Prelim Flashcards
Examples of artificial environment system
- Air Conditioning System
- Pneumatic System
Purpose of the artificial environment system
For the comfort of the passengers or to sustain their lives
Purpose of Cabin Environment System (3)
- Passenger Comfort
- Maintenance Comfort
- Prolong the Aircraft Service
The pressure inside and outside the aircraft must be ___
Equal
Each type of aircraft will have specific requirements according to the altitudes and speeds at which the aircraft is flown.
Flight Physiology
Study of how the body and mind work in a flying environment.
Flight Physiology
Study of how our organs function. And what keeps them from functioning in an abnormal environment.
Flight Physiology
An integral part of human factors and safe flight.
Flight Physiology
It has a direct effect on human performance.
Flight Physiology
Turbine Engine powered aircraft are efficient at high altitudes, but the human body is unable to exist in this cold and oxygen-deficient air.
Atmosphere
Physical mixture of gases
Atmosphere
Percentage of oxygen
21%
Percentage of nitrogen
78%
Percentage of all other gases
1%
5 Layers of the Atmosphere
- Troposphere
- Stratosphere
- Mesosphere
- Thermosphere
- Exosphere
The Layer of Atmosphere:
Layer closest to Earth’s surface.
Troposphere
The Layer of Atmosphere:
Layer closest to Earth’s surface.
Troposphere
The Layer of Atmosphere:
Cessna or smaller aircraft can be seen
Troposphere
The Layer of Atmosphere:
This is where the jet aircraft and weather balloons fly.
Stratosphere
The Layer of Atmosphere:
Larger aircraft and commercial aircraft.
Stratosphere
The Layer of Atmosphere:
Hard to study layer.
Mesosphere
The Layer of Atmosphere:
Scientists do know that meteors burn up in this layer.
Mesosphere
The Layer of Atmosphere:
Considered part of the Earth’s atmosphere.
Thermosphere
The Layer of Atmosphere:
Air density is low that most of this layer is what is normally thought of as outer space.
Thermosphere
The Layer of Atmosphere:
Aurora, spacecraft
Thermosphere
The Layer of Atmosphere:
Highest layer and extremely thin
Exosphere
The Layer of Atmosphere:
Where the atmosphere merges into outer space.
Exosphere
The Layer of Atmosphere:
Satellites
Exosphere
Must be continually supplied with food and oxygen.
Human Respiration and Circulation
Must have their waste carried away and removed from the body.
Human Respiration and Circulation
Human Respiration and Circulation:
The lungs expand and the atmospheric pressure forces air into fill them.
Understand
Human Respiration and Circulation:
Two importance considerations in providing sufficient oxygen:
o Enough oxygen
o Sufficient pressure
Prioritize
Human Respiration and Circulation:
Abnormal breathing if oxygen is not properly supplied.
Hypoxia (Flight)
To provide pure oxygen to supplement the ever-decreasing amount of oxygen available in the atmosphere.
Oxygen System
To pressurize the aircraft to create an atmosphere that is like experienced naturally at lower altitudes.
Oxygen System
Designed to store or to generate a supply of pure oxygen and to regulate, dilute as required, and then distribute that oxygen to crew or passengers.
Oxygen System
Types of Oxygen System:
At normal room temperature and pressure.
Compressed Gas
Types of Oxygen System:
Contained under pressure, usually in the cylinder.
Compressed Gas
Types of Oxygen System:
A device used to provide oxygen therapy to people that require greater oxygen concentrations.
Portable Oxygen Concentrator
Types of Oxygen System:
Acts as a nebulizer
Portable Oxygen Concentrator
Types of Oxygen System:
Oxygen can be made liquid by lowering the temperature to below -183 Celsius or by placing gaseous oxygen under pressure.
Liquid Oxygen System
One of the artificial environments
Aircraft Pressurization System
Achieved by directing air into the cabin from either the compressor section of a jet engine, from a turbo-supercharger, or from an auxiliary compressor.
Aircraft Pressurization System
Air is ___, and the aerodynamic drag is ___ in high altitudes.
- thin
- low
Deals with compressed air or pressurized gas as a source of power.
Pneumatic
The gas that is used in a pneumatic system.
Air
Sources of pneumatic power, pressurized air:
- Engine
- APU
- GPU
Sources of pneumatic power, pressurized air:
Provides enough air for combustion purposes and for the pneumatic system.
Engine
Sources of pneumatic power, pressurized air:
Airflow is continuously entering (relative wind)
Engine
Sources of pneumatic power, pressurized air:
Used most of the time to pressurized
Engine
Sources of pneumatic power, pressurized air:
Used when the engine starts because the engine does not have a continuous airflow yet.
APU
Sources of pneumatic power, pressurized air:
For emergency situations with limited power.
APU
Sources of pneumatic power, pressurized air:
If ___ is not enough ram air turbine can be a back-up
APU
Sources of pneumatic power, pressurized air:
If APU is not enough ____ can be a back-up
Ram Air Turbine
Sources of pneumatic power, pressurized air:
Delivered via connectors, the High-Pressure Ground Connectors.
GPU
Sources of pneumatic power, pressurized air:
Ground power unit
GPU
Sources of pneumatic power, pressurized air:
External power
GPU
Sources of pneumatic power, pressurized air:
Used in ground only
GPU
Sources of pneumatic power, pressurized air:
Used for maintenance
GPU
On aircraft pneumatic energy is used for: (5)
- Engine starting
- Cabin pressurization and air conditions
- Wing anti-icing
- Water reservoir pressurization
- Hydraulic reservoir pressurization
Reciprocating Engine Aircraft:
Pressurization air for smaller piston-engine aircraft is provided by ___ from the engine turbochargers.
Bleed air
Turbine Engine Aircraft:
A good source of air to pressurize the cabin.
Compressor
Turbine Engine Aircraft:
The air from the compressor in a turbine engine provides ___ aside from pressurization.
Heat
Turbine Engine Aircraft:
___ may be used directly, or it may be used to drive a turbo compressor.
Compressor bleed air
Electronic regulators and electrically actuated outflow valves perform the same function as pneumatic systems, only the ____ is different.
Power source
Electrical signals are sent to the cabin pressure controller from the cockpit control panel to set the:
o Mode of operation,
o Desired cabin altitude
o Either standard or local barometric pressure.
Electronic Regulators
Electronic Regulators:
Electrical signals are sent to the cabin pressure controller from the cockpit control panel to set the:
o Mode of operation,
o Desired cabin altitude
o Either standard or local barometric pressure.
To keep the aircraft cabin pressure at a safe level, any incoming air is held within the cabin.
Outflow Valve
The engines produce ___ to fly the aircraft.
Thrust
If ___ is increased pressure increases as well.
Thrust
If thrust is increased ___ increases as well.
Pressure
2 Valves of Pneumatic System Schematic
- Pressure Regulator/Bleed Valve
* Built-In Pre-cooler (Fan-Air Valve)
Distribution Components
- Wing duct (left and right)
- Pylon duct (left and right)
- APU duct
- Crossover duct (cross bleed manifold)
- Pneumatic ducts
Distribution Components:
Crossover duct is also known as
Cross bleed manifold
Distribution Components:
The pneumatic ducts are monitored by a?
Leak Detection System
Pressurization and Zones:
Areas that are pressurized:
- Cockpit
- Passenger compartment
- Avionics computer and cargo
Pressurization and Zones:
Areas that are not pressurized
- Radome
- Landing gear bays
- Tail cone
A flight hazard that destroys the smooth airflow across the aircraft’s lifting and control surfaces.
Ice
A flight hazard that decreases their ability to produce lift, increases the weight of the aircraft, and increases induced drag.
Ice
A hazard that affects the pilot’s ability to see clearly.
Rain
Deals with the operating and maintaining of aircraft ice prevention and removal system.
Ice and Rain Protection
Deals with procedures and equipment for ground ice and snow removal.
Ice and Rain Protection
Ice Formation and Classification:
This is reduced when the aircraft operates in the rain during take-off or approach.
Reduce Visibility
Ice Formation and Classification:
To solve reduced visibility, there are two systems in the aircraft.
o A windshield wiper for each pilot
o A rain repellant system
Ice Formation and Classification:
The aerodynamic quality of the aircraft is reduced.
Ice Buildup
Ice Formation and Classification:
The aircraft weight increases
Ice Buildup
Ice Formation and Classification:
Effects of Ice Buildup
o The aerodynamic quality of the aircraft is reduced
o Its weight increases
Ice Formation and Classification:
The engine can also get problems and the ice can block the ____ for the air data system.
