Preface

Question 1

freshen

Answer 1

freshen
verb
uk /ˈfreʃ.ən/
us /ˈfreʃ.ən/
AIR

[ T ]
(also freshen up)
to make something cleaner and/or cooler
refrescar
She opened a window to freshen up the room. Abrió una ventana para airear la habitación.
[ I ] UK
If a wind freshens, it becomes stronger and cooler.
soplar más fuerte
The wind is expected to freshen as it moves in from the east. Se espera que el viento refresque a medida que avanza desde el este.

It has been a long-awaited chance to freshen it while still staying

Question 2

came out

Answer 2

come out
phrasal verb with come verb
uk /kʌm/
us /kʌm/
came | come
BE PUBLISHED

B1
If a book, record, film, etc. comes out, it becomes available for people to buy or see.
salir
When does their new album come out? ¿Cuándo sale su nuevo álbum?
Fewer examples

• My novel is coming out in paperback next spring.
• Their new album came out last week.
• The movie is coming out this summer.
• When his book came out, he found himself splashed all over the press.

Although the book first came out in 1936,

Question 3

strike/touch a chord

Answer 3

strike/touch a chord
to make sb feel sympathy or understanding
tocar la fibra sensible
Her story struck a chord with me. Su historia me tocó la fibra sensible.

noun [ C ]
uk /kɔːd/
us /kɔːrd/
MUSIC
Add to word list
three

The book has struck a chord for generation after generation

Question 4

parodied

Answer 4

parody
verb [ T ]
uk /ˈpær.ə.di/
us /ˈper.ə.di/
to copy the style of someone or something in a humorous way:
One of the papers is running a competition in which you have to parody a well-known author.

The title alone has become a household phrase, often quoted, paraphrased, and parodied,

Question 5

faddish

Answer 5

faddish
adjective
uk /ˈfæd.ɪʃ/
us /ˈfæd.ɪʃ/

fashionable but not likely to stay fashionable for a long time:
Faddish diets are unlikely to work in the long term.

It touched a nerve and filled a need that was more than a faddish phenomenon of post-Depression days,

Question 6

anew

Answer 6

anew
again or one more time, especially in a different way
adverb
formal
uk /əˈnjuː/
us /əˈnuː/

anew
again or one more time, especially in a different way:
The film tells anew the story of his rise to fame and power.
Synonym
afresh

Each generation has discovered it anew and has found it relevant.

Question 7

paragon

Answer 7

paragon
a person or thing that is perfect or has an extremely large amount of a particular good characteristic
noun [ C ]
uk /ˈpær.ə.ɡən/
us /ˈper.ə.ɡɑːn/

paragon
a person or thing that is perfect or has an extremely large amount of a particular good characteristic:
In the novel, Constanza is a paragon of virtue.

How to Win Friends and Influence People, which has sold more than 30 million copies, is not just a paragon of its genre:

Question 8

genre

Answer 8

genre
a style, especially in the arts, that involves a particular set of characteristics
noun [ C ]
formal
uk /ˈʒɑ̃ː.rə/ /ˈʒɒn.rə/
us /ˈʒɑːn.rə/

genre
a style, especially in the arts, that involves a particular set of characteristics:
What genre does the book fall into - comedy or tragedy?
a literary/musical/film genre

How to Win Friends and Influence People, which has sold more than 30 million copies, is not just a paragon of its genre:

Question 9

sought

Answer 9

sought
verb
uk /sɔːt/
us /sɑːt/

past simple and past participle of seek

seek
verb
formal
uk /siːk/
us /siːk/
sought | sought
seek verb (SEARCH)

B2 [ T ]
to try to find or get something, especially something that is not a physical object:
“Are you actively seeking jobs?” she asked.
Hundreds of dissidents are seeking refuge/asylum in the US embassy.
Synonyms
hunt (SEARCH)
look (SEARCH)
search

C2 [ I + to infinitive ]
to try or attempt:
They sought to reassure the public.

