Predicted paper mistakes Flashcards
Specialised cell
A cell that differentiates to carry out a specific function
Substances travelling from respiring cells into the blood
Carbon dioxide
Lactic acid
Water
How does glucose move from the blood into muscle cells?
Glucose moves from the blood into muscle cells by diffusion, with a higher concentration of glucose in the blood than in the muscle cells
Reasons for negative percentage changes of parsnip cylinder in solution
Higher concentration of water molecules inside the cell than outside, so water moves out of the cell/cylinders into the solution by osmosis
How does the surface area of plant tissue affect osmosis?
The greater the surface area of the plant tissue, the more water moved across the cells and cylinder/solution
How to calculate the rate of respiration
By measuring the volume of CO2 produced(in a measuring cylinder/gas syringe) in a certain time period(stopwatch)
Why are yeast cells important to the brewing and baking industries?
Baking produces CO2 which makes bread rise.
Brewing produces ethanol, with CO2 making alcohol drinks fizzy and ethanol the alcohol in alcoholic drinks
Protease enzymes
Catalyse breakdown of proteins into amino acids
Components of blood carried in the blood plasma
Red blood cells
Platelets
What happens to an enzyme of the temperature is too high?
If a temperature is too high, some of the bonds holding the enzyme break, changing the shape of the enzyme’s active site so it doesn’t work
Structure of lungs
1) The thorax is the top part of the body, separated from the lower part of the body by the diaphragm.
2) The lungs are protected by the ribcage.
3) The air you breathe in goes through the trachