Preface Flashcards
______ Chapters 1 and 2 explain what _____ ___are, what
they do, and how they are ______ and ______. These chapters discuss what the common features of an ______ _____ are and what an
______ _____ does for the ___. We include coverage of both ______ __ and ______ _____ ___and ______ _____ for ______ _____. The presentation is motivational and explanatory in nature. We
have avoided a discussion of how things are done ______ in these chapters. Therefore, they are suitable for individual readers or for students in
lower-level classes who want to learn what an ______ _____ is without
getting into the details of the ______ _____.
Overview. Chapters 1 and 2 explain what operating systems are, what
they do, and how they are designed and constructed. These chapters discuss what the common features of an operating system are and what an
operating system does for the user. We include coverage of both traditional PC and server operating systems and operating systems for mobile
devices. The presentation is motivational and explanatory in nature. We
have avoided a discussion of how things are done internally in these chapters. Therefore, they are suitable for individual readers or for students in
lower-level classes who want to learn what an operating system is without
getting into the details of the internal algorithms.
______ _____
Chapters 3 through 5 describe the ______ _____
and ______ as the heart of modern operating systems. A ______ is
the ______ of ______ in a system. Such a system consists of a ______ of
______ executing ______ , some ______ operating-system code
and others executing user code. These chapters cover methods for ______ _____ and ______ _____. Also included is a detailed
discussion of ______, as well as an examination of issues related to ______ _____ and ______ _____
Process management.
Chapters 3 through 5 describe the process concept
and concurrency as the heart of modern operating systems. A process is
the unit of work in a system. Such a system consists of a collection of
concurrently executing processes, some executing operating-system code
and others executing user code. These chapters cover methods for process
scheduling and interprocess communication. Also included is a detailed
discussion of threads, as well as an examination of issues related to multicore systems and parallel programming
______ _____
Chapters 6 through 8 cover methods for ______ _____ and ______ _____. Because we have increased the
coverage of ______ _____, we have divided the former Chapter
5 (______ _____) into two separate chapters: Chapter 6, ______ _____, and Chapter 7, ______ _____.
Process synchronization.
Chapters 6 through 8 cover methods for process
synchronization and deadlock handling. Because we have increased the
coverage of process synchronization, we have divided the former Chapter
5 (Process Synchronization) into two separate chapters: Chapter 6, Synchronization Tools, and Chapter 7, Synchronization Examples.
______ _____.
Chapters 9 and 10 deal with the management of ______ _____ during the execution of a ______ _____. To improve both the utilization of the ______ and the speed of its response to its ______, the computer must keep several ______ in ______. There are many different ______-_____schemes, reflecting various approaches to ______ _____, and the effectiveness of a particular ______ depends on
the situation.
Memory management.
Chapters 9 and 10 deal with the management of main memory during the execution of a process. To improve both the utilization of the CPU and the speed of its response to its users, the computer must keep several processes in memory. There are many different memory-management schemes, reflecting various approaches to memory management, and the effectiveness of a particular algorithm depends on
the situation.
______ _____.
Chapters 11 and 12 describe how and ___ are handled in a modern computer system. __ _____ that attach to a computer vary widely, and the operating system needs to provide a wide range of functionality to ______ to allow them to control all
______ of these ______. We discuss ______ __ in depth, including ______ _____ _____, ______, and ______ _____ ______ and ______. In many ways, __ _____ are the slowest ______ _____ of the computer. Because they represent a performance bottleneck, we also examine performance issues associated with __
_____.
Storage management.
Chapters 11 and 12 describe how mass storage and
I/O are handled in a modern computer system. The I/O devices that attach to a computer vary widely, and the operating system needs to provide a wide range of functionality to applications to allow them to control all
aspects of these devices. We discuss system I/O in depth, including I/O system design, interfaces, and internal system structures and functions. In many ways, I/O devices are the slowest major components of the computer. Because they represent a performance bottleneck, we also examine performance issues associated with I/O devices.
______ _____.
Chapters 13 through 15 discuss how ______ _____ are handled in a modern computer system. ______ _____ provide the mechanism for ______ _____ of and access to both ______ and ______. We describe the ______ _____ ______ and ______ of ______ _____ and provide a firm practical understanding of the algorithms used— their ______, ______ , and ______ .
File systems. Chapters 13 through 15 discuss how file systems are handled in a modern computer system. File systems provide the mechanism for online storage of and access to both data and programs. We describe the classic internal algorithms and structures of storage management and provide
a firm practical understanding of the algorithms used— their properties,
advantages, and disadvantages.
