Pregnancy

Question 1

How long does it take sperm to reach fallopian tubes?

Answer 1

5-10min after ejaculation. Thousand of sperm reach fallopian tubes

Question 2

What is the cell called after fertilization/ multiple cell division has occured?

Answer 2

Blastocysts. Will contain another layer surrounding it, called trophoblasts

Question 3

What are the Trophoblasts?

Answer 3

-cells surrounding the blastocysts
-are the ones that allow implantation to happen
-will be the cells that penetrate endometrium and will eventually form placenta of the fetus

Question 4

How does sperm get to fallopian tube?

Answer 4

aided by contractions of the uterus produced by oxytocin (released by Posterior pituitary) and prostaglandins contained in the seminal fluid(semen) of the male

Question 5

Where does the fertilization take place?

Answer 5

usually in the ampullae of the fallopian tubes

Question 6

When does the fertilized ovum start to move towards the uterine cavity?

Answer 6

3-5 days after fertilization

Question 7

When does the blastocyst usually implant ?

Answer 7

After another 1-3 days after fertilized ovum has moved into uterine cavity.
-day 5th to 7th after ovulation

Question 8

What occurs during 21st day after fertilization?

Answer 8

blood begins to be pumped from the heart of the embryo.
-blood sinus with maternal blood will surround the trophoblasts
-trophoblasts extends proyections which become placental villi(which become capillaries of the fetus)

Question 9

How is the fetus blood system?

Answer 9

through umbilical arteries/ veins/ capillaries of the placenta villi and uterine arteries/veins

Question 10

How much is the placenta Po2 entering the fetus blood ?

Answer 10

30mmHg (low)

Question 11

How does the low PO2(30mmHg) in placenta passing to the fetus is capable to transport enough oxygen to the fetal tissues as much the mother’s blood to her tissues?

Answer 11

1.fetal blood can carry 20%-50% more hemoglobin than the maternal hemoglobin
2. Bohr effect. Fetal blood can carry more oxygen at low PCo2.(fetal blood passes high amounts of PCo2 through placenta to maternal blood )(decreases amount of PCo2 in fetus making fetal blood more alkaline and increases PCo2 in maternal blood making it more acidic)

Question 12

During pregnancy what are the hormones produced?

Answer 12

HcG, estrogen, progesterone

Question 13

When does menstruation occur?

Answer 13

14 days after ovulation has happened

Question 14

What happens of there is a shedding of the endometrium from uterine wall after ovum has implanted itself?

Answer 14

pregnancy will be terminated

Question 15

HcG causes corpus luteum to secrete?

Answer 15

progesterone and estrogen for the next months as preganancy progresses

Question 16

What are the sex hormones that prevent menstration?

Answer 16

progesterone and estrogen secreted in corpus luteum (which also allow endometrium to continue to grow and provide nutrients)

Question 17

Besides the corpus luteum, who also secretes estrogens and progesterone?

Answer 17

placenta.
1st-12th week corpus luteum(which eventually shed and disappear)
Placenta will start production of progesterone/estrogen starting 13th- 17th week of gestation

Question 18

During pregnancy what does large quantities of estrogen do?

Answer 18

-enlargement of uterus
-enlargement of breasts
-enlargement of mother external genitalia
-relaxes pelvic ligaments of the sacroiliac joints to prepare for delivery

Question 19

How much weight is gained averagely during pregnancy?

Answer 19

25-35lbs.(includes:placenta,uterus,fetus,fat storage, increased blood volumen)
(8lb fetus, 4lb placenta,3lb uterus, 2lb breast, 5lb of blood/extracellular fluid, 3-13lb of fat acummulation)

Question 20

Why is vit K administered before birth of the baby?

Answer 20

to prevent hemorrahage because baby cannot coagulate properly