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psych 101 > prelim 1 > Flashcards

prelim 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Middlemist, Knowles, & Matter (1977) study

A

urinal study, if personal space invasions in bathroom lead to arousal

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2
Q

limits of observational studies

A

Purely observational behavioral/self-report measures by themselves
can provide good data.
• But they cannot determine causality

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3
Q

“shapa” scale

A

by dan ariely, scale with no numbers, uses data from over a week and just uses colors

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4
Q

Electroencephalography (EEG)

A

measures electrical activity
in the brain
fairly non intrusive

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5
Q

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)

A

measure of blood flow to areas
of brain (oxygenation)
• correlational
expensive

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6
Q

Transcranial Magnetic

Stimulation (TMS)

A 
Electromagnetic induction
over scalp
• Disrupts neuronal activity in
targeted region
• (For now) penetration is
limited to 5-6 cm deep
• minor side-effects
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7
Q

developmental methods

A

Cross-sectional (e.g., compare 3 yr. olds to 5 yr. olds)
• Longitudinal (e.g., look at kids at age 3, then again at age 5).
• Twin Studies (identical vs. fraternal, reared together vs. reared
apart)
• Experimental methods

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8
Q

Implicit Associations Test
(Greenwald, McGhee &
Schwartz, 1998)

A

Measures association between
concepts
• e.g., race, age, gender and “good”
vs. “bad”

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9
Q

triangulating

A

looking across multiple levels of analysis,

using various methods.

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10
Q

neuroscience

A

is the study of the brain (the structure and function of the nervous
system)

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11
Q

psychology

A

is the study of the mind

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12
Q

The “Astonishing Hypothesis”

A

everything you are is just a behavior of neuron cells, you are just a pack of neurons

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13
Q

philosophical dualism

A

The belief that while bodies are

physical, minds are immaterial. soul separate from body

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14
Q

intuitive dualism

A

we possess our body and our brains, we are intimately related to them, but they are not what we are

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15
Q

how many neurons

A

About 86,000,000,000

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16
Q

sensory neurons

A

affarent

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17
Q

motor neurons

A

efferent neurons

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18
Q

intensity is expressed by

A

number of neurons firing and

frequency of firing

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19
Q

neurotransmitters

A

Chemical messengers that send

signals across neurons

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20
Q

Acetylcholine

A

stimulates muscle movement, memory, arousal, attention, mood

21
Q

dopamine

A

one of four neurotransmitters called monoamines, produces both excitatory and inhibitory
effects and is involved in several functions, including learning, attention, and
movement,
feeling of reward, pleasure and addiction

22
Q

Serotonin

A

regulating mood, sleep, impulsivity, aggression, and appetite

23
Q

Norepinephrine

A

affects eating habits (it stimulates the intake of carbohydrates) and plays a major role in
alertness and wakefulness.

24
Q

GABA

A

main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain

25
Q

Endorphins

A

relief from pain or the stress of vigorous exercise and produce feelings of pleasure and
well-being

26
Q

How Drugs Affect Neurotransmitters

A

nfluence the chemical precursors of a transmitter substance
• prevent the storage of the transmitter substance in vesicles
• inhibit or stimulate the release of the transmitter substance
• block postsynaptic receptors
• block reuptake of free-floating transmitter substance

27
Q

amphetamine psychosis

A

(delusions and hallucinations) too much dopamine

28
Q

Schizophrenia

A

delusions and hallucinations w/o meth, reduce dopamine to fix

29
Q

tardive dyskinesia

A

not enough dopamine, uncontrollable body movements, shaking

30
Q

Parkinson’s Disease

A

uncontrollable bodily movement, treat with more dopamine

31
Q

neuroplasticity

A

Changes in the physical structure and functional organization of the brain
due to experience

32
Q

Gazzaniga And Split-Brain Patients

A

severed corpus callosum

33
Q

Sensation

A

acquiring basic/raw information about the world through the five
senses

34
Q

Perception

A

making sense of the information, changing it into something

useful

35
Q

How Do We Determine What

Is An Object?

A 
proximity 
similarity
closure
good continuation
common movement
good form
36
Q

Shepard Tone (Auditory Illusion)

A

sounds like constantly increasing tone

37
Q

• Binocular disparity

A

images
giving slightly different info to
each eye

38
Q

Convergence

A

at close
distances, how much your eye
is “crossed” gives the brain info
about depth.

39
Q

muller-lyer illusion

A

bottom line same length as top even though arrows make look different

40
Q

ponzo illusion

A

railroad lines longer

41
Q

ebbinghaus illusion

A

circles, inner circle looks bigger around smaller circles, smaller around big circles

42
Q

the mcgurk effect

A

bah bah bah dah dah dah

43
Q

Higher cognitive processes

A

thought, judgment, beliefs, desires, etc

44
Q

Lower cognitive processes:

A

sensation, perception, attention`

45
Q

bottom up

A

most general, sensations and then judgements

46
Q

Linguistic relativism:

A

the view that the language we speak constrains our

perception and cognition. (Also known as the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis)

47
Q

Berg & Toch (1964):

A

inmates, impulsuve vs neurotic, which more likely to see violent image

48
Q

Bruner And Goodman (1946)

A

rich vs poor kids on size of coin

psych 101 (1 decks)

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