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RVT > Prefixes & Suffixes > Flashcards

Prefixes & Suffixes Flashcards

1
Q

-ALGIA (diagnostic)

A

Pain

Ex: neuralgia (nerve pain)

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2
Q

-DYNIA (diagnostic)

A

Pain

Ex: gastrodynia (pain in the stomach)

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3
Q

-EMIA (diagnostic)

A

Blood condition

Ex: leukemia (cancer of white blood cells)

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4
Q

-IA (diagnostic)

A

Condition, disease

Ex: polyuria (excessive urination)

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5
Q

-LEPSY (diagnostic)

A

Seizure or attack

Ex: epilepsy (disease of the nervous system marked by seizures)

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6
Q

-MALACIA (diagnostic)

A

Softening

Ex: chondromalacia (softening of the cartilage)

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7
Q

-MEGALY (diagnostic)

A

Enlargement

Ex: cardiomegaly (enlargement of the heart)

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8
Q

-OMA (diagnostic)

A

Tumor, mass

Ex: sarcoma (cancerous tumor of connective tissue)

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9
Q

-OSIS (diagnostic)

A

Abnormal condition

Ex: dermatomycosis (fungal skin infection)

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10
Q

-PATHY (diagnostic)

A

Disease

Ex: myopathy (disease of muscle tissue)

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11
Q

-PENIA (diagnostic)

A

Deficiency

Ex: leukopenia (deficient number of white blood cells)

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12
Q

-PLEGIA (diagnostic)

A

Paralysis

Ex: quadriplegia (paralysis of all four limbs)

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13
Q

-SCLEROSIS (diagnostic)

A

Hardening

Ex: arteriosclerosis (hardening of the arteries)

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14
Q

-RRHAGE (diagnostic)

A

Bursting forth

Ex: hemorrhage (excessive bleeding)

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15
Q

-RRHEA (diagnostic)

A

Flow, discharge

Ex: menorrhea (normal menstrual flow)

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16
Q

-RRHEXIS (diagnostic)

A

Breaking open

Ex: cardiorrhexis (rupture of the heart)

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17
Q

-IC, -ICAL (adjectival)

A

Characteristic of/pertaining to
Ex: hypothermic (person suffers from low body temperature)
Ex: nephric (pertaining to the kidney)
Can function as both NOUNS and ADJECTIVES
Ex: one can have an epileptic (adj) seizure and also be an epileptic (noun)

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18
Q

-ID

A

Body or particle

Ex: plasmid (specialized ring of DNA) or chromatid (part of a chromosome strand)

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19
Q

-INE (adjectival)

A

Relating/pertaining to
Ex: equine (pertaining to, characteristic of, or derived from the horse)
Also means “chemical substance”
I.e. Many chemicals and medications also end with it

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20
Q

-IAC and -IAN

A

Relating to
Ex: cardiac (relating to the heart) and avian (relating to birds)
** not every suffix with -IA in it denotes a disease**

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21
Q

-ITE

A

Chemically it describes “salt or ester of an acid with a name ending in -OUS”
Ex: nitrate is “a salt or ester of nitrous acid”
Biologically it describes ”segment of a body part”
Ex: dendrite is “characteristic of apart of a nerve cell”
Most -ITIC words do NOT derive from -ITE, they derive from -ITIS

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22
Q

-ITIS (diagnostic)

A

Inflammation
Ex: laryngitis (inflammation of the larynx)
Adjective form = -ITIC (as in arthritic) means “characterized by inflammation” only when it comes from-ITIS
Incredibly common in medical terminology
** other than arthritic, the adjective form of -ITIS isn’t common, but BEWARE OF CONFUSING IT WITH WORDS THAT DERIVE FROM -ITE**

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23
Q

-PNEA (diagnostic)

A

Breathing
Ex: apnea (temporary cessation of breathing)
This suffix only refers to a body process (breathing)
depends on a prefix like A- or DYS- to supply diagnosis
Is a diagnostic suffix

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24
Q

What are diagnostic suffixes?

A

Suffixes that tell us that something about the body is not the way that it’s supposed to be
May indicate an abundance or deficiency ora presence or an absence

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25
Q

What are procedural suffixes?