Dale Carnegie sought to change that.

Question 10

taking off

Answer 10

(SUCCEED)
B2
to suddenly start to be successful or popular:
Her singing career had just begun to take off.

take something off
phrasal verb with take verb
uk /teɪk/
us /teɪk/
took | taken
(REMOVE)

A2
to remove something, especially clothes:
He took off his clothes and got into the shower.
After the poisoning scare, the product was taken off the shelves/the market (= removed from sale).

His business was taking off and keeping him busy,

Question 11

reluctant

Answer 11

reluctant
adjective
uk /rɪˈlʌk.tənt/
us /rɪˈlʌk.tənt/

C1
not willing to do something and therefore slow to do it:
[ + to infinitive ] I was having such a good time I was reluctant to leave.
Many parents feel reluctant to talk openly with their children.
She persuaded her reluctant husband to take a trip to Florida with her.

At first my father was reluctant to take time out from his classes for a project of that scope,

Question 12

grip

Answer 12

grip verb (EMOTION)
C2 [ T usually passive ]
When an emotion such as fear grips you, you feel it strongly:
be gripped by Then he turned towards me, and I was suddenly gripped by fear.

grip
verb
uk /ɡrɪp/
us /ɡrɪp/
-pp-
grip verb (HOLD)

B2 [ I or T ]
to hold very tightly:
The baby gripped my finger with her tiny hand.
Old tyres won’t grip (= stay on the surface of the road) in the rain very well.

By the mid-1930s the grip of the Great Depression was starting to ease.

Question 13

looming

Answer 13

loom verb [I] (CAUSE WORRY)
C2
If an unwanted or unpleasant event looms, it seems likely to happen soon and causes worry:
* Her final exams are looming.
* Here, too, the threat of unemployment has been looming on the horizon.
* The threat of closure looms over the workforce.

looming
adjective
uk /ˈluː.mɪŋ/
us /ˈluː.mɪŋ/

(of something unwanted or unpleasant) about to happen soon and causing worry:
the looming crisis

Although war was looming in Europe, in America people were beginning to look ahead to rebuild both the economy

Question 14

ripe for

Answer 14

ripe for something
idiom

C2
developed to a suitable condition for something to happen:
The company is ripe for takeover.

ripe
adjective
uk /raɪp/
us /raɪp/
ripe adjective (FRUIT/CROPS)

B2
(of fruit or crops) completely developed and ready to be collected or eaten:
Those bananas aren’t ripe yet - they’re still green.

and people wanted to realize their potential as they looked ahead to a better future. The time was ripe for a book like How to Win Friends.

Question 15

snatching up

Answer 15

snatch
verb [ T ]
uk /snætʃ/
us /snætʃ/
snatch verb [T] (TAKE QUICKLY)

C2
to take hold of something suddenly and roughly:
* He snatched the photos out of my hand before I had a chance to look at them.
* figurative Running the best race of his career, Fletcher snatched (= only just won) the gold medal from the Canadian champion.

to take something or someone away by force:
* The six-year-old girl was snatched from a playground and her body was found two days later.
* She had her purse snatched (= stolen) while she was shopping.

Synonyms
abduct (TAKE A PERSON)
kidnap

When How to Win Friends hit the stands, it touched a nerve and the public responded, snatching up a quarter of a million copies in the first three months.

Question 16

psyche

Answer 16

psyche
noun [ C usually singular ]
uk /ˈsaɪ.ki/
us /ˈsaɪ.ki/

the mind, or the deepest thoughts, feelings, or beliefs of a person or group:
* the male psyche
* Peru is a very traditional country, and embedded in its psyche is a love of ceremony.

which tells us that the craving for connection to others and the need to grow is a part of the human psyche.