Probes
Ice Formation and Classification:
___ on the windshields will decrease the visibility more than the rain.
Ice
Ice Formation and Classification:
Types of ice differ in their way of building up and structure.
Classification of Ice
Ice Formation and Classification:
Clouds have no ice but have ___ water droplets.
Supercooled
Ice Formation and Classification:
When clouds’ water droplets hit the aircraft, they change from ___ to ___.
- Liquid water
- Solid ice
Ice Formation and Classification: It affects the following aircraft parts: o Wings airplanes o Rotors of helicopters o Propellers o Stabilizer of airplanes o Stabilizers of helicopters
Clear Ice or Glaze
Ice Formation and Classification:
This is produced when temperature of the droplets is between 0 and -10 degrees Celsius.
Clear Ice or Glaze
Ice Formation and Classification:
Where does the ice buildup (clear ice) begins?
Leading edge of the surface.
Ice Formation and Classification:
This is produced when the temperature of the droplets is below -10 degrees Celsius.
Rime Ice
Ice Formation and Classification:
These are very cold droplets that freeze immediately and build up on the leading edge only.
Rime Ice
Ice Formation and Classification:
When you fly at a higher speed in this condition, the rime ice layer forms a typical ____ shape.
Double horn
Ice Formation and Classification:
Builds on the surface of aircraft that are packed outside in the cold nights.
Frost
Ice Formation and Classification:
Frosts can have negative effects: (3)
o Decrease of lift
o Increase of weight
o Increase of drag
These are pieces of dirt that may damage the fan blades or inlet blades.
Engine Ice Formation
A disturbed airflow reduces the performance of the engine and can lead to a ___.
Compressor stall
Ice Formation and Classification (6)
- Reduce Visibility
- Ice Buildup
- Classification of Ice
- Clear Ice or Glaze
- Rime Ice
- Frost
Types of Oxygen (3)
- Compressed Gas
- Portable Oxygen Concentrator
- Liquid Oxygen System
Types of Ice Detection (3)
- Thermal Anti-Ice System
- Electronic Ice Detector
- Optical Ice Detector
Types of Ice Detection:
Can only do their task when they are switched on before any ice build-ups during flights.
Thermal Anti-Ice System
Types of Ice Detection:
It is not permitted to keep this system on all the time. Because taking hot air from the engines reduces their performance and economy.
Thermal Anti-Ice System
Types of Ice Detection:
It works by manually pressing the corresponding buttons on the control panel.
Thermal Anti-Ice System
Types of Ice Detection:
Thermal Anti-Ice System -
Source of thermal air
Pneumatic and electrical air
Types of Ice Detection:
Installed near the air data probes and therefore not visible to the pilot.
Electronic Ice Detector
Types of Ice Detection:
When this component detects ice, it generates a message in the cockpit and can automatically activate the ice protection system.
Electronic Ice Detector
Types of Ice Detection:
Visual indicator
Optical ice Detector
Types of Ice Detection:
When the pilots see ice on this detector, then there is probably ice on the other parts of the aircraft. Therefore, pilots must switch on the thermal anti-ice system.
Optical ice Detector
Types of Ice Detection:
Front windscreens where it is in sight of both pilots.
Optical ice Detector
Removal of ice buildup.
De-Icing
Prevention of ice buildup.
Anti-Icing
Ice protection that is mainly performed on the ground when the aircraft is made ready for its journey.
De-Icing
Types of De-Icing (4)
- Pneumatic De-Icing
- Electrical De-Icing
- Chemical De-Icing
- Hot Air De-Icing
Types of De-Icing:
Used in propeller-driven airplanes and some helicopters in flight.
Pneumatic De-Icing
Types of De-Icing:
Pneumatic de-icing system usually uses this at the leading edges of the wing and the stabilizers, which normally have the shape of the leading-edge structure.
Rubber boots
Types of De-Icing:
Used in some airplanes and some large helicopters in flight.
Electrical De-Icing
Types of De-Icing:
Each heated stall has its own temperature control circuit.
Electrical De-Icing
Types of De-Icing: Its components are: o Heating mats in the slats o Control unit o Temperature sensors
Electrical De-Icing
Types of De-Icing:
Components of Electrical De-Icing (3)
o Heating mats in the slats
o Control unit
o Temperature sensors
Types of De-Icing:
Applied on airplanes to remove frost from the airfoil and the fuselage on the ground.
