Prelim 1-3

Question 1

the science and
practice dealing
with the effective
collection, storage,
retrieval, and use of
information.

Answer 1

Information science

Question 2

The energy and raw material transformed by the
system

Answer 2

Input

Question 3

The process used by the system to convert raw
materials or energy from the environment into
products that are usable by either the system
itself or the environment.

Answer 3

Throughput

Question 4

The product or service, which results from the system’s
throughput or processing of technical, social, financial and
human input

Answer 4

Output

Question 4

Information about some aspect of data or energy
processing that can be used to evaluate and monitor the
system and to guide it to more effective performance.

Answer 4

Feedback

Question 4

A system which is a part of a larger system. They can work
parallel to each other or in a series with each other

Answer 4

Subsystem

Question 5

Neither system elements nor the system itself changes much over time
in relation to the environment

Answer 5

Static system

Question 5

Dynamic system

Answer 5

The system constantly changes the environment and is changed by the
environment

Question 6

Fixed, automatic relationships among system components and no give
or take with the environment.

Answer 6

Closed systems

Question 6

Interacts with the environment trading energy and raw material for
goods and services produced by the system. They are self- regulating,
and capable of growth, development and adaptation.

Answer 6

Open systems

Question 6

The overall purpose for the existence or the desired outcomes. The reason for being.
Currently, many organizations put their goals into a mission statement.

Answer 6

Goal

Question 7

The line or point where a system or subsystem can be differentiated from its
environment or from other subsytems. Can be rigid or permeable or some point in
between. Systems or subsytems will engage in boundary tending.

Answer 7

Boundary

Question 7

The tendency for a system to develop order and energy over time

Answer 7

Entropy

Question 7

Objectives can be
achieved with varying
inputs and in different
ways

Answer 7

equifinality

Question 8

The activities and processes used to evaluate input, throughput and output in order to
make corrections

Answer 8

Control or
cybernation

Question 8

those forces that counter the driving forces. They
hinder change because they push the patient in the opposite direction. They
cause a shift in the equilibrium that opposes change.

Answer 8

restraining forces

Question 8

The tendency of system to lose energy and dissolve into chaos

Answer 8

Negentrop

Question 8

those that push in a direction that causes change to occur.
They cause a shift in the equilibrium towards change.

Answer 8

• Driving forces

Question 8

a state of being where driving forces equal restraining forces,
and no change occurs. It can be raised or lowered by changes that occur
between the driving and restraining forces.

Answer 8

Equilibrium

Question 9

the process which involves finding a method of making it possible for people
to let go of an old pattern that was somehow counterproductive. Example, embracing
nursing informatics towards improved healthcare, which will require intensive trainings of all
staff — the young and the old.

Answer 9

Unfreezing

Question 10

moving to a new level” or “movement” involves a
process of change in thoughts, feeling, behavior, or all three, that is in some way more
liberating or more productive.

Answer 10

The change stage

Question 10

establishing the change as the new habit, so that it now becomes the
“standard operating procedure”. Without this final stage, it can be easy for the patient to go
back to old habits

Answer 10

The refreezing stage

Question 11

. Is the recognition of the need for change and the
dissolution of previously held patterns of behavior

Answer 11

Unfreezing

Question 11

the shift of behavior toward a new and more healthful
pattern (also called the “change stage”)

Answer 11

Movement

Question 12

“the scientific study of
control and communication in the animal, machine, and society”.

Answer 12

Cybernetics

Question 12

the long- term solidification of the new pattern of
behavior

Answer 12

Refreezing

Question 13

means ‘steering’ and ‘governor’
in latin.

Answer 13

kubernetes

Question 14

does not know anything about the subject he/she is approaching and has to
memorize its context-free features. The novice is then given rules for determining an action
on the basis of these features.

Answer 14

novice

Question 15

a trait shown by people who use a personal, goal-oriented approach to
skill and knowledge development – they devote themselves to engage in progressively
higher, and ultimately expert performance. This requires years of sustained effort to
continually improve the quality of their practice and performance within the skill – in this case,
in nursing informatics skills.

Answer 15

Deliberate practice

Question 16

still dependent on rules, but as he/she gains more experience with
real-life situations, he/she begins to notice additional aspects that can be applied to related
conditions

Answer 16

Advanced Beginner

Question 17

grasps all the relevant rules and facts of the field and is,
for the first time, able to bring his/her own judgment to each case. This is the stage of
learning that is often characterized by the term - problem-solving

Answer 17

Competent

Question 18

called fluency and is characterized by the progress of the learner from the
stepby-step analysis and solving of the situation to the holistic perception of the entirety of
the situation.

Answer 18

Proficient

Question 19

repertoire of experienced situations is so vast that normally each specific
situation immediately dictates an intuitively appropriate action.

Answer 19

Expert

Question 19

provides expert advice, opinions, and
recommendations based on his or her area of expertise. Flexibility, good communication
skills, excellent interpersonal skills, and extensive clinical and informatics knowledge are
highly desirable skill sets that the NI consultant need

Answer 19

Consultant

Question 19

the INS is responsible for the planning and
implementation of informatics projects. The INS uses the skills of communication, change
management, process analysis, risk assessment, scope definition, and team building. This role
acts as the liaison among clinicians, management, IS personnel, stakeholders, vendors, and all
other interested parties.

Answer 19

Project manager

Question 19

participates in the design,
production, and marketing of new informatics solutions. An understanding of business and
nursing is essential in this role

Answer 19

Products developer

Question 19

The success or failure of an informatics solution can be directly related to the
education and training that is provided for end users

Answer 19

educator

Question 20

entails conducting research (especially data mining) to create
new informatics and clinical knowledge. Research may range from basic informatics research to
developing clinical decision support tools for nurses

Answer 20

Researcher

Question 21

combine their passion, skills, and
knowledge to develop marketable business ideas by analyzing nursing information needs and
developing and marketing solutions

Answer 21

entrepreneur

Question 22

s may work at varying levels and serve as a link
between nursing and information services in healthcare organizations.

Answer 22

Clinical anaylyst/systems specialist

Question 22

use tools to maintain data integrity and reliability. Contributing to
the development of a nursing knowledge base is an integral component of this role.

Answer 22

Decision support/outcomes manager

Question 22

advocating for the patients and healthcare
systems and developing the infrastructure of health policy. Policy development on local,
national, and international levels is an integral part

Answer 22

Advocate/policy developer

Question 23

s the process of scientifically and statistically evaluating data
in order to determine whether they meet the quality required for projects or business
processes and are of the right type and quantity to be able to actually support their intended
use. It can be considered a set of guidelines and techniques that are used to describe data,
given an application context, and to apply processes to assess and improve the quality of
data

Answer 23

Data Quality Assessment

Question 24

An emerging sub-discipline of education and informatics that “incorporates new
technologies and learning strategies to enhance the capture, organization and utilization of
information within the field of education