Question 17

appeal

Answer 17

appeal noun (QUALITY)
B2 [ U ]
the quality in someone or something that makes him, her, or it attractive or interesting:
* lose appeal This used to be a marvellous hotel, but it has lost its appeal in recent years.
* sex appeal The actor has a lot of sex appeal.
* wide appeal Spielberg’s movies have a wide appeal.

appeal
noun
uk /əˈpiːl/
us /əˈpiːl/
appeal noun (REQUEST)

C1 [ C ]
a request to the public for money, information, or help:
* They’re launching (= starting) an appeal to raise money for famine victims.
* [ + to infinitive ] The police have issued an appeal to the public to stay away from the area over the weekend.
Synonyms
entreaty
plea (REQUEST) formal
prayer
request

Why revise a classic that has proven itself to have timeless value and which continues to have universal appeal?

Question 18

straying

Answer 18

stray
verb [ I ]
uk /streɪ/
us /streɪ/

to travel along a route that was not originally intended, or to move outside a limited area:
* A herd of cattle had strayed into the road.
* They got lost when they strayed too far from the path.
* The ship strayed off course during the storm.

to start thinking or talking about a different subject from the one you should be giving attention to:
* I think we’ve strayed too far from our original plan.
* Sorry - I’ve strayed from the subject.

my father’s tradition of keeping his work timely for the next generation of readers without straying from the powerful authenticity of the original.

Question 19

exuberant

Answer 19

exuberant
adjective
uk /ɪɡˈzjuː.bər.ənt/
us /ɪɡˈzuː.bɚ.ənt/
exuberant adjective (PEOPLE)

(especially of people and their behaviour) very energetic:
Young and exuberant, he symbolizes Italy’s new vitality.

My father wrote just as he spoke, in an intensely exuberant, conversational manner stemming from his rural Midwestern roots,

Question 20

stemming from

Answer 20

stem from something
phrasal verb with stem verb [ T ]
uk /stem/
us /stem/
-mm-

C1
to start or develop as the result of something:
* Her problems stem from her difficult childhood.
* Their disagreement stemmed from a misunderstanding.

My father wrote just as he spoke, in an intensely exuberant, conversational manner stemming from his rural Midwestern roots,

Question 21

breezy

Answer 21

breezy adjective (HAPPY)
happy, confident, and enthusiastic:
He had the breezy manner of a salesman.

breezy
adjective
uk /ˈbriː.zi/
us /ˈbriː.zi/
breezy adjective (WINDY)

with wind that is quite strong but pleasant:
It was a breezy day, just right for sailing.

We have kept the breezy, brash Carnegie style— even the ’30s slang is still there—

Question 22

brash

Answer 22

brash
adjective
disapproving
uk /bræʃ/
us /bræʃ/

(of people) showing too much confidence and too little respect:
a brash young banker

We have kept the breezy, brash Carnegie style— even the ’30s slang is still there—

Question 23

slang

Answer 23

slang
noun [ U ]
uk /slæŋ/
us /slæŋ/

C1
very informal language that is usually spoken rather than written, used especially by particular groups of people:
* army slang
* a slang expression
* “Chicken” is slang for someone who isn’t very brave.

Synonym
argot

We have kept the breezy, brash Carnegie style— even the ’30s slang is still there—

Question 24

undiluted

Answer 24

undiluted
adjective
uk /ˌʌn.daɪˈluː.tɪd/
us /ˌʌn.daɪˈluː.t̬ɪd/

If a liquid is undiluted it has not been mixed with water to make it less strong.

If the truth or a fact, etc. is undiluted it is stated in a simple, clear way, without trying to disguise it or make it easier to accept.

so we started fresh and worked from the first 1936 edition, the undiluted source.

Question 25

cutting edge

Answer 25

the cutting edge
noun [ S ]
uk /ˌkʌt.ɪŋ ˈedʒ/
us /ˌkʌt̬.ɪŋ ˈedʒ/

the most modern stage of development in a particular type of work or activity:
a company at the cutting edge of mobile communications technology

cutting-edge
adjective [ before noun ]
uk /ˌkʌt.ɪŋˈedʒ/
us /ˌkʌt̬.ɪŋˈedʒ/
C1
very modern and with all the newest features:
cutting-edge design/technology

In today’s world, they are being presented as “cutting edge” strategies by Human Resources and corporate leadership programs.

