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NDT LEC EXAM REVIEWER > PREGNANCY > Flashcards

PREGNANCY Flashcards

1
Q

It refers to the period from conception to birth, and is the other term for pregnancy.

A

Gestation

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2
Q

When will the conception start?

A

2 weeks (after the menstruation stops)

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3
Q

What will happen if the mother does not get her monthly period within 2 weeks?

A

There is a tendency that the mother is pregnant.

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4
Q

It refers to the typical time period for a full-term pregnancy.

A

38-42 weeks or 9 months pregnancy

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5
Q

Gestation is divided into how many trimesters?

A

3

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6
Q

Gestation has how many events or periods?

A

3

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7
Q

The 2 events of gestation are periods that happen during the two months of pregnancy, these are called what?

A

Implantation Period

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8
Q

Implantation period occurs during how many weeks of conception?

A

1st 2 weeks of conception

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9
Q

Fertilized ovum implants itself in the uterus and begins to develop. What event or period is this?

A

Implantation period

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10
Q

What is the source of nourishment during the implantation period?

A

Uterine substances or the (UTMP) Uterine Milk Protein

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11
Q

What secretes UTMP

A

Glands of the endometrium (the lining of the uterus)

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12
Q

What stimulates the glands to secrete UTMP?

A

Progesterone

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13
Q

What causes the endometrium to thicken to produce UTMP?

A

Estrogen

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14
Q

What are some adverse influences?

A

Smoking, drug abuse, and malnutrition

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15
Q

The adverse influences results to what?

A

Result in failure to implant and (NTD) Neural Tube Defect

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16
Q

It is the period of organ formation

A

Organogenesis

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17
Q

When does organogenesis occur?

A

occurs 2-8 weeks after conception or next 6 weeks

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18
Q

It is a critical period when organs are formed and most vulnerable to adverse influences.

A

Organogenesis

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19
Q

It is characterized primarily by growth in the number of cells and size of the organs until it can support extra uterine environment.

A

Rapid Fetal Growth

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20
Q

It refers to the last 7 months of gestation

A

Rapid fetal growth

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21
Q

What is the source of nourishment during the rapid fetal growth?

A

Placenta

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22
Q

It refers to the passive process in which nutrients move from high concentration in the fetal capillaries until equilibrium is reached.

A

Simple diffusion

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23
Q

If the pregnant mother is underweight, she is at high risk of giving birth to ______ infant.

A

Low birth weight infant

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24
Q

it refers to if the pregnant mother is underweight, she is at a high risk of giving birth to a
low birth weight (LBW) infant.

A

Underweight Pregnant

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25
Q

What do you call infants that have impaired growth and development.

A

Low birth weight infants

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26
Q

LBW in infant causes what?

A
  1. Prone to infection and disease
  2. Will have lower adult IQ
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27
Q

What are the causes of overweight or obese pregnant?

A
  1. Birth defects-heart defects patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and Neural Tube Defects (NTDs)
  2. Problems with diagnostic tests
  3. Preterm
  4. Stillbirth
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28
Q

Most women should gain somewhere between __ and __ pounds during pregnancy.

A

25 and 35 (11.5 - 16 kg)

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29
Q

How many pounds does pregnant women mostly gain during 1st trimester?

A

2 to 4 pounds (1-2 kg)

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30
Q

How many pounds does pregnant women mostly gain a week for the rest of the pregnancy after the 1st trimester?

A

1 pound (0.5 kg) a week

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31
Q

It reduces fertility and impairs the early development of an infant.

A

malnutrition

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32
Q

What are the 2 dietary management?

A
  1. Pinggang Pinoy
  2. The basic food groups
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33
Q

For the nutritional requirement, what must be the formula to get the energy for the pregnant mother during her 2nd semster?

A

Normal TER + 340 kcal at the start of 2nd semester

34
Q

For the nutritional requirement, what must be the formula to get the energy for the pregnant mother during her 3rd trimester?

A

Normal TER + 450 kcal on the 3rd trimester

35
Q

For the nutritional requirement, what type of foods should the pregnant mother take?

A

Nutrient-dense foods

36
Q

Why should pregnant mother focus on taking nutrient-dense foods?

A

To supply the increased fuel, demanded by the enlarged metabolic workload.

37
Q

What are the nutritional requirements for proteins?

A

+25g to normal CHON requirement/day

38
Q

AI or RDA of Vitamin C for below 18 years old

A

80 mg per day

39
Q

AI or RDA of Vitamin C for 19-50 years old

A

85 mg per day

40
Q

What is the importance of taking the right dosage of vitamin C?

A

To prevent preeclampsia

41
Q

AI or RDA of thiamin for below 18 years old

A

1.4 mg per day

42
Q

AI or RDA of thiamine for 19-50 years old

A

still 1.4 mg per day

43
Q

what is the rationale for right dosage of thiamine?

