Prefixes, Suffixes, and Combining Forms Flashcards
-algia
pain (ex: neuralgia ; nerve pain)
arthro-, arth-
joints (ex: arthritis)
-blast
formative cell (ex: osteoblast - bone forming cell)
brady-
slow (ex: bradycardia - slow heartbeat)
calc-
stone, calcium, lime (ex: calcification)
cerebro-, cerebr-
referring to the cerebrum, the brain area containing the higher brain centers (ex: cerebral palsy)
cheilo-, cheil-
lip
chromo-, chromat-
color, pigmentation (ex: chromogen - a substance which produces color)
-cidal
killing (ex: bactericidal - killing bacteria)
-clast
break up, divide into parts (ex: osteoclasts - cells which break up or cause resorption of bone)
-clus-
shut (ex: occlusion)
co-, com-, con-, cor-
with, together (ex: congenital with the genes)
contra-
opposite (ex: contraangle)
cuti-
skin (ex: cuticle)
-cyto-, -cyte
cell (ex: leukocyte - white blood cell)
denti-, dent-
tooth (ex: dentition)
di-
twice, two (ex: diplopia - seeing double)
disto-, dist-
posterior, distant from centre (ex: distobuccal)
-drome
course or group (ex: syndrome - a group of symptoms and signs which, when appearing simultaneously, form a definite pattern of a specific condition, disease or abnormality)
dur-
hard (ex: induration - thickening or hardening, such as might be felt about the edges of an inflamed wound)
dys-
bad, ill, difficult (ex: muscular dystrophy)
ecto-, ect-
without, outer side (ex: ectogenous - said of bacteria which are able to grow outside their natural hosts)
-ectomy
surgical removal (ex: gingivectomy - surgical removal of diseased gingival tissue)
-emia, (-aemia)
blood condition (ex: bacteremia - bacteria in the bloodstream)
erythro-, eryth-
red (ex: erythrocyte - red blood cell)
ex-
beyond, from, out of (ex: exudate - inflammatory fluid - pus, serum, etc) - which flows from the tissues in the vicinity of an infection
extra-
outside of, beyond the scope of (ex: extracellular - outside of cell)
faci-
face (ex: facial)
fibro-, fibr-
fibers, fibrous tissue (ex: fibroblast - cells which form fibrous and scar tissue)
fract-
break (ex: fracture)
gastro-, gastr-
stomach (ex: gastritis - inflammation of the stomach)
gero-
old age (ex: gerodontics - dentistry for the elderly)
glosso-, gloss-
tongue (ex: glossitis - inflammation of the tongue)
gnatho-, gnath-
jaw (ex: gnathological surgery - surgery on the jaws)
-gnosis
knowledge (ex: the diagnosis - knowledge required to discover the nature of a patient’s disease and the underlying cause)
hemi-
half (ex: hemisection)
hyper-
abnormal, excessive (ex: hyperplasia - an overgrowth of a tissue or organ)
hypo-, hyp-
deficiency, lack, below (ex: hypoglycemia - low blood sugar)
infra-
beneath, below, under (ex: infraorbital - below the orbit floor of the eye)
inter-
between, among (ex: intercellular tissue - the tissue between cells)
intra-
within, into (ex: intraoral - within the oral cavity; mouth)
-ist
one who practices holds certain principles (ex: hygienist)
-itis
inflammation (ex: gingivitis - inflammation of the gingival tissue
labio-
lip (ex: labioversion - altered position of a tooth toward the lip)
leuko-, leuk-
white (ex: leukoplakia - white patch)
linguo-, lingu-
tongue (ex: lingual - the surface of a tooth which faces the tongue)
-logy
doctrine, science (ex: periodontology - the clinical science that deals with the periodontium in health and disease)
lympho-, lymph-
lymph (ex: lymphatics (the vessels or channels which carry lymph)
macro-, macro-
enlargement, elongated part (ex: macroglossia)
mal-
bad, ill (ex: malnutrition)
mes-, medi-, mesio-
middle, intermediate (ex: mesial)
muco-, muc-
relating to the mucous membrane
myo-, my-
muscle (ex: myocardium)
naso-
nose (ex: nasopalatine)
necr-
death (ex: necrosis - death of tissue)
neo-, ne-
new, recent
neuro-, neuri-, neur-
pertaining to nerves (ex: neuralgia)
nucleo-, nucl-
pertaining to the nucleus
-odonto-, -odont-
tooth
-oma
swelling, tumor
oro-
mouth, oral
ortho-, orth-
straight, normal
-osis
condition, state
osteo-, osta-
bone
patho-, path-
disease
pedia-, pedo-
child
per-
throughout, completely
phago-
to eat (ex: phagocytosis - cell eating)
-phile, -phil
loving
phlebo-, phleb-
vein
-phobe, -phobia
fear, dread
-plas-
mould, shape
pneumo-
air, lung
poly-
many, much, excessive
pont-
bridge
pro-
before, in front of
pulmo-
lung
pur-, pyo-
pus
re-
back, again
retro-
back, backward, behind
-scopy
examination, insepction
sial-, sialo-
saliva
-some
body
stomat-
mouth
sub-
beneath, under, deficient
super-
above, upon, excessive
syn-
with, together
tachy-
swift, rapid
tact-
touch (ex: tactile - referring to the sense of touch)
thrombo-, thromb-
clot, coagulation (ex: thrombosis)
-ule
diminutive, small (ex: venule - small vein)
vaso-
blood vessels (ex: vasodilation - dilation of the blood vessels)
vita-
life (ex: vitamin)
xero-
dry (ex: xerostomia - dry mouth)