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vision rehab > prefi 1.1 > Flashcards

prefi 1.1 Flashcards

1
Q

FIRST DEGREE FUSION:

A

SIMULTANEOUS PERCEPTION
(Sensory Fusion)

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2
Q

SECOND DEGREE FUSION:

A

FLAT FUSION
(Sensory Fusion)

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3
Q

THIRD DEGREE FUSION:

A

STEREOPSIS
(Sensory Fusion)

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4
Q

3 degrees of sensory fusion

A

simultaneous perception
flat fusion
stereopsis

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5
Q

In here, Px must see the targets with his left and right eye and
fuse and interpreted/perceived by the brain.

A

sensory fusion: 2nd degree fusion- SIMULTANEOUS PERCEPTION

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6
Q

Requires non-fusable targets with no contours or with non-similar contours seen with both eyes at the same time;

A

SIMULTANEOUS PERCEPTION

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7
Q

Examples of Simultanoues Perception (2):

A

● Cheiroscope
● Van Orden Star (VO Star)

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8
Q

what is the mirror called in Cheiroscope

A

septum

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9
Q

Requires fusable targets / within the range of motor ability, similar contours and same lateral separation.

A

SECOND DEGREE FUSION: FLAT FUSION
(Sensory Fusion)

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10
Q

Targets here are almost the same but the details are different.
Like here, OD: sees rabbit with flower, OS: rabbit with tail. If
Px is able to fuse, the px sees rabbit with flower and tail.

A

SECOND DEGREE FUSION: FLAT FUSION
(Sensory Fusion)

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11
Q

Also called stereoscopic fusion

A

THIRD DEGREE FUSION: STEREOPSIS
(Sensory Fusion)

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12
Q

binocular depth perception, requires binocular vision to perceive float (or object appears near to px), or ability to interpret Monocular cues

A

THIRD DEGREE FUSION: STEREOPSIS
(Sensory Fusion)

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13
Q

what does it mean when an image is floating?

A

it is nearer the patient

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14
Q

Targets are almost the same but difference is that the angle
looks different. If Px is able to fuse, there is FLOAT or DEPTH
(like tranaglyph)

A

THIRD DEGREE FUSION: STEREOPSIS
(Sensory Fusion)

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15
Q

Can be used in Biocular and Binocular
it uses polaroid glasses; no-color (gray) target

A

VECTOGRAMS

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16
Q

uses red-green glasses; red-green target

A

Tranaglyph

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17
Q

Train vergence at various levels of difficulty.

A

vectogram

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18
Q

vectogram Evaluates (3)

A

float
localization
SILO.

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19
Q

Trains vergences with large, easily fusible targets.

A

vectogram

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20
Q

Suppression controling in vectogram:

A

cross at top of ring

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21
Q

in vectogram If Px is able to fuse target, he must see a ____

A

cross

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22
Q

in vectogram, If Px sees vertical/horizontal, there is ____.

A

suppression

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23
Q

in vectogram If Px is able to fuse target, he will see ____

A

R on top then
L on the bottom.

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24
Q

in vectogram,
▪ If Px sees L only, there is OD __.
▪ If Px sees R only, there is OS ___

A

suppression

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25
Q

WHAT IS SILO:

A

Smaller IN, Larger OUT

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26
Q

SILO

  • With Crossed targets, as you increase _____, target appears to get smaller, move in.
A

BO demand

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27
Q

SILO

  • For BI/____targets, as you increase BI
    demand, targets appear to get larger, move out.
A

Uncrossed

28
Q

SI (Base Out demand) – we are inducing ____

Convergene → circle gets smaller → gets inner → gets nearer to px → appears more float

A

convergence

29
Q

LO (Base In demand) – we are inducing____

Divergence → circle gets bigger → gets outer → gets farther to px → appears less float

A

divergence

30
Q

We can induce convergence & divergence by
moving the ____

A

two plates

31
Q

are used in vision therapy to practice seeing with both eyes while moving them together (converging) and apart (diverging)

A

Vectograms

32
Q

Convergence - Fused target appears to float ____the actual target

A

ABOVE

33
Q

Divergence - Fused target appears to float ___ the actual target

A

BEHIND

34
Q

Different types of Vectograms (4)

A
  1. Quoit
  2. Clown
  3. Chicago skyline
  4. Mother-goose
35
Q

is most common type of vectogram. You can perceive floating.