Chemical De-Icing
Types of De-Icing:
Commonly performed in both commercial and general aviation.
Chemical De-Icing
Types of De-Icing:
Chemical De-Icing fluids (2)
De-icing or anti-icing fluids
Types of De-Icing:
Mixture of glycol and water
Chemical De-Icing
Types of De-Icing:
Chemical De-Icing -
Prevents a new ice build-up for a limited time, depending on the weather conditions.
Anti-icing fluids
Types of De-Icing:
Applied on airplanes to remove frost from specific devices on the ground.
Hot Air De-Icing
Types of De-Icing:
Chemical de-icing can damage some engine types. For this reason, this system is used instead.
Hot Air De-Icing
Types of De-Icing:
(Hot Air De-Icing)
Releases hot air
Hot air blower
Types of De-Icing:
Other critical devices that may be damaged in de -icing process (3)
o APU inlet and exhaust
o Carbon Brakes
o Radome
Ice protection that is mainly performed during flight.
Anti-Icing
Types of Anti-Icing (5)
- Pneumatic/Hot Air Anti-Icing
- Hot Oil Anti-Icing
- Chemical Anti-Icing
- Electrical Anti-Icing
- Telescoping Duct
Types of Anti-Icing:
Applied in flight
Pneumatic/Hot Air Anti-Icing
Types of Anti-Icing:
(Pneumatic/Hot Air Anti-Icing)
Uses hot air which is already regulated by the bleed valve of the pneumatic system.
Wing Anti-Ice
Types of Anti-Icing:
(Pneumatic/Hot Air Anti-Icing)
Uses bleed air from the corresponding engine.
Engine Anti-Ice
Types of Anti-Icing:
(Pneumatic/Hot Air Anti-Icing)
Must make sure that ice pieces from the fuselage do not hit the engine.
Centre Engines
Types of Anti-Icing:
Used in some small airplanes after and in helicopters
Hot Oil Anti-Icing
Types of Anti-Icing:
Used for engine anti-icing
Hot Oil Anti-Icing
Types of Anti-Icing:
This system leads the hot oil from the engine through hollow struts in the engine air intake.
Hot Oil Anti-Icing
Types of Anti-Icing:
The struts heat up to prevent icing of the air intake area.
Hot Oil Anti-Icing
Types of Anti-Icing:
Applied on airplanes after de-icing on ground and on some propeller driven airplanes in flight.
Chemical Anti-Icing
Types of Anti-Icing:
Used in some propeller-driven aircraft
Chemical Anti-Icing
Types of Anti-Icing:
Used in all aircraft in flight
Electrical Anti-Icing
Types of Anti-Icing:
A probe heat system prevents blocking of data probes.
Electrical Anti-Icing
Types of Anti-Icing:
(Electrical Anti-Icing)
It prevents blocking of data probes.
Probe heat system
Types of Anti-Icing:
A window heat system prevents ice on the windshield that would reduce visibility.
Electrical Anti-Icing
Types of Anti-Icing:
A line and drain mast heat system prevents frozen water lines.
Electrical Anti-Icing
Types of Anti-Icing:
(Electrical Anti-Icing)
It prevents ice on the windshield that would reduce visibility.
Window heat system
Types of Anti-Icing:
(Electrical Anti-Icing)
It prevents frozen water lines.
Line and drain mast heat system
Types of Anti-Icing:
Necessary to supply the wing anti-ice duct.
Telescoping Duct
Types of Anti-Icing:
Is short when the slats are retracted
Telescoping Duct
Types of Anti-Icing:
Is long when slats are extended.
Telescoping Duct
Types of Anti-Icing:
Used for jet aircraft/engines
Telescoping Duct
Types of Anti-Icing:
Telescoping Duct is ___ when the slats are retracted.
short
Types of Anti-Icing:
Telescoping Duct is ___ when slats are extended.
long
Types of Anti-Icing:
Telescoping Duct is short when the slats are ___.
retracted
Types of Anti-Icing:
Telescoping Duct is long when slats are ___.
extended
Results of Ice Buildup (6)
- Poor aerodynamic
- More aircraft weight
- Engine problems
- Blocked air data probes
- Reduced visibility
- Frozen water lines
Rain Removal Systems (2)
- Windshield wiper
- Rain Repellant
Rain Removal Systems:
Removes water mechanically.
