PRELIM 1 Flashcards
What are the 4 blocks of Nursing Informatics?
computer science, cognitive science, information science and nursing science
defined as a specialty that integrates nursing science, computer science, and information science to manage and communicate data, information, knowledge and wisdom in nursing practice
Nursing Informatics
What are the three characteristics a nurse must possess?
Nurses must possess the (1) technical skills to manage equipment and perform procedures; the (2) interpersonal skills to interact appropriately with people; and the (3) cognitive skills to observe, recognize, collect, analyze, and interpret data to reach a reasonable conclusion, which forms the basis of a decision
Nursing is what kind of profession?
information-intensive profession
What is the focus of nursing?
The focus of nursing is on human responses to actual or potential health problems and advocacy for various clients.
it focuses on the ethical application of knowledge acquired through education, research, and practice to provide services interventions to patients to maintain, enhance, or restore their health to acquire, process, generate, and disseminate nursing knowledge to advance the nursing profession.
Nursing Science
-is composed of data that were processed using knowledge
-data made functional through the application of knowledge
Information
In the knowledge model, what composes the base?
Bits, Bytes, Data, and Information in random representation
What are the three cons in the knowledge model?
- KA – Knowledge Acquisition
- KD – Knowledge Dissemination
- KG – Knowledge Generation
it is the awareness and understanding of a set of information and ways that this information can be made useful to support a specific task or arrive at a decision.
Knowledge
In the knowledge model, it is located in the cone in the intersection of the 3 cones
Knowledge Processing
Rotating Figure around the cones in knowledge model
Feedback
The proponents of Knowledge Domain Process Process
Evans and Alleyne (2009)
-knowledge acquirers (capture and store)
-knowledge users (viable, valuable application)
-knowledge engineers (design, develop, implement, maintain)
-knowledge managers (process and distribution)
-knowledge developers and generators (change and evolve knowledge based on the information available,)
-knowledge acquirers (capture and store)
-knowledge users (viable, valuable application)
-knowledge engineers (design, develop, implement, maintain)
-knowledge managers (process and distribution)
-knowledge developers and generators (change and evolve knowledge based on the information available,)
like all all models, it is an abstraction aimed at making complex systems more easily understood, While the model presents knowledge process in a structured and simplified form, the nature and structure of the process themselves may be open to debate.
Knowledge Domain Process (KDP) Model – developed by Evans and Alleyne (2009)
He offered his insight about Knowledge Management
Mason (2020)
it undertakes to identify what is in essence a human asset buried in the minds and hard drives of individuals working in an organization. This also requires a system that will allow the creation of new knowledge, a dissemination system that will reach every employee, with the ability to package knowledge as value-added in products, services and systems.
Knowledge Management
The Nurse as a Knowledge Worker is coined by?
Peter Drucker in his 1959 book, Landmarks of Tomorrow (Drucker, 1996)
What nature of Knowledge
conveyed in letters, words, and numbers.
- it can be exchanged or shared in form of data, manuals, product specifications, principles, policies and theories.
Explicit knowledge
What nature of knowledge
individualized and highly personal, or private, including one’s values or emotions. Difficult to convey
Tacit knowledge
blends tacit and explicit knowledge needs and provide knowledge bases and decision support systems to inform clinical decision-making.
Knowledge Management Systems
one who has advanced formal education and is able to apply theoretical and analytical knowledge.
Knowledge Worker
Sometimes thought of as a highest form of common sense, the result of erudition (thorough learning), or enlightenment.
Wisdom
Raw facts
Data
refers to whole, complete, correct, and consistent data.
Integrity
Characteristics of Valuable, Quality Information
– right users, obtain the right information at the right time and in the right format to meet their needs
Accessibility
Characteristics of Valuable, Quality Information
– authorized users must have open and easy access; unauthorized must be blocked.
Security
Characteristics of Valuable, Quality Information
– information is available when it is needed for the right purpose and at the right time
Timeliness
Characteristics of Valuable, Quality Information
– means no errors in the data and information
Accuracy
Characteristics of Valuable, Quality Information
information must be relevant or applicable to the user’s needs
Relevancy
Characteristics of Valuable, Quality Information
– information ca be used for a variety of purposes
Flexibility
Characteristics of Valuable, Quality Information
contains all the necessary data
Completeness
Characteristics of Valuable, Quality Information
clean data that are gathered from authoritative and credible sources
Reliability
Characteristics of Valuable, Quality Information
– close to the truth as one can get
Objectivity
Characteristics of Valuable, Quality Information
– ability to provide the right information, at the right time to the right person for the right purpose
Utility
Characteristics of Valuable, Quality Information
– one can check to prove that the information is correct.
Verifiability
Characteristics of Valuable, Quality Information
– allow users to apply their intellect to accomplish their tasks while the tools housing the information disappear into the background
Transparency
Characteristics of Valuable, Quality Information
– ability to produce information again
Reproducibility
studying the application and usage of information and knowledge in organizations and the interface or interaction between people, organizations and ISs
-Primarily concerned with the input, processing, output, and feedback of data and information through technology integration
Information Science
What are the 5 rights of knowledge?
the Right Information, accessible by Right People in the Right Setting, applied the Right Way at the Right Time.
- retrieval, analysis, or synthesis of data
- refers to the alteration and transformation of the data into useful information and outputs
- it can range from storing it for future use; comparing the data, making calculations,
Processing
- input, or data acquisition
- is the activity of collecting and acquiring raw data
Gathering
- referred as the computer-based information systems
- combination of computer hardware, software, telecommunications, networks, users and procedures.
- “a collection of interconnected elements that gather, process, store and distribute data and information while providing a feedback structure to meet an objective” (Stair & Reynold, 2016, p.4)
information systems
*
Output or Dissemination
>Report – designed to inform and is generally tailored to the context of a given or user or user group. May include charts, figures, tables, graphics, pictures, hyperlinks…
>Document – represent information that can be printed, saved, or emailed or otherwise shared or displayed.
>Alert – comprises warnings, feedback, or additional information necessary to assist the user in interacting the system
>Outcomes – expected result of input and processing
*
Output or Dissemination
>Report – designed to inform and is generally tailored to the context of a given or user or user group. May include charts, figures, tables, graphics, pictures, hyperlinks…
>Document – represent information that can be printed, saved, or emailed or otherwise shared or displayed.
>Alert – comprises warnings, feedback, or additional information necessary to assist the user in interacting the system
>Outcomes – expected result of input and processing
- or a response
- is a reaction to the inputting, processing, and outputting
- refers to information from the system that is used to make modifications in the input, processing actions, or outputs.
Feedback
offers extremely valuable tools, that when used skillfully, can facilitate acquisition and manipulation of data and information by nurses, who then can synthesize the data into an evolving knowledge and wisdom base
Computer Science
Computer Components
*Casing
*Central Processing Unit (CPU)
*Power Supply
*Motherboard
*Hard Disk
*Solid State Drive
*Random-access memory (RAM)
*Read-only memory (ROM)
*DVD/CD Drive
*Flash or USB Flash Drive
*Modem
*Graphics Card
*Video Adapter Cards
*Sound Card
Hardware
– smallest possible chunk of data memory used in computer processing
– either a 1 or a 0
– make up the binary system of the computer
Bit
– as chunk of memory that consist of 8 bits
– also described in Megabytes (MB), Gigabytes (1 GB = 1000 MB)
Byte
> Lyman and Varian (2003) described the data powers of 10 as follows:
*2 KB = a typewritten page
*2 MB = a high resolution photograph
*10 MB = a minute of high fidelity sound or a digital chest x-ray
*50 MB = a digital mammogram
*1 GB = a movie at TV quality
*1 TB = all the x-ray files in a large, technologically advanced hospital
> Lyman and Varian (2003) described the data powers of 10 as follows:
*2 KB = a typewritten page
*2 MB = a high resolution photograph
*10 MB = a minute of high fidelity sound or a digital chest x-ray
*50 MB = a digital mammogram
*1 GB = a movie at TV quality
*1 TB = all the x-ray files in a large, technologically advanced hospital
Comprises the application programs developed to facilitate various user functions
Software
4 software categories
- OS software
- Productivity software
- Creativity software
- Communication Software
– Acquisition of Data
-These devices are the media used to input text, or visual, audio, or multimedia data into the computer system for viewing, listening, manipulating, creating, or editing.
-Primary input devices on a computer:
*Keyboard
*Mouse
*Touch Pad
*Touch Screen
-Other input devices:
Image scanners, stylus (for tablets and PDAs), webcam, digital camera/video recorder, physiologic monitor
Input Components
Dissemination
-Carry data in usable form through exit devices in or attached to a computer.
-Put data and information at the user’s fingertips, which can be used to develop knowledge
-Common output forms: printed documents, audio and video files; physiologic summaries; scan results; and saved files on CD, DVD, a flash drive or an external hard drive.
-Most common output devices:
*Printer (inkjet, laser, Wi-Fi, 3D)
*Speakers
*Portable Disk Drives
> Output Components:
Processing of Data
-All of the hardware discussed earlier are involved in processing of input data and the preparation of output data and information
-Monitor – a visible throughput component
- critical for rendering or image synthesis, so the data, information, and images can be visualized
Throughput
