
power and roles

Answer 20

egalitarian

Question 21

the gender disparity was
intensified where factors were
built and men where preferred.

Answer 21

industrial era

Question 22

world of public work

Answer 22

productive sphere

Question 23

world of home

Answer 23

reproductive sphere

Question 24

derived from the Greek word Patriarkhes, which
meaning “father’s dominion.”

Answer 24

patriarchy

Question 25

It is a system predicated on the subjugation and control of women, who are seen as the weaker sex.

Answer 25

patriarchy

Question 26

It is a system that maintains male dominance in the law, at home, at work, and in society.

Answer 26

patriarchy

Question 27

Aristotle, Plato, and other Greek philosophers viewed
women as the inferior sex and are properties of men
whose only job was to obey their husbands, bear
children, and take the care of households.

Answer 27

greek

Question 28

has stringent written rules that dictate
how women should conduct themselves. The written
documents titled “Three obedience’s and four virtues”
and “Precepts of women” states that women should
only obey their father, when married she is to obey her
husband, and when widowed she is to obey her son.

Answer 28

confucianism

Question 29

Women have come a long way since the ancient times
through the _______, however, patriarchy
has taken on subtle forms of oppression.

Answer 29

feminist movement

Question 30

Patriarchal Oppressions

Answer 30

1. Gender pay gap- men earn more
   than women
2. Rape on women and the stigma making women
   ashamed to report the crime
3. Very conservative expectations on women
   on how they behave
4. Women do more housework and
   childcare etc.

Question 31

Demands of Feminism

Answer 31

1. Women suffrage
2. Equality in politics and society
3. Reproductive rights
4. Domestic violence
5. Sexual harassment

Question 32

emerged from the
need to analyze how gender, sex,
and sexuality impact our lives,
especially how it creates gender
inequality.

Answer 32

gender studies

Question 33

are “ sets of culturally defined
behaviors such as masculinity and
femininity” according to the
Encyclopedia of Sex and Gender

Answer 33

gender role

Question 34

the process of investigating
social realities.

Answer 34

social research

Question 35

As a subject of inquiry, Gender Studies
utilizes a systematic approach in
identifying problems, making
hypotheses, and assumptions, gathering
data, and making conclusions. This
systematic process is referred to as the

Answer 35

research process

Question 36

the orientation in understanding social
realities. This can be qualitative,
quantitative, or both.

Answer 36

research approach

Question 37

focuses more on the meaning created and interpretations made by people about their own personal
or vicarious (observed) experiences.

Answer 37

qualitative approach

Question 38

conducting intensive interviews
with individuals who have
experienced a particular event and
understanding their “lived
experience”;

Answer 38

phenomenology

Question 39

understanding the meaning of
texts (literary works, art
works) and what they convey
about human realities.

Answer 39

hermeneutics

Question 40

immersing in a community
and taking note of their
experiences, beliefs,
attitudes, and practices.

Answer 40

ethnography and ethnomethodology

Question 41

focuses more on characterizing a population (total number of individual in a
group) or a sample (a sub-group within the population), and in some cases, making
generalizations about the population based on the behavior of a sample.

Answer 41

quantitative approach

Question 42

collecting information from a
sample

Answer 42

survey

Question 43

creating actual set-ups to observe behavior
of people in a experimental group ( a group
receiving treatment such as training or a
new experience) and comparing it to the
behavior of people in a control group (a
group without any treatment).

Answer 43

experiment

Question 44

researches should make
sure that the participants in the study are aware
of the purpose and processes of the study they
are participating in. They should also ensure
that only those participants who agree (in
writing) will be included, and that they shall
not force any participant to join.

Answer 44

informed consent

Question 45

researches
should not reveal any information provided by
the participants, much so, their identity to anyone
who are not concerned with the study. All data
gathered from surveys or interviews should also
be placed in a secure location or filing system.

Answer 45

confidentiality and anonymity

Question 46

a study
should do no harm (non-maleficence) to anyone.
Especially in researchers involving humans, a
study should be beneficial (beneficence) for it to
be worth implementing.

Answer 46

non-maleficence and beneficence

Question 47

any study should not
disadvantage a particular group, especially the
marginalized and the oppressed (e.g., poor
people, women, LGBTQ+, the elderly). The
benefits of a study should be for all.

Answer 47

distributive justice

Question 48

is the period of transition
between childhood and
adulthood. It includes some big
changes—to the body, and to
the way a young person relates
to the world.

Answer 48

adolescence

Question 49

During this stage, children often start to grow more quickly.

These body changes can inspire curiosity and anxiety in some―especially if they do not know what to expect or
what is normal.

Early adolescents have concrete, black-and-white
thinking.

Pre-teens feel an increased need for privacy.

Answer 49

early adolescent

Question 50

Physical changes from puberty continue during middle
adolescence.

At this age, many teens become interested in romantic
and sexual relationships.

Many middle adolescents have more arguments with their
parents as they struggle for more independence.

The brain continues to change and mature in this stage,
but there are still many differences in how a normal
middle adolescent thinks compared to an adult.

Answer 50

middle adolescent

Question 51

This phase usually encompasses less physical
development and more cognitive developments.

Most have grown to their full adult height.