A
  1. For loss of appetite
  2. For increase in metabolic workload
  3. Prevention of beriberi
  4. To prevent leg cramps
44
Q

What are the richest food source for thiamine?

A

Enriched or fortified whole grains and products

45
Q

AI or RDA of pyridoxine for everyone?

A

1.9 mg per day FOR EVERYONE

46
Q

Rationale for the right dosage of pyridoxine

A
  1. To prevent nausea and vomiting
  2. To prevent convulsion
47
Q

What are the richest food source for pyridoxine?

A
  1. Meats, poultry, fish, and liver
  2. Potatoes, legumes, non-citrus fruits, soy products
48
Q

AI or RDA of folic acid FOR EVERYONE

A

600 mcg per day

49
Q

Rationale for the right dosage of folic acid

A
  1. For blood volume increase
  2. Development of new cells
  3. To prevent neural tube defect
50
Q

It is an uncommon and always fatal type of NTD, characterized by the absence of a brain; unclosed skull.

A

Anencephaly

51
Q

One of the most common types of of NTD, characterized by the incomplete closure of the spinal cord and its bony encasement.

A

Spina Bifida

52
Q

AI or RDA of cobalamin FOR EVERYONE

A

2.6 mcg per day

53
Q

rationale of the dosage of cobalamin

A

For maturation of RBC

54
Q

AI or RDA of vitamin A or Retinol for below 18 years old

A

750 mcg per day

55
Q

AI or RDA of vitamin A or Retinol for 19 to 50 years old

A

770 mcg per day

56
Q

What are the functions of Vitamin A or Retinol?

A
  1. Important for the placental functions
  2. For the integrity of the epithelial cells
  3. Skeletal information
  4. Tooth formation and normal bone growth
57
Q

AI or RDA of vitamin D FOR EVERYONE

A

5 mcg per day

58
Q

Rationale of vitamin D

A
  1. Maintain normal calcium metabolism
  2. Promotes normal bones and teeth formation
  3. Prevent tetany during infancy
59
Q

It refers to a syndrome characterized by abnormal muscle twitching, cramps, sharp spasms of joints in wrists and ankles.

A

Tetany

60
Q

AI or RDA of calcium for 14-18 yrs old

A

1,300 mg/day

61
Q

AI or RDA of calcium for 19-50 years old

A

1,000 mg per day

62
Q

AI or RDA of phosphorus for 14-18 yrs old

A

1,250 mg per day

63
Q

AI or RDA of phosphorus for 19-50 yrs old

A

700 mg per day

64
Q

What is the food sources of phosphorus?

A

all in animal tissues

65
Q

AI or RDA of magnesium for 14-18 yrs old

A

400 mg per day

66
Q

AI or RDA of magnesium for 19-30 yrs old

A

350 mg per day

67
Q

AI or RDA of magnesium for 31-50 yrs old

A

360 mg per day

68
Q

rationale of magnesium

A
  1. Involved in bone mineralization
  2. Normal muscle contraction
  3. Transmission of nerve impulses
  4. Maintenance of teeth
69
Q

It is an important mineral needed for the mother and baby

A

Iron

70
Q

AI or RDA of iron

A

27 mg per day

71
Q

It is very known function is the metabolic rate in terms of the growth or the function of the mammary gland to produce milk

A

Iodine

72
Q

It is a mineral that prevents diarrhea and it helps the synthesis of RNA and DNA

A

Zinc

73
Q

AI or RDA of zinc for under 18 yrs old

A

12 mg per day

74
Q

AI or RDA of zinc for 19-50 yrs old

A

11 mg per day

75
Q

rationale of zinc

A
  1. For CHON synthesis
  2. For DNA and RNA synthesis
76
Q

AI or RDA of sodium FOR EVERYONE

A

1,500 mg per day

77
Q

Guidelines for physical activity during pregnancy DOs

A
  1. Do exercise (most, if not all, days of the week)
  2. Do warm ups 5 to 10 minutes of light activity
  3. Do 30 minutes or more of moderate physical activity
  4. Do cool down with 5 to 10 of slow activity and gently stretching
  5. Do drink water before, after, and during exercise.
  6. Do eat enough to support additional needs of pregnancy plus exercise
  7. Do rest adequately
78
Q

Suitable activities during pregnancy include:

A
  1. Brisk walking
  2. Swimming
  3. Indoor stationary cycling
  4. Prenatal Yoga
  5. Low impact aerobics under the guidance of a certified aerobics instructor
  6. Special exercises to prepare for labor and delivery
79
Q

It refers to when the body is deprived to produce energy from CHO or fats

A

Low CHO

80
Q

It refers to the breakdown of fats from adipose tissue by the protein and it may lead to the increase of the ketone bodies.

A

Ketosis

81
Q
A

NDT LEC EXAM REVIEWER (1 decks)

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