Prehistoric and Ancient Architecture

Question 1

Shift from nomadic, hunter-gatherer system to a combination of farming and hunting. Created societies of villages near caves or along shores and streams.

Answer 1

Early Dwellings

Question 2

Earliest form of human settlement.

Answer 2

Rock Caves

Question 3

A cave in France containing wall paintings and engravings of Paleolithic humans thought to date from c. 13,000-8,500 BCE.

Answer 3

Lascaux Cave

Question 4

Primitive lifestyle was nomadic.
Temporary shelter were designed in direct response to climate, local materials, and hunting patterns.
Built with limited investment in time and energy.

Answer 4

Built Shelter

Question 5

A portable Indian shelter.

Answer 5

Tipi

Question 6

A stone beehive-shaped hut with a corbelled roof, commonly associated with the Irish coastline.

Answer 6

Clochán

Question 7

A traditional rendered stone dwelling in Apulia, southern Italy, in which square chambers are roofed with conical vaulted roofs.

Answer 7

Trullo

Question 8

An American Indian dwelling, usually of round or oval shape, formed of poles overlaid with bark, rush mats, or animal skins.

Answer 8

Wigwam

Question 9

A Navaho Indian dwelling constructed usually of earth and logs and covered with mud and sod.

Answer 9

Hogan

Question 10

An Eskimo house, usually built of blocks of hard snow or ice in the shape of a dome, or when permanent, of sod, wood, or stone.

Answer 10

Igloo

Question 11

Villages were connected by shared mortuary and

goddess ritual centers.

Answer 11

Religious Structures

Question 12

Ancient stone monuments.

Answer 12

Megaliths

Question 13

A prehistoric monument consisting of
an upright stone, usually standing alone
but sometimes aligned with others in parallel
rows.

Answer 13

Monolith; Menhir

Question 14

From the words daul, a table, and maen, a stone; A prehistoric monument consisting of two or more large upright stones supporting a horizontal stone slab or capstone, and usually regarded as a tomb.

Answer 14

Dolmen

Question 15

The most basic construction system for structures.

Answer 15

Trabeation

Question 16

Three standing stones, two on the sides and one at the back.

Answer 16

Cove

Question 17

A structure consisting of two upright stones supporting a horizontal lintel.

Answer 17

Trilithon

Question 18

A circular arrangement of megaliths enclosing a dolmen or burial mound.

Answer 18

Cromlech

Question 19

Associated with burials, others with cremation.
They also worked as celestial observatories that were meant to follow the movements of the moon and stars, as would have been typical for early agrarian-based societies.

Answer 19

Stone Circle

Question 20

A megalithic monument consisting of four concentric rings of trilithons and menhirs centered around an altar stone.
It is believed to have been used by a sun cult or for astronomical observations.

Answer 20

Stonehenge

Question 21

An artificial mound of earth or stone, especially over an ancient grave. Also called barrow.

Answer 21

Tumulus

Question 22

Ice Age to the Neolithic Age; the earth’s climate warmed up.
As settlements became more permanent, hunters started farming communities.
New architecture was also developed to represent communal and spiritual values.

Answer 22

Early Cities

Question 23

One of the world’s oldest continually-inhabited city.

A hilltop city; citizens lived in stone houses with plaster floors, surrounded by high walls and towers.

Answer 23

Jericho

Question 24

One of the earliest Neolithic village.
Utilized a complex architectural system built according to a preconceived plan, suggesting a structured social organisation.

Answer 24

Khirokitia

Question 25

Largest and most well-preserved Neolithic village.
Consisted of rectangular flat-roofed houses packed together into a single architectural mass
No streets or passageways.

Answer 25

Çatal Hüyük