pregnancy hormones

Question 1

lateral foot and posterolateral leg

Answer 1

beta HCG is secreted by the syncitotrophoblast after implantation to stimulate corpus lutem to eventually secrete progesterone

Question 2

7 days post sex for pregnancy test why

Answer 2

hCG is initially secreted by the syncytiotrophoblast after implantation which begins around day 6-7 and completes around day 9-10 after fertilisation. This is why it is recommended that women wait to take a pregnancy test until at least 7 days post-sex, but ideally on the first day of their missed menstrual period to maximise the chance of an accurate result. Early testing increases the chance of a false-negative result.

Question 3

hCG stimulates the corpus luteum to secrete progesterone, which is vital to maintain the pregnancy. In the first …..weeks of pregnancy, hCG should double every 48-72 hours until eventually the hCG levels plateau. This is important clinically as sequential hCG monitoring (via a blood test) can help determine if a pregnancy is healthy or if there may be a problem (e.g. miscarriage or ectopic pregnancy), in which case hCG levels may fall or plateau prematurely.

Answer 3

4

Question 4

progesterone initially produced to stimulate Fallopian tubes fro nutrients for zygote
when does the placenta start producing progesterone and when does it take over

Answer 4

6 weeks

12 weeks

Question 5

progesterone ibihits uterine contractions how

Answer 5

inhibits prostoglandins

decreases sensitivity to oxytocin

Question 6

oestrogen stimulates growth of the myometrium and growth of ductal system for the breasts

what does prolactin do

Answer 6

initiates and maintains milk secretion of the mammary gland
essential for the expression of the mammotropic effects of oestrogen and progesterone
oestrogen and progesterone directly antagonises the stimulating effects of prolactin on milk synthesis

Question 7

hcg is secreted by syncitiotrophoblast, stimulated by GnRH produced in adjacent cytotrophoblast

stimulantes production of what

Answer 7

stimulates production of relaxin

Question 8

relaxin does what

Answer 8

suppresses myometrial contractions and relaxes the pelvic ligaments and pubic symphysis

Question 9

hpl

Answer 9

has lactogenic actions (insignificant with respect to prolactin) - antagonises insulin, therefore making less glucose available to the mother - enhances protein metabolism

Question 10

COCP can cause thrombophilia true or false

Answer 10

true

Question 11

FSH causes development of th follicles which in turn secretes estradiol.
when the egg has matured is secretes enough estradiol to trigger the acute release of what to cause what

Answer 11

LH to lead to ovulation

Question 12

4 phases of menstrual cycle

Answer 12

menstruation 1-4
follicular phase
ovulation
luteal phase

Question 13

when does progesterone rise in what phase

Answer 13

luteal phase

secreted by corpus luteum

Question 14

cervicla mucus becomes thick, scant and tacky under what hormone

Answer 14

progesterone - forming plug over external os- Just prior to ovulation the mucus becomes clear, acellular, low viscosity. It also becomes ‘stretchy’ - a quality termed spinnbarkeit

Question 15

basal body temperature Falls prior to ovulation due to the influence of oestradiol
and rises following ovulation in response to

Answer 15

higher progesterone levels