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Ocular Disease 2 > PRELIM > Flashcards

PRELIM Flashcards

1
Q

a transparent biconvex structure in the eye

A

Crystalline Lens

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2
Q

Refracting power of the lens

A

About 18-20 D

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3
Q

Functions of Lens

A

1.To maintain its own clarity
2.To provide refractive power by contributing to the optical system of the eye.
3.To provide accommodation, which allows the eye to clearly focus objects placed within 6 in. range
4.To absorb ultraviolet light

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4
Q

Lens obtains its nutrition from

A

Aqueous and Vitreous

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5
Q

What provides lens to continue grow and maintain its transparency

A

Glucose

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6
Q

Why is lens transparent?

A

It has no nuclei

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7
Q

Loss of lens transparency

A

Cataract

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8
Q

What is accommodation?

A

Lens adjustment when looking from distance to near

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9
Q

What happens during accommodation?

A

3C’s- Constriction of pupil, convergence of the eye, contraction of ciliary muscles, thickening of the lens

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10
Q

a hereditary or acquired displacement of the lens from its normal position.

A

Ectopia lentis

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11
Q

The lens may be completely dislocated.

A

Luxated

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12
Q

Partially displaced lens.

A

Subluxated

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13
Q

Tremulous lens

A

Phacodonesis

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14
Q

Acquired Ectopia Lentis

A

Trauma
Stretched Zonules
Degenerate
Anterior uveal tumors

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15
Q

Isolated Familial Ectopia Lentis

A

Ectopia Lentis et pupillae- lens and pupil in opposite position

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16
Q

AD inheritance

A

Marfans Syndrome

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17
Q

Bilateral ectopia lentis (80%); subluxation is most frequently superotemporal.

A

Marfans Syndrome

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18
Q

long fingers and toes.

A

Arachnodactyly

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19
Q

Ocular Features of Marfan Syndrome

A

Upward subluxation
Axial Myopia
Lattic Degeneration
Blue sclera
Cornea plana

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20
Q

a rare systemic connective tissue disease
Inheritance is AR or AD

A

Weill Marchesani Syndrome

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21
Q

Ectopia lentis (50%). Subluxation is in an inferior direction and occurs in late childhood or early adulthood. Microspherophakia is common, so that pupillary block with angle closure may ensue.

A

Weill Marchesani

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22
Q

Short toes and fingers

A

Brachydactyly

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23
Q

an AR disorder in which decreased enzymatic metabolism of the amino acid methionine results in systemic accumulation of methionine and homocysteine.

A

Homocystinuria

24
Q

Ocular features:
Downward subluxation

A

Homocystinuria

25
Q

Treatment for Ectopia Lentis

A

Correction spectacles
YAG laser zonulysis

26
Q

Classification of Age-related Cataract
According to Morphology

A

Subcapsular
Nuclear
Cortical
Christmas Tree

27
Q

Anterior, Posterior

A

Subcapsular

28
Q

Yellowish then brown opacification
Increasing Myopia
Exaggeration of normal nuclear ageing change

A

Nuclear

29
Q

Initially vacuoles and cleft
Radial spoke like opacities

A

Cortical

30
Q

Polychromatic, needle like opacities

A

Christmas Tree

31
Q

Stages of Cataract Progression

A

Early stage
Immature
Mature
Hypermature

32
Q

Lens remains clear but distance and near vision is slowly lost

A

Early Stage

33
Q

Symptoms of early stage cataract

A

Mild blurring of vision
Appearance of glare
Sensitivity to light

34
Q

Lens opacity is slightly noticeable and it casts a shadow

A

Immature stage

35
Q

Symptoms of Immature Stage Cataract

A

Blurred Vision
Double vision
Dimmed vision

36
Q

It becomes completely white or deep amber in color

A

Mature stage

37
Q

Symptoms of mature stage cataract

A

severe blurred of vision, dimmed vision, diplopia

38
Q

Lens become shrunken with white spots

A

Hypermature stage

39
Q

Symptoms of hypermature

A

Loss of vision

40
Q

Other causes of cataract

A

Diabetes
Myotonic Dystrophy
Atopic Dermatitis
Drug
Trauma
Secondary cataract

41
Q

Treatment for Cataract

A

Phacoemulsification
Extra-capsular cataract extraction

42
Q

Total Refractive Power of Human Eye

A

60D (40D from cornea, 20D from lens)

43
Q

Congenital Cataract important facts

A

33%- idiopathic
33%- inherited
33%- associated with systemic dse

44
Q

8 Classifications of Congenital Cataract

A

Anterior polar
Posterior polar
Lamellar
Cortical
Central pulverulent
Focal dots
Sutura
Coronary

45
Q

removal of the natural lens of the eye

A

Cataract Surgery

46
Q

involves the use of a machine with an ultrasonic handpiece equipped with a titanium or steel tip.

A

Phacoemulsification

47
Q

Most preferred method of cataract surgery

A

Phacoemulsification

48
Q

the most commonly performed procedure in developing countries

A

ECCE

49
Q

involves the removal of almost the entire natural lens while the elastic lens capsule (posterior capsule) is left intact to allow implantation of an intraocular lens

A

ECCE

50
Q

involves the removal of the lens and the surrounding lens capsule in one piece.

A

ICCE

51
Q

freezes the lens with a cryogenic substance such as liquid nitrogen

A

Cryoextraction

52
Q

FLACS

A

Femtosecond laser-assisted Cataract surgery

53
Q

For hard and dense cataract
Has larger incision

A

ECCE

54
Q

Also known as “after cataract”

A

Posterior capsular opacification

55
Q

examination of the visible retina

A

Fundoscopy

Ocular Disease 2 (3 decks)

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