In this stage, young people become able to think about
ideas rationally, have impulse control and can delay
gratification, and plan for the future.

Answer 51

late adolescent

Question 52

They have a stronger sense of identity and individuality
and can identify their own values.

They also experience increased independence, emotional
stability, stability in friendships and romantic relationships,
and may also establish an “adult relationship” with
parents, looking to them less as authority figures and
more as peers.

Answer 52

late adolescent

Question 53

defined as participation in potentially health-compromising
activities with little understanding of, or in spite of an
understanding of, the possible negative consequences.

Answer 53

risk taking

Question 54

has been established as a
characteristic that exposes adolescents to threats to their
health and well-being.

Answer 54

concept of risk

Question 55

is also important as the
adolescent develops into a
mature adult.

Answer 55

guidance of family

Question 56

of adolescents live with
both parents

Answer 56

53%

Question 57

live without the mother

Answer 57

5%

Question 58

live without the father

Answer 58

20%

Question 59

live without both parents.

Answer 59

23%

Question 60

NON-SEXUAL
BEHAVIORS

Answer 60

vices

Question 61

smoking
adolescents

Answer 61

20.7%

Question 62

More than —- have used drugs

Answer 62

3:100

Question 63

have watched X-rated
movies (Rank 4)

Answer 63

3:5

Question 64

have sent or received
sex videos (Rank 2)

Answer 64

3:10

Question 65

of first premarital sex cases are
unprotected against unintended
pregnancy and sexually transmitted
infections (STI) including HIV-AIDS.

Answer 65

7:10

Question 66

play a
significant role in shaping the
way young people and
adolescents behave and lead
their lives. However, young
people have become victims of
some harmful traditional
practices, which affect their
human and reproductive rights

Answer 66

culture and tradition

Question 67

a plant grown and used worldwide. Usually people
smoke the leaves but the leaves and the stem can be
made into tea, or even cookies.

Answer 67

marijuana

Question 68

You can stay under the influence for about two or three hours. Some people become relaxed and happy whiles others feel panic or fear. User’s eyes usually become red and their throats and mouths will become dry. Appetite may increase.

Answer 68

marijuana

Question 69

Khat is a plant. The leaf and stem are used as a recreational drug and as medicine. As a recreational drug, the leaves and stem are chewed by people in East Africa and the Arabian countries.

Answer 69

mairungi

Question 70

Chewing mairungi can help someone feel more awake, confident, energetic and can also reduce hunger. In fact, many students use it when “cramming” for exams.

Answer 70

mairungi

Question 71

is the most common drug and is used worldwide. Because it is legal, often kept in the homes and comes in extremely cheap local brews, is extremely easy to use find and consume.

Answer 71

alcohol

Question 72

at first, this causes relaxation and people feel less self-conscious. After more —, and individual gets drunk; reaction time slows down and thinking straight becomes difficult. (This is why people who are drinking are often involved in car accidents).

Answer 72

alcohol

Question 73

Many young people start smoking tobacco products for different reasons including: influence of friends, seductive advertisements, and older role models like siblings’ or celebrities, to mention a few.

Answer 73

cigarettes

Question 74

Young people find — a cool thing to do, but they become addicted to one of the most addictive and dangerous substances, Nicotine, which is an active ingredient in Tobacco.

Answer 74

cigarettes

Question 75

is prepared from coca leaves which are greenish-yellow leaves of different size and appearance. — is often called the “Champagne of drugs” because of its high cost.

Answer 75

cocaine

Question 76

It makes one fell like his/her body is going very fast. —- usually comes in a white powdered form and crack looks like hard white rocks. It is usually snorted up the nose. It can be injected or smoked.

Answer 76

cocaine

Question 77

belongs to a group of pain-relieving drugs called narcotics. The drug comes from the opium poppy, a flower that grows in Asia, Mexico, and South America. —- has the consistency of white powder. Some —- is also dark brown, while — is either sticky or hard and looks like roofing tar. — is usually injected or smoked. Purer forms of —- are inhaled.

Answer 77

heroine

Question 78

re stimulants that affect a person’s system by speeding up the activity of the brain and giving energy. Ice is a strong type of —- and is very similar to crack. —- are man made drugs and relatively easy to make. Usually, they are white or light brown powder and can also come the form of a pill. “Ice” usually comes as colourless crystals or as a colourless liquid when used for injecting. It can be swallowed, snorted, injected or smoked.

Answer 78

amphetamines

Question 79

is a stimulant drug that can cause hallucinations. It is known as a designer drug because it was created for the purpose of making someone feel high. The drug is popular with teens and young adults who go to clubs, concerts, or “rave” parties.

Answer 79

ecstacy

Question 80

Users think the drug will make them feel good and keep them going for days without rest. But people who use —- don’t realize how dangerous this drug is. —- has become one of the most common illegal drugs sold on the streets. In the last few years, —- has sent many people to emergency rooms because of its dangerous side effects. —- can be swallowed (pill or tablet) or snorted (powder).

Answer 80

ecstacy

Question 81

are chemicals that can be inhaled, such as glue, gasoline, aerosol sprays, lighter fluid etc. these are not drugs as such and are, in fact, legally available from a large number of shops. However, they are abused widely by the poorer sections of society, particularly street youth.

Answer 81

inhalants and solvent