Question 26

derived

Answer 26

derived
adjective
uk /dɪˈraɪvd/
us

coming from or caused by something else:
derived products

and many of today’s popular books have been derived from the content in How to Win Friends.

Question 27

the linchpin of

Answer 27

linchpin
noun
(also lynchpin)
uk /ˈlɪntʃ.pɪn/
us /ˈlɪntʃ.pɪn/

the linchpin of

the most important member of a group or part of a system, that holds together the other members or parts or makes it possible for them to operate as intended:

Woodford is the linchpin of the British athletics team.

The overriding theme and the linchpin of this book is to see things from the point of view of others.

Question 28

strife

Answer 28

strife
noun [ U ]
formal
uk /straɪf/
us /straɪf/

violent or angry disagreement:
* What are the prospects for overcoming the strife between the Christian minority and Muslim majority?
* 20 years of civil strife have left the country’s economy in ruins.

In our era of political strife and social upheaval,

Question 29

upheaval

Answer 29

upheaval
noun [ C or U ]
uk /ʌpˈhiː.vəl/
us /ʌpˈhiː.vəl/

a great change, especially causing or involving much difficulty, activity, or trouble:
* Yesterday’s coup brought further upheaval to a country already struggling with famine.
* I’m not sure it’s worth the upheaval of moving to gain just a little more space.

In our era of political strife and social upheaval,

Question 30

to mend rifts

Answer 30

mend fences/bridges/relations/rifts
to try to improve a relationship with someone you have had a disagreement with:
The industry is trying to mend fences with government, environmental groups, and the public.

mend
verb [ T ]
uk /mend/
us /mend/

B1
to repair something that is broken or damaged:
* Could you mend this hole in my shirt?
* UK I’ve left my watch at the jeweller’s to be mended.
* UK The plumber came to mend the burst pipe.
* The country’s president is seeking to mend relations with the United States.

explain why others won’t “listen to reason,” and help you to mend rifts with family and friends when it seems beyond hope.

Question 31

fuming

Answer 31

fume
verb [ I ]
uk /fjuːm/
us /fjuːm/

to be very angry, sometimes without expressing it:
* I saw her a week after they’d had the argument and she was still fuming.
* fume at The whole episode left me fuming at the injustice of it all.

My father was still fuming and stomping around the house.

Question 32

nodded

Answer 32

nod
verb [ I or T ]
uk /nɒd/
us /nɑːd/
-dd-

B2
to move your head down and then up, sometimes several times, especially to show agreement, approval, or greeting, or to show something by doing this:
* Many people in the audience nodded in agreement.
* When I suggested a walk, Elena nodded enthusiastically.
* She looked up and nodded for me to come in.

Compare
shake verb (MOVE)

nodded

past simple and past participle of nod

When the guest commented on it, my mother nodded toward him and said,

Question 33

weeding out

Answer 33

weed something/someone out
**phrasal verb **with weed verb [ I or T ]

uk /wiːd/
us /wiːd/

to get rid of unwanted things or people from a group:
The first round of interviews only really serves to weed out the very weakest of applicants.

and together we reviewed and analyzed every line of How to Win Friends and Influence People again and again, weeding out extraneous material and carefully debating the merits of any change we made,

Question 34

unflagging

Answer 34

unflagging
adjective

uk /ʌnˈflæɡ.ɪŋ/
us /ʌnˈflæɡ.ɪŋ/

If a quality, such as energy, interest, or enthusiasm, is unflagging, it never becomes weaker:
He thanked Tony for his unflagging energy and support.

Synonyms
indefatigable formal
tireless
untiring
unwavering (NOT CHANGING)

Opposites
faltering (FAILING)
flagging
wavering

our editor at S& S, whose support for this revision was unflagging, and