Pregnancy Flashcards
What is the primary objective of studying metabolic changes in pregnancy?
To understand hormonal changes, nutrient metabolism, and complications during pregnancy
What is gestational diabetes?
Any degree of impaired glucose tolerance with onset during pregnancy
What causes increased maternal hormone secretion during pregnancy?
To maintain pregnancy and modify nutrient utilization
Which hormone is secreted by the placenta and stimulates fetal cortisol production?
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
What is the effect of human placental lactogen (HPL) during pregnancy?
Antagonizes insulin action and stimulates lipolysis
What happens to insulin levels during pregnancy?
Insulin levels increase, leading to insulin resistance
True or False: Prolactin levels steadily increase during pregnancy.
True
What is the renal threshold?
The concentration of a substance in blood above which kidneys remove it into urine
What changes occur in liver function tests during pregnancy?اعرفي انواع الهرمونز
Markers such as serum albumin and transaminases are low; alkaline phosphatase is elevated
What is the effect of pregnancy on thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels?
TSH levels normally decrease during the first trimester
Fill in the blank: During pregnancy, there is a marked increase in maternal _______ demand for fetal skeletal mineralization.
calcium
What happens to lipid levels during pregnancy?
Triglycerides, VLDL, LDL, and HDL levels increase
What are some complications of pregnancy for the mother?
- Gestational Diabetes
- Preeclampsia
- Obstetric cholestasis
What fetal complications are associated with gestational diabetes?
- Macrosomia: 63%
- Cesarean delivery: 56%
- Preterm delivery: 42%
What are the common neonatal complications associated with preterm birth?
- Morbidity
- Hyperbilirubinemia
- Respiratory problems
What is the significance of calcium metabolism changes during pregnancy?
Increased intestinal absorption efficiency and demand for fetal skeletal mineralization
How does the concentration of vitamin D change during pregnancy?
Increases gradually, reaching a maximum in the third trimester
What happens to folate levels during pregnancy?
Decreases due to high requirement to prevent neural tube defects
What is the impact of pregnancy on clotting factors?
Levels of several coagulation factors, including fibrinogen and factor VIII, increase
What is the role of cortisol during pregnancy?
Increases secondary to estrogen and binding protein
What should be screened for gestational diabetes and at what weeks of gestation?
Screen for gestational diabetes at 26-28 weeks
What are the effects of increased renin levels in pregnancy?
Lead to vasoconstriction; normal pregnant women are resistant to angiotensin II
What is the role of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in pregnancy?
Prevents menstruation and sustains placental development
How does the body adapt to increased iron requirements during pregnancy?
Decreased levels due to increased requirement for RBC production and storage in the fetus
