prefix Flashcards
abdominal Quadrant
one of the four regions used to divide the abdomen into sections
abdominal region
one of the nine equal areas of the abdomen that are named and used as reference points when discussing the body
abdominopelvic cavity
the part of the ventral cavity that lies below the diaphragm muscle; includes the abdominal cavity for the digestive organs and the pelvic cavity that houses the reproductive organs, bladder, and rectum.
acronyms
an abbreviation in which every letter stands for a word
anatomy
The physical structure or parts of the body
anterior
a directional term that refers to the front side of the body
body cavity
a hallow space between the body that is lined by a membrane and contains bodily organs
body plane
a flat or level surface seen by cutting away part of the body through surgery or medical imaging to serve as a point of reference when discussing anatomy.
body region
an area of the body with a specific name, which is used as a reference point when discussing anatomy.
body system
a group of organs working together to perform a vital function in the body
caudal
A directional term used to reference a point closer to the tailbone
cell
a small group of organelles that fulfill a specific purpose and are held together by a membrane
cell membrane
a semipermeable outer covering of a cell with holes that act as its doors and windows.
combining vowel
a letter used to connect root words together when the next root or suffix does not begin with a vowel.
cranial
a directional term used to talk about a point closer to the head.
cranial cavity
the part of the dorsal cavity that contains the brain.
cytoplasm
a semifluid structure contained within the walls of a cell in which chemical reactions take place.
deep
a directional term that refers to body structures farther below the surface of the body.
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
material present in a cell that contains complete plans for items the cell builds; carries cell’s genetic information.
distal
a directional term that refers to a part that is farther away from the attachment site on the body; can also be used to describe internal organs.
dorsal
a directional term used to describe surfaces are located on the back of the body.
dorsal cavity
the cavity in the back of the body that is protected by the bones of the skull and vertebrae.
endoplasmic reticulum
the organelle that moves ribosomes in and out of the nucleus as they are assembled; can be rough (covered with ribosomes from the nucleus for building proteins) or smooth (builds and stores fats and carbohydrates and detoxifies harmful substances).
frontal plane
the body plane that divides the body (or organ) into its front and back sections; also called the coronal plane.
Golgi apparatus
an organelle made up of layers of membrane in the cytoplasm; inspects, sorts, and packages proteins for use within or removal from the cell.
inferior
a directional term that means lower down on the body.
lateral
a directional term that refers to a point toward the side of the body.
lysosomes
organelles that use digestive enzymes to destroy used, dead, and foreign materials that are left behind after energy is used up.
medial
a directional term that refers to a point closer to the center of the body.
medical technology
special vocabulary that is used in healthcare and is often formed from Latin and Greek word parts.
midsagittal plane
the body plane that divides the body exactly down the midline
mitochondria
organelles that function as power stations for cells.
mnemonic device
a learning tool that helps students memorize information.
nucleolus
the organelle located at the center of the nucleus, which uses ribosomes to build proteins.
nucleus
the organelle that contains genetic material controls the cell’s activity.
organ
a distinct body structure made of different tissues working together for the same purpose.
organelle
a part of a cell that has a specific task.
physiology
the functions or inner workings of the body.
plural
a term that means more than one in number.
posterior
a directional term that refers to the back side of the bod
prefix
a word part that appears at the beginning of a word.
proximal
a directional term that indicates that the part being discussed is closer to the point of attachment to the body; can also be used to describe internal organs.
ribosomes
organelles that build proteins for the cell; may be free in the cytoplasm or attached to rough endoplasmic reticulum.
root word
the foundation of a medical term; carries the term’s meaning.
sagittal plane
the body plane that divides the body, organ, or appendage into right and left sections.
spinal cavity
the part of the dorsal cavity that contains the spinal cord.
standard anatomical position (SAP)
the agreed-upon reference for body position when studying anatomy; standing erect on two legs, facing frontward, with the arms at the sides and palms facing forward.
suffix
a word part that appears at the end of a word.
superficial
a directional term that refers to the outside surface of the body.
superior
a directional term that means above or higher up on the body.
thoracic cavity
the part of the ventral cavity that lies above the diaphragm muscle; includes the pericardial cavity and two pleural cavities.
tissue
a group of cells of the same type working together for the same purpose.
transverse plane
the body plane that divides the body into top and bottom sections.
vacuole
an organelle that allows larger enzymes and waste molecule packages to pass through the cell membrane.
ventral
a directional term used to describe surfaces move closer together when you bend a joint.
ventral cavity
the cavity in the front of the body that is surrounded by the ribs and pelvic bones.
