Predicted Questions Flashcards
Explain what is meant by the term species.
- Idea that the species is reproductively isolated.
-Produce fertile offspring
-Many common features/homologous.
(anatomically, structurally, behaviorally similar)
Explain what is meant by endemic species.
Idea of the species being found in only one specific geographical location.
Explain what is meant by the term niche.
A niche is the functional role of an organism in its habitat.
Name the 3 domains of organisms.
eukarya, archaea, bacteria
Three species of sloth (Bradypus, Cholepus didactylus, Choleus hoffmanni) are described. It’s belived that Choleus.D and Choleus.H shared a common ancestor before becoming isolated. Explain why they are now classed as different species.
-No longer able to interbreed and produce fertile offspring.
-Populations have become reproductively isolated
How does seperate evolution occur?
Idea of geographical isolation, different habitats, different selection pressures, mutation resulted in adaptation, decreased gene flow, reproductive isolation.
Type of bond between adjacent amino acids.
Peptide bond
Reaction involved in formation of peptide bond.
Condensation
Draw structure of amino acid.
H H O
N C C
H R OH
Describe amino acid structure.
Amino group, carboxyl group attached to central carbon. Central carbon has an R group and hydrogen attached.
Explain what is meant by the term molecular phylogeny.
molecular differences/similarities in amino acid sequences, base sequence of DNA/RNA, in proteins, relationships between organisms
Explain role of o2 in aerobic respiration.
Oxygen is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain. This enables oxidative phosphorylation to occur in order for ATP to be synthesised.
Explain the need for reduced NAD to be oxidised in the mitochondria of the sloth.
-Hydrogen can be delivered to the electron transport chain.
-to allow ATP synthesis
-to regenerate NAD to keep KREB cycle going
Sloths can be possible hosts for arthropod-borne viruses. Describe the structure of a virus.
Contain nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) surrounded by a protein coat. A viral envelope may be present, as well as enzymes like DNA integrase. Glycoproteins on the surface for attachment to host cell receptors.
Monomer that makes up cellulose?
Beta-glucose
Cellulose held together by bundles called microfibrils. These are embedded into matrix containing Calcium Pectate. Where is Calcium Pectate found?
The middle lamella
Describe the structure of a cellulose microfibril.
-Contains beta glucose
-joined by condensation reaction
-have 1-4 glycosidic bonds
-unbranched chain
-cellulose chains held together by hydrogen bonds.
What chemical reaction takes place to break down/decompose sloth dung?
Hydrolosis
Role of bacteria in the decomposition of sloth dung?
Decomposition is the breakdown of organic matter.
Bacteria produces hydrolytic enzymes.
The organic matter gives the bacteria the substrates it needs for respiration.
What would temp increase do to rate of decomposition of sloth dung?
Increase rate of decomposition increases. Hydrolytic enzymes gain more kinetic energy. More enzyme/substrate molecules.
Increase in rate at which bacteria can increase.
Optimum temp.
Enzymes can denature due to high temps.
How is increased sweating involved in the regulation of body temp?
heat from blood in capillaries absorbed by sweat, used to break H+ bonds in water, water evaporates, taking heat from body, resulting in cooling.
Describe the role of the hypothalamus in maintaining steady internal temp.
Thermo-receptors detect temp change.
Impulses sent to the thermoregulatory control centre.
Hypothalamus sends impulse via motor neurones to appropriate named effector.
Vasodilation happens.
Tendons are:
Flexible, non-elastic tissues connecting bone to muscle.
Ligaments are:
Flexible tissue connecting bone to bone.
