Prejudice, Discrimination, and Stereotyping Flashcards
What are the three aspects of bias that people often show against others outside of their own social group?
- emotional prejudices, mental stereotypes, and behavioral discrimination
What is Blatant biases ?
- Blatant biases are conscious beliefs, feelings, and behavior that people are perfectly willing to admit, which openly put down those not from their own group (outgroups) while favoring one’s own group (in-group).
What is Social dominance orientation (SDO) ?
(SDO) describes a belief that group hierarchies are inevitable in all societies and are even a good idea to maintain order and stability.
Cite 7 characteristics of people who score higher on SDO?
- Those who score high on SDO believe that some groups are inherently better than others,
- describes a preferred arrangement of groups with some on top (preferably one’s own group) and some on the bottom.
- They are usually lower than average on tolerance, empathy, altruism, and community orientation.
- have a strong belief in work ethic—that hard work always pays off and leisure is a waste of time.
- they tend to choose occupations that maintain existing group hierarchies (police, prosecutors, business)
- predicts endorsing the superiority of certain groups: men, native-born residents, heterosexuals, and believers in the dominant religion.
- For SDO the world is tough and competitive with only a limited number of resources, so they see groups as battling each other for these resources, with winners at the top of the social hierarchy and losers at the bottom.
What is the main difference between Right-wing Authoritarianism and Social Dominance Orientation?
- RWA endorses respect for obedience and authority in the service of group conformity, whereas SDO focuses on the economic values.
Cite characteristics of Right-wing Authoritarianism.
- RWA respects group unity over individual preferences, wanting to maintain group values in the face of differing opinions.
- regardless of political ideology, RWA focuses on groups’ competing frameworks of values.
- Extreme scores on RWA predict biases against outgroups while demanding in-group loyalty and conformity.
What are the results of the combination of high RWA and high SDO ?
The results are hate groups that openly endorse aggression against minority groups, immigrants, homosexuals, and believers in non-dominant religions
What is subtle biases?
Subtle biases are automatic, ambiguous, and ambivalent, but real in their consequences.
Why subtle biases are Automatic? give an example of how we measure it?
- own-group preference often results in liking other groups less and this trade-off is relatively automatic, that is, unintended, immediate, and irresistible.
The most famous way to measure this relatively automatic own-group preference is the Implicit Association Test.
What Social identity theory says?
Social identity theory notes that people categorize each other into groups, favoring their own group.
Why in-group favoritism is an ambiguous form of bias?
- Because the attributes of group categories can be either good or bad, we tend to favor the groups with people like us and incidentally disfavor the others. Therefore, in-group favoritism is an ambiguous form of bias because it disfavors the outgroup by exclusion.
What is aversive racism?
Aversive racism is unexamined racial bias that the person does not intend and would reject, but that avoids inter-racial contact.
What is the Stereotype Content Model?
Stereotype Content Model shows that social groups are viewed according to their perceived warmth and competence.
What people want to know when they start learning about a new group?
they first want to know if its intentions of the people in this new group are for good or ill. If the other group has good, cooperative intentions, we view them as warm and trustworthy and often consider them part of “our side.” However, if the other group is cold and competitive or full of exploiters, we often view them as a threat and treat them accordingly. We also want to know whether they are competent enough to act on them (if they are incompetent, or unable, their intentions matter less).
Cite an example of common stereotypes of people high in warmth but lower in competence and its associated emotional prejudices.
Housewife - pride