A

Suffixes to describe medical procedures

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26
Q

-CENTESIS (procedural)

A

Puncture and aspiration

Ex: abdominocentesis (puncture of abdominal cavity and aspiration to remove fluid)

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27
Q

-ECTOMY (procedural)

A

Surgical removal

Ex: appendectomy (surgical removal of appendix)

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28
Q

-GENIC (procedural)

A

Producing, forming

Ex: teratogenic (causing birth defects)

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29
Q

-GRAPHY (procedural)

A

Process of recording

Ex: electrocardiography (process of recording electrical activity of the heart)

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30
Q

-LYSIS (procedural)

A

Separation

Ex: dialysis (separation of waste materials from the blood)

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31
Q

-OPSY (procedural)

A

View of, vision

Ex: biopsy (removal of living tissue for examination)

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32
Q

-PLASTY (procedural)

A

Surgical repair

Ex: rhinoplasty (plastic surgery of the nose)

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33
Q

-SCOPY (procedural)

A

Visual examination

Ex: arthroscopy (visual examination of the joints)

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34
Q

-STOMY (procedural)

A

Opening

Ex: tracheostomy (cutting an air/drainage opening to the trachea)

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35
Q

-TOMY (procedural)

A

Incision, cutting

Ex: blepharotomy (surgical incision of an eyelid)

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36
Q

What are adjectival suffixes?

A

Describe anatomy of the body and time periods in life
Most of these suffixes mean one thing: pertaining to
Sometimes the context of the word makes a “pertaining to” suffix more of a “characteristic of” suffix
Ex: the word plastic in medical terminology denotes “capability of being molded or developed” or “tending to build up tissues”

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37
Q

-AC, -IAC (adjectival)

A

Pertaining to

Ex: iliac (pertaining to the ilium)

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38
Q

-AL, -EAL, -IAL (adjectival)

A

Pertaining to

Ex: neonatal (pertaining to the first week after birth)

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39
Q

-AR (adjectival)

A

Pertaining to

Ex: ventricular (pertaining to the ventricles of the heart or brain)

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40
Q

-ARY (adjectival)

A

Pertaining to

Ex: pulmonary (pertaining to the lungs)

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41
Q

-ELLA (adjectival)

A

Small

Ex: patella (kneecap)

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42
Q

-IATRIC (adjectival)

A

Medical treatment

Ex: pediatric (treatment and care for children)

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43
Q

-OID (adjectival)

A

Resembling

Ex: sinusoid (resembling a sinus)

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44
Q

-OUS (adjectival)

A

Characteristic of

Ex: cartilaginous

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45
Q

-PLAST (adjectival)

A

Cell, living substance

Ex: chloroplast (the photosynthetic unit of a plant cell)

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46
Q

-PLASTY (adjectival)

A

Formation, plastic repair of

Ex: otoplasty (plastic surgery of the ear)

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47
Q

-ULAR (adjectival)

A

Pertaining to

Ex: scapular (pertaining to the scapula)

48
Q

-VOROUS (adjectival)

A

Eating

Ex: carnivorous (meat-eating)

49
Q

What is a “what” prefix?

A

The answers to questions attempting to quantify or qualify the condition, procedure, or relationship bein described
Ex: answering things like: how many? Too many? Too few? What percentage is the whole? Is it too fast? Too slow? Too big? Too small? What color is it? What does it do to something else?
Can think of these as the answers to abig medical conference about the root and suffix in question

50
Q

A- (what)

A

No, not, without

Ex: ataxia (without coordination)

51
Q

AN- (what)

A

No, not, without

Ex: analgesic (without pain)

52
Q

ANA- (what)

A

Up, apart

Ex: anabasis (the stage of increase in a disease)

53
Q

ANTI- (what)

A

Against

Ex: antibody (immune body that fights foreign substances)

54
Q

AUTO- (what)

A

Self

Ex: autoimmune (body produces antibodies against itself)

55
Q

BI- (what)

A

Two

Ex: bilateral (pertaining to both sides)

56
Q

BRADY- (what)

A

Deficient, under

Ex: bradycardia (heartbeat under/less than the normal rate)

57
Q

CHLORO- (what)

A

Green

Ex: chloroma (green-colored tumor)

58
Q

CHROMO- (what)

A

Color

Ex: chromhidrosis (secretion of sweat that changes color)

59
Q

CO- (what)

A

With, together

Ex: comorbidity (one medical condition present together with another medical condition)

60
Q

COM- (what)

A

With, together

Ex: communicability (ability to spread from infected to susceptible hosts)

61
Q

CON- (what)

A

With, together

Ex: contagious (capable of being transmitted host to host)

62
Q

CYANO- (what)

A

Blue

Ex: cyanosis (bluish skin and mucosal discoloration)

63
Q

DE- (what)

A

Down, lack of

Ex: dehydration (lack of water)

64
Q

DECI- (what)

A

One-tenth

Ex: deciliter (one-tenth of a liter)

65
Q

DI- (what)

A

Two

Ex: diataxia (affecting both sides of the body)

66
Q

DIA- (what)

A

Through, between, apart, across, completely

Ex: diarrhea (rapid movement of fecal matter through the intestine)

67
Q

DYS- (what)

A

Bad, painful

Ex: dysphasia (difficulty in swallowing)

68
Q

ERYTHRO- (what)

A

Red

Ex: erythrocyte (red blood cell)

69
Q

HEMI- (what)

A

Half

Ex: hemiparesis (weakness on half/one side of the body)

