prego and conditions Flashcards
T/F: is using medication during pregnancy common
true
what are the most common medications pregnant women take
antibiotics
promethazine
what is the primary goal for medication use in pregnant women
prevention of birth defects due to medications
pregnancy is measured from ____ first day of ____menstrual period
first
last
the first trimester is the most critical period for drug exposure because why
major organs are developing
what is a teratogen
substance that causes a birth defect or malformation in an exposed embryo/fetus
what is teratogeniticty
ability of teratogen to produce congenital abnormalities
some examples of known teratogens
ace inhibitors
anticonvulsants
isotretinoin
lithium
thalidomide
warfarin
tetracycline
what is category A
-safest
-studies fail to demonstrate risk in 1st trimester
what is category B
animal studies have not demonstrated a fetal risk but NO controlled studies in prego women or animals show AE but safe in humans
what is category C
animal studies show AE, no studies in women or no animal/human studies
what is category D
evidence of positive fetal harm but benefit might outweigh risk
what is category X
risk clearly outweigh benefits, contraindicated
why is the ABCD category not used anymore
-confusing
-unable to keep up with changing data
-when prescribing, it was more based on category and not understanding what it actually meant
what are the goals of PLLR
provide better counseling to pregnant women and nursing mothers who need to take medication
is cutaneous blood flow increased or decreased
increased
does blood volume increase or decrease at term
increases–up to 50%
why does hemoglobin slightly decrease during pregnancy
because of extra volume
what supplement requirements increase during pregnancy especially later half
iron
SBP drops by how much during pregnancy
5-10 mmHg
what kind of blood flow is slower in pregnancy
venous
-leg edema, varicose veins
residual volume is decreased due to elevated diaphragm because
baby is pressing on diaphragm and lungs cant expand
does kidney size increase or decrease
increase
-gfr increases
nausea/vomiting may do what to drug absorption
decrease