A

Quoit

36
Q

Px has convergence insufficiency

what type of demand do we exercise?

A

BO

37
Q

TESTS FOR STEREOACUITY (6)

A

● Stereofly
● Randot stereotest
● Random dot E stereo test
● Stereobutterfly
● Lang Stereo test (elephant,
star, etc)
● Frisbee (naked eye)

38
Q

in Stereobutterfly, what part of the butterfly floats?

A

wings

39
Q

type of fusion where CONVERGENCE & DIVERGENCE TRAINING

A

MOTOR FUSION

40
Q

VT MOTOR FUSION SAMPLES (6)

A

ABBV TL

●Aperture Rule
●Brock String
●Barrel Convergence Card
●Vectograms
●Tranaglyph
●Life Saver Cards

41
Q

This fusion has influence of extraocular muscles

A

motor fusion

42
Q
  • Training for px with convergence insufficiency
  • We are training px to converge
    -Gives us an idea to where our left and right eye is pointing (for localization)
A

BROCK STRING

43
Q

is a vision therapy tool that gives immediate feedback whether a patient is using both eyes when focusing
near and far.

A

Brock string

44
Q

Brock String trains convergence more but also can be used for
both esotropia and exotropia.

A

true

45
Q

Why do esotropia need to exercise brock string?

A

In order for both eyes work.

46
Q

brock string is Done either with or without correction.

A

true

47
Q

*if px doesn’t see a string, meaning there is _____.

A

suppression

48
Q

*if px cannot see red bead

A

instruct the patient to touch the bead

49
Q

Purpose: convergence, divergence training (but more on CONVERGENCE)

Has transparent and opaque cards

A

LIFE SAVER CARDS

50
Q

In performing life saver cards, we look at the ______ with the tip of the
pen in the ____of the red and
green targets.
Slowly move the target towards
you until you see ___ circles.
The red and green may ___
when it is nearer already.

A

bottom target
center
three
overlap

51
Q
  • Available in clear or opaque background.
  • No glasses required.
A

life saver card

52
Q

in life saver cards, Demand for both BI and BO increases as you try to
___ wider separated targets or move the card ____

A

fuse
closer

53
Q

Clear card (life saver card) best for ___and best at end of training

A

BI

54
Q

Patient should see three lifesaver circles when ____.

A

fused

55
Q

Stereopsis is noted by the middle circle being perceived closer for ___and further away for ___.

A

BO
BI

56
Q

BRUCKNER
Darker reflex – ___ eye
Lighter reflex – _____eye

A

fixating
non fixating

57
Q
  • For convergence
  • One side: red | other side: green
  • We place the card between our eyes and then let the px fixate at the further colors.
  • Red and green should fight.
A

BARREL CONVERGENCE CARDS

58
Q

Training card has 3 red
targets printed in exact opposition to three green targets.

Convergence is jumped from
one target to the other.

A

BARREL CONVERGENCE CARDS

59
Q

Procedure: Place barrel card vertically in between the eyes, so that all the red barrels are seen by one eye &
green barrels seen by other.

Focus & bring each set of
barrels into a ____

A

Single barrel

60
Q

Help train vergence and accommodation simultaneously.

Train patients with shallow to moderate
suppression

A

APERTURE RULE

61
Q

Procedure: Set up aperture rule trainer stand at comfortable height for patient. Place target slides on
____ at appropriate position & place either single or double aperture on trainer at indicated position.
Position patient’s ___ against one end of trainer & try to____ target into single, clear image.

A

Trainer
Nose
Fuse

62
Q

Two Types of Apertures

A
  1. Single Aperture: Convergence (BO demand)
  2. Double Aperture: Divergence (BI demand)
63
Q

type of aperture rule where viewed target must be fused to 1

A

Single Aperture: Convergence (BO demand)

64
Q

type of aperture rule where viewed target seen must be 2

A

Double Aperture: Divergence (BI demand)

65
Q

aperture rule must be ____. The Px must place his nose at the end
of the rule while viewing the target.

A

eye level

66
Q

first degree targets are used to test and train (3)

A

Vertical phoria
Lateral phoria
Suppression

67
Q

monocular cues (5)

A

PT VOS

parallax
texture
velocity
overlap,
shadowing

vision rehab (4 decks)

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