Pregnancy and birth Flashcards
1
Q
What defines different trimesters?
A
1st trimester:
- embryogenesis
- fetal development
- all organ emerge
* differentiation
* development
2nd trimester:
- fetus has human appearances
- head grow first, the body catches up
- all organs are developed
3rd trimester:
- massive fetus growth
- brain and lungs still need to be developed
- production of vernix cavernosa
* shed fetal skin and sebaceous glands
* skin hydration and pH regulation
2
Q
Which hormones are released during pregnancy and partuition?
A
- Human chorionic gonadotropic
- maintanance of corpus luteum and progesterone level
- Human placental lactogen
- preparation of breasts for milk production
- Placental prolactin
- preparation for milk production
- Relaxin
- increase flexibility of pubic symphesis
- Estrogens
- normal course of pregnancy
- Progesterone
- normal course of pregnancy
- inhibit contraction of uterine walls
3
Q
What are the stages of partuition?
A
- Dilation
- labor until cervix is fully dilated
- positioning of the fetus
I. latent phase
II. active phase
III. transition
- Expulsion
- increase rate of contraction
- shape of baby’s head is slightly oval
- Afterbirth
- clamping of umbilical cord
- ejection of placenta
Meconium is the 1st feces of baby, which is the swallowed amniotic fluid
Breast milk is rich of proteins and antibiotics. The first one is called colostrum.
4
Q
What are some health indications?
A
- hormones
- stress can prolong/postpone delivery
- extend/delay dilation phase
- adrenaline prevent oxytocin release
- baby position
I. breech
II. transverse lie
5
Q
How can delivery be assisted?
A
- vacuum assisted
- can cause hemorrhage
- foreceps delivery
- cesearan section
6
Q
What are all the problems that a premature birth have?
A
complications:
- respiratory distress syndrome
- brain deficit
- gastrointestinal tract problems
- immune system problems
- skin defects
- eyes defects