70
Q

HEXA- (what)

A

Six

Ex: hexavitamin (preparation of six vitamins)

71
Q

HYPER- (what)

A

Excessive, above

Ex: hypertension (blood pressure above normal)

72
Q

HYPO- (what)

A

Below, deficient

Ex: hypoglycemia (blood sugar level below normal)

73
Q

LEUKO- (what)

A

White

Ex: leukoencephalitis (inflammation of the while brain substance)

74
Q

MACRO- (what)

A

Large

Ex: macroglossia (excessive size of the tongue)

75
Q

MAL- (what)

A

Bad

Ex: malignant (tending to worsen and cause death)

76
Q

MELANO- (what)

A

Black

Ex: melanotrichia (abnormal increased pigmentation of the hair)

77
Q

META- (what & locational)

A

Change, beyond
Ex: metamorphosis (change of structure or shape)
Ex: metacarpal (bones beyond the wrist)

78
Q

MICRO- (what)

A

Small

Ex: micromastia (abnormal smallness of the mammary gland)

79
Q

MULTI- (what)

A

Many

Ex: multiarticular (pertaining to or affecting many joints)

80
Q

NEO- (what)

A

New

Ex: neonate (a newborn animal)

81
Q

PAN- (what)

A

All

Ex: pandemic (a widespread epidemic)

82
Q

PENT- (what)

A

Five

Ex: pentadactyl (having five digits)

83
Q

POLY- (what)

A

Many, much

Ex: polychromatic (many-colored)

84
Q

PSEUDO- (what)

A

False

Ex: pseudopregnancy (false pregnancy)

85
Q

QUADR- (what)

A

Four

Ex: quadrilocular (having four cavities)

86
Q

SUB- (what & locational)

A

Less than, beneath
Ex: submandibular (beneath the manible)
Ex: subcutaneous (under the skin)

87
Q

SYM-, SYN- (what)

A

With, together

Ex: symbiosis (mutually reinforcing)

88
Q

TACHY- (what)

A

Fast

Ex: tachycardia (abnormally fast heartbeat)

89
Q

TRI- (what)

A

Three

Ex: tribrachus (having three forelimbs)

90
Q

ULTRA- (what)

A

Beyond

Ex: ultrasonic (beyond the audible range)

91
Q

XANTH- (what)

A

Yellow

Ex: xanthemia (presence of yellow-colored matter in the blood)

92
Q

What is a “where” or locational prefix?

A

Functions to describe location or direction

Answers the question of “where?”

93
Q

AB- (locational)

A

Away from

Ex: abduct (to draw away from)

94
Q

AD- (locational)

A

Toward, near

Ex: adduct (to draw toward)

95
Q

ANTE- (locational)

A

Before; forward

Ex: antemortem (performed or occurring before death)

96
Q

DIA- (locational)

A

Through

Ex: diarrhea (rapid discharge of fecal matter through intestines)

97
Q

DIS- (locational)

A

Apart, away from

Ex: dissect (cut apart)

98
Q

EC-, ECTO- (locational)

A

Outside

Ex: ectopic (located away from the normal position)

99
Q

ENDO- (locational)

A

Within, in, inner

Ex: endocrine (secreting internally)

100
Q

EPI- (locational)

A

Above, upon

Ex: epidermis (outermost layer of skin)

101
Q

EX- (locational)

A

Out

Ex: excision (removal by cutting out)

102
Q

EXTRA- (locational)

A

Outside of

Ex: extrapulmonary (not connected with the lungs)

103
Q

IN- (locational)

A

In, into

Ex: incision (cutting into)

104
Q

INFRA- (locational)

A

Below, beneath

Ex: infraclavicular (below the clavicle)

105
Q

INTER- (locational)

A

Between

Ex: intercostal (between two ribs)

106
Q

INTRA- (locational)

A

Within

Ex: intravenous (within a vein)

107
Q

PARA- (locational)

A

Near, alongside

Ex: parametrial (near the uterus)

108
Q

PERI- (locational)

A

Surrounding

Ex: perilaryngitis (inflammation of the tissues around the larynx)

109
Q

POST- (locational)

A

After, behind

Ex: postpartum (occurring after a delivery)

110
Q

PRE- (locational)

A

Before

Ex: prenatal (before birth)

111
Q

PRO-, PROS- (locational)

A

Before, forward

Ex: prognosis (forecast of likely course of disease)

112
Q

RE- (locational)

A

Back, again

Ex: relapse (return of the disease)

113
Q

RETRO- (locational)

A

Behind, backward

Ex: retromandibular (behind the lower jaw)

114
Q

SUPRA- (locational)

A

Above, under

Ex: suprapelvic (above the pelvis)

115
Q

TRANS- (locational)

A

Across, through

Ex: transverse (extending through a structure from side to side)

RVT (2 decks)

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