Windshield Wiper
Rain Removal Systems:
Rain repellant fluid or special windshield coating.
Rain Repellant
Rain Removal Systems:
Mixture of glycol and water
Rain Repellant
Rain Removal Systems:
Rain Repellant is a mixture of
Glycol and water
Aircraft Oxygen Systems (3)
- Crew oxygen system
- Passenger oxygen system
- Portable oxygen system
A system that is used when there is depressurization or accidents.
Aircraft Oxygen System
As the altitude increases the air pressure and density of air ____.
Decreases
The volume you breathe stays the same but at about ___ ft. the amount of usable oxygen has halved.
18,000
At this altitude, you would have trouble staying alive.
18,000 ft.
At ___ ft. the amount of usable oxygen you inhale is about a quarter of that at sea level.
33,000
Loss of cabin pressure.
Rapid decompression
When the AC is cruising, the cabin pressure is maintained at about ____ ft.
8,000
At what feet humans compensate for the lack of oxygen by breathing faster.
10,000 ft.
At what feet the first effects of altitude will show, such as exhaustion and sleepiness.
14,000 ft.
At what feet is the zone of incomplete compensation.
15,000-20,000 ft.
At 15,000-20,000 ft. what are the zone of incomplete compensation
o Loss of concentration o Partial memory loss o Feel a sense of well being o Muscle would ache o Loss of judgment
Types of Oxygen (3)
- Aviators Breathing Oxygen
- Medical Oxygen
- Technical Oxygen
At low temperatures, any moisture in our oxygen would ___.
freeze
Characteristics of Oxygen:
Used on aircraft because it is very dry
Aviators Breathing Oxygen
Characteristics of Oxygen:
Never used on aircraft as it contains water droplets and would therefore freeze.
Medical Oxygen
Characteristics of Oxygen:
Used in the medical field.
Medical Oxygen
Characteristics of Oxygen:
Should never be used for breathing as it is contaminated.
Technical Oxygen
Characteristics of Oxygen:
Used in welding.
Technical Oxygen
Characteristics of Oxygen:
For industrial work.
Technical Oxygen
Characteristics of Oxygen (3)
- Invisible/dry
- Odorless
- Non-flammable
It supplies the cockpit crew with oxygen it is always available.
Crew Oxygen System
Types of Aircraft Oxygen System:
It consists of 1 or more high-pressure oxygen bottles (4 maximum). These are stored in the lower deck, either in the avionics compartment or in the cargo compartment.
Crew Oxygen System
Where does the crew oxygen system locate?
Avionics compartment or cargo compartment (typically on the left hand).
Types of Aircraft Oxygen System:
Attached to each bottle is a pressure regulator.
Crew Oxygen System
Oxygen is stored in cylinders known as ___.
Oxygen bottles
Oxygen bottles are made up of? (2)
- Steel alloy
- Composite material: Kevlar
What color are oxygen bottles?
Dark Green
Oxygen bottles store ___ psi.
1850-1900
Each oxygen bottle has a slow-opening shut-off valve that opens and closes the bottle. The valve should either be ___.
fully opened or fully closed
Oxygen Bottles:
A disk which is a safety device is also known as
Frangible Disk
Oxygen Bottles:
If the frangible disk is damaged, what color will be shown in the discharge indicator?
Yellow
Oxygen Bottles:
If the frangible disk is normal, what color will be shown in the discharge indicator?
Green
Oxygen Bottles:
What does the direct reading pressure gauge indicate?
The bottle pressure
Oxygen Bottles:
What indicates the bottle pressure?
The direct reading pressure gauge
Oxygen Bottles:
What controls the psi that will flow to the oxygen mask of the pilots.
Pressure regulator transmitter assembly
Oxygen Bottles:
What is the pressure range of the oxygen received by pilots?
65-94 psi.
Oxygen Bottles:
What shows the psi of the oxygen bottle?
Door/Oxy ECAM page
Oxygen Bottles:
What is the use of the door/oxy ECAM page?
It shows the psi of the oxygen bottle.
- The oxygen is transported to the cockpit via lines and manifold.
- A pressure regulator is located near the oxygen bottles to reduce the length of high-pressure lines.
Distribution
Distribution:
The oxygen is transported to the cockpit via ____.
lines and manifold
Distribution:
A pressure regulator is located near the oxygen bottles to reduce the ____.
length of high-pressure lines
Distribution:
Where is the pressure regulator located?
Near the oxygen bottles
Distribution:
Green indication
Normal
Distribution:
Amber indication
Low pressure
Distribution:
Yellow indication
Overpressure
Types of Aircraft Oxygen System:
Pilot of Crew Oxygen System:
Has a microphone connector.
Crew Oxygen Mask
Types of Aircraft Oxygen System:
Pilot of Crew Oxygen System:
How many seconds can a flight crew put their mask on?
5 seconds
Types of Aircraft Oxygen System:
Pilot of Crew Oxygen System:
• The mask itself consists of a quick donning mask:
o Harness (inflatable)
o Facepiece
o Microphone
Types of Aircraft Oxygen System:
Pilot of Crew Oxygen System:
Diluter demand regulator (3 selection)
- Normal
- 100% oxygen
- Emergency
Types of Aircraft Oxygen System:
Pilot of Crew Oxygen System:
Crew Oxygen Mask parts (5)
- Smoke goggles
- Integrated microphone
- Harness inflation control valve
- Press to test/emergency knob
- N-100% lever
Types of Aircraft Oxygen System:
Pilot of Crew Oxygen System:
Pull the grip of the mask to inflate the harness
Access
Types of Aircraft Oxygen System:
Pilot of Crew Oxygen System:
Where is the crew oxygen mask located?
Stowage box, side console (near the armrest of the pilot)
Types of Aircraft Oxygen System:
Pilot of Crew Oxygen System:
Where is the location of the crew oxygen bottle?
Lower deck or avionics compartment
Types of Aircraft Oxygen System:
It is only used if the cabin depressurized.
Passenger Oxygen System
Types of Aircraft Oxygen System:
Passenger Oxygen System:
Where are oxygen masks located?
- Every seat (passenger service unit)
- All lavatories
- Every attendant station
Types of Aircraft Oxygen System:
Passenger Oxygen System:
PSU means
Passenger service unit
Types of Aircraft Oxygen System:
Passenger Oxygen System:
It is ____ supplied if cabin depressurization occurs.
automatically
Types of Aircraft Oxygen System:
Passenger Oxygen System:
How long is the oxygen supply available?
15 minutes
Types of Aircraft Oxygen System:
Passenger Oxygen System:
System activation
- The system is normally activated automatically by a pressure switch in the pressurized area.
- Manually switch the “masked man on”.
- The flight crew can use the manual release tool to activate the oxygen supply
- Must be pulled by the passengers
Types of Aircraft Oxygen System:
Passenger Oxygen System:
2 ways that oxygen is supplied to the system
- Chemical System
- Gaseous System
Types of Aircraft Oxygen System:
Normally stored in the cockpit and near the exits in the passenger compartment.
Portable Oxygen System
Types of Aircraft Oxygen System:
It provides a portable supply of breathing oxygen that is independent of the fixed systems.
Portable Oxygen System
Types of Aircraft Oxygen System:
It is intended for emergency and first-aid use.
Portable Oxygen System
Types of Aircraft Oxygen System:
2 types of Portable Oxygen Systems
- Portable breathing equipment (PBE)
- Portable oxygen bottle
Turbine Engine Aircraft:
A good source of air to pressurize the cabin.
Compressor in a turbine engine
Turbine Engine Aircraft:
What does hot air provides? (2)
Pressurization and heat
Turbine Engine Aircraft:
Compressor bleed air may be used (2)
- Directly
- Drive a turbo compressor
Turbine Engine Aircraft:
Used directly or may be used to drive a turbo compressor.
Compressor bleed air
Turbine Engine Aircraft:
It flows through the nozzle of a jet pump at a high velocity.
Compressor bleed air
Turbine Engine Aircraft:
It draws air in from the outside of the aircraft
Compressor bleed air
Turbine Engine Aircraft:
Taken in and compressed
Outside air
Turbine Engine Aircraft:
It is mixed with the engine compressor bleed air that has been used to drive the turbo compressor.
Outside air
Turbine Engine Aircraft:
It enters the cabin after being mixed with engine compressor bleed air.
Outside air
Turbine Engine Aircraft:
Process of the outside air before it enters the cabin (3)
- Taken in
- Compressed
- Mixed with the engine compressor bleed air
