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pregnancy a&p Flashcards

1
Q

human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) produced by

A

trophoblastic cells of developing placenta

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2
Q

hCG present in…

A

bloodurine (test-dependent, can be detected as soon as 7 days after conception)

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3
Q

hCG peaks

A

around 9-10 weeks until placenta is fully functioning (hCG levels then drop)

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4
Q

higher than expected hCG

A

multiple gestations

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5
Q

lower than expected hCG

A

sign of problematic pregnancy

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6
Q

morning sickness

A
  • presumptive evidence- nausea, vomiting- begins 2-6 weeks after conception- 50% of women- more common in Western women
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7
Q

why bladder irritability? (as presumptive evidence)

A

enlarging uterus pressing on bladder- usually worse 1st trimester- 2nd trimester: bladder moves up/out of pelvis- 3rd = baby pressing on bladder

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8
Q

why fatigue? (as presumptive evidence)

A

increased hormones

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9
Q

Goodell sign

A
  • probable evidence- softening of cervix
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10
Q

Chadwick sign

A
  • probable evidence- cervix with bluish color
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11
Q

Hegar sign

A
  • probable evidence- softening lower uterine segment (uterine isthmus)
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12
Q

Braxton Hicks contractions

A
  • probable evidence- painless tightening of uterus
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13
Q

Ballottement

A
  • probable evidence- passive movement of unengaged fetus- like pushing on a beach ball, bouncing around
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14
Q

Gravidity

A

pregnancy

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15
Q

Gravida

A

pregnant woman

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16
Q

Parity

A

number of pregnancies reaching 20 weeks gestation

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17
Q

Early term

A

37&0/7 weeks - 38&6/7 weeks

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18
Q

Term

A

39&0/7 weeks - 40&6/7 weeks

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19
Q

Late Term

A

41&0/7 weeks - 41&6/7

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20
Q

Postterm

A

42&0/7 weeks+

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21
Q

Preterm

A

20&0/7 weeks - 36&6/7 weeks

22
Q

Abortion

A

miscarriage or elective termination

23
Q

G_P_

A

Gravidity & Parity

24
Q

G_T_P_A_L_

A

GravidityTermPretermAbortionLiving

25
Q

Viability

A
  • capacity to live outside uterus- 22 to 24 weeks OR- fetal weight > 500g (approx 1lb)
26
Q

physiologic anemia

A

hemodilution due to plasma increase > RBC increase in pregnant woman;- decreased hgb- decreased hct

27
Q

hyperplasia

A

increase in number of cells (formation of new tissue)

28
Q

hypertrophy

A

enlargement of existing cells

29
Q

stroke volume

A

volume out of left ventricle, each heart beat

30
Q

cardiac output

A

CO = HR x SVfunctional capacity of LV to maintain BP and organ perfusion

31
Q

vena caval syndrome

A

during pregnancy, when vena cava squashed and venous return impeded

32
Q

trend: stroke volume during pregnancy

33
Q

trend: cardiac output during pregnancy

34
Q

trend: heart rate during pregnancy

35
Q

trend: systemic vascular resistance during pregnancy

36
Q

systolic blood pressure

A

pressure generated by LV to push blood into aorta during contractions- remains relatively the same during pregnancy

37
Q

diastolic blood pressure

A

pressure against arterial walls during heart relaxation- decreases slightly during pregnancy

38
Q

systemic vascular resistance

A

resistance of blood flow through body vessels, increases when vessels constrict and decreases when vessels dilate

39
Q

tidal volume

A

normal volume of air displaced (inspired before expiration)

40
Q

operculum

A
  • mucus plug- fills cervical canal- acts as barrier against bacterial invasion
41
Q

Montgomery’s tubercles

A

hypertrophy of sebaceous oil glands in areola

42
Q

chloasma

A

“mask of pregnancy”- blotchy, brown hyperpigmentation of cheeks, nose, foreheaddoesn’t always resolve D:

43
Q

linea negra

A

pigmented line extending from fundus to symphysis pubis

44
Q

striae gravidarum

A

stretch marks!50-90% of all preggers ladies

45
Q

glycosuria during pregnancy

A

COMMON. increased amount of glucose filtration (exceeds reabsorption capacity); doesn’t reflect abnormal carb metab

46
Q

urinary stasis

A

larger volume of urine held in pelvis, ureters- stagnating urine + increased glucose (pH increase) = more susceptible to UTIs

47
Q

bladder irritability

A

looks like nocturia, urinary frequency, urgency

48
Q

pytalism

A

excessive salivation

49
Q

pruritis gravidarum

A

bile salts in skin causing itching

50
Q

lordosis

A

shelf hiney in pregnancy

z OB (10 decks)

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