______ _____
Chapters 16 and 17 discuss the mechanisms necessary for the ______ and ______ of computer systems. The processes in an operating system must be protected from one ______ _____. To provide such protection, we must ensure that only ______ that have
gained proper ______ from the operating system can operate on the ______, ______, ______, and other ______ of the system. ______ is
a mechanism for controlling the access of ______, ______, or users to ______-_____ _____. This mechanism must provide a means of specifying the controls to be imposed, as well as a means of enforcement. ______ protects the integrity of the information stored in the ______ (both data and code), as well as the ______ ______ of the ______, from
______ _____, malicious ______ or ______, and accidental introduction of inconsistency
Security and protection.
Chapters 16 and 17 discuss the mechanisms necessary for the security and protection of computer systems. The processes
in an operating system must be protected from one another’s activities. To provide such protection, we must ensure that only processes that have
gained proper authorization from the operating system can operate on the files, memory, CPU, and other resources of the system. Protection is
a mechanism for controlling the access of programs, processes, or users to computer-system resources. This mechanism must provide a means of specifying the controls to be imposed, as well as a means of enforcement. Security protects the integrity of the information stored in the system(both data and code), as well as the physical resources of the system, from
unauthorized access, malicious destruction or alteration, and accidental introduction of inconsistency
______ ______.
Chapters 18 and 19 discuss ______ ______ and ______/______ ______. Chapter 18 provides an overview of ______ ______ and their relationship to contemporary ______ ______ . Included is a general description of the hardware and software techniques that make ______ possible. Chapter 19 provides an
overview of ______ ______ and ______ ______ , with a focus on the Internet and __/__
Advanced topics.
Chapters 18 and 19 discuss virtual machines and networks/distributed systems. Chapter 18 provides an overview of virtual machines and their relationship to contemporary operating
systems. Included is a general description of the hardware and software techniques that make virtualization possible. Chapter 19 provides an
overview of computer networks and distributed systems, with a focus on the Internet and TCP/IP
______ ____.
Chapter 20 and 21 present detailed ______ ______ of two real ______ ______—______ and ______ .
Case studies. Chapter 20 and 21 present detailed case studies of two real operating systems—Linux and Windows 10.
POSIX.
POSIX (which stands for Portable Operating System Interface) represents a set of ______ implemented primarily for UNIX-based operating systems. Although ______ ______ can also run certain POSIX programs, our coverage of POSIX focuses on ______ and ______ ______. POSIX ______ ______ must implement the POSIX ______ ______(POSIX.1); ______ and ______ are examples of POSIX-______ ______. POSIX also defines several ______ to the ______, including ______-______extensions (POSIX.1b) and an extension for a ______ ______ (POSIX.1c, better known as ______). We provide several programming examples written in C illustrating the POSIX ______ ______, as well as ______ and the extensions for ______-______ programming. These example programs were tested on ______ _ and ______ __ systems using the __ ______.
POSIX. POSIX (which stands for Portable Operating System Interface) represents a set of standards implemented primarily for UNIX-based operating systems. Although Windows systems can also run certain POSIX programs, our coverage of POSIX focuses on Linux and UNIX systems. POSIX compliant systems must implement the POSIX core standard (POSIX.1); Linux and macOS are examples of POSIX-compliant systems. POSIX also defines several extensions to the standards, including real-time extensions (POSIX.1b) and an extension for a threads library (POSIX.1c, better known
as Pthreads). We provide several programming examples written in C illustrating the POSIX base API, as well as Pthreads and the extensions for real-time programming. These example programs were tested on Linux 4.4
and macOS 10.11 systems using the gcc compiler.
______.
______ is a widely used programming language with a rich ______ and
built-in language support for ______ and ______ programming. ______ ______ run on any operating system supporting a ______ ______ ______
(or __). We illustrate various ______-______ and ______ ______ with ______ ______ tested using Version 1.8 of the ______ ______ ______
(__).
Java.
Java is a widely used programming language with a rich API and built-in language support for concurrent and parallel programming. Java programs run on any operating system supporting a Java virtual machine (or JVM). We illustrate various operating-system and networking concepts with Java programs tested using Version 1.8 of the Java Development Kit (JDK).
______ ______. The primary ______ ______ for ______ ______ is the ______ __, which provides a comprehensive set of ______ for managing ______, ______, ______, and ______ ______. We supply a modest number of _ ______ illustrating the use of this __. Programs were tested on a system running ______ __
Windows systems. The primary programming environment for Windows systems is the Windows API, which provides a comprehensive set of functions for managing processes, threads, memory, and peripheral devices. We supply a modest number of C programs illustrating the use of this API. Programs were tested on a system running Windows 10
