prejudice and discrimination in psychology Flashcards
What is prejudice?
Prejudice is an unjustified or incorrect attitude towards an individual based solely on their membership in a social group.
True or False: Discrimination is the same as prejudice.
False: Discrimination refers to behaviors or actions taken against individuals based on prejudiced beliefs.
Fill in the blank: Prejudice can be based on ______, gender, age, or sexual orientation.
race
What is the difference between explicit and implicit prejudice?
Explicit prejudice is consciously held and expressed, while implicit prejudice is unconscious and may influence behavior without awareness.
Name one psychological theory that explains the origins of prejudice.
Social Identity Theory.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a form of discrimination? A) Stereotyping B) Favoritism C) Exclusion D) All of the above
D) All of the above
What is stereotype threat?
Stereotype threat is the risk of confirming negative stereotypes about one’s social group, which can affect performance.
True or False: Prejudice can be reduced through intergroup contact.
True
What does the term ‘ingroup bias’ refer to?
Ingroup bias refers to the tendency to favor one’s own group over others.
Fill in the blank: The ______ model suggests that prejudice arises from competition over resources.
Realistic Conflict
What is the role of socialization in the development of prejudice?
Socialization influences individuals through family, media, and cultural norms, shaping their attitudes and beliefs about different groups.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a consequence of discrimination? A) Psychological distress B) Social isolation C) Improved group cohesion D) Economic disadvantage
C) Improved group cohesion
What is the concept of ‘scapegoating’?
Scapegoating is the practice of blaming an individual or group for problems or negative outcomes, often unjustly.
True or False: All forms of prejudice are overt and easily identifiable.
False: Many forms of prejudice can be subtle or covert.
What is ‘microaggression’?
Microaggressions are subtle, often unintentional, comments or actions that convey prejudiced attitudes.
Fill in the blank: The ______ hypothesis states that people are motivated to maintain a positive self-image, which can lead to prejudice against outgroups.
Social Identity
What is the impact of stereotype-based judgments on behavior?
Stereotype-based judgments can lead to biased behaviors, such as discrimination, and affect interpersonal interactions.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a method to reduce prejudice? A) Education B) Ignoring differences C) Segregation D) Reinforcing stereotypes
A) Education
What is ‘confirmation bias’ in the context of prejudice?
Confirmation bias is the tendency to search for, interpret, and remember information that confirms one’s preexisting beliefs.
True or False: Prejudice is static and cannot change over time.
False: Prejudice can change through experiences, education, and intergroup interactions.
What is ‘affective prejudice’?
Affective prejudice refers to the emotional response or feelings one has towards a particular group.
Fill in the blank: ______ theory posits that individuals categorize others to simplify their social environment, which can lead to stereotypes.
Categorization
What role does empathy play in reducing prejudice?
Empathy can help individuals understand and relate to others’ experiences, reducing negative attitudes and prejudice.
Multiple Choice: Which is a common stereotype about older adults? A) They are technologically savvy B) They are forgetful C) They are physically active D) They are risk-takers
B) They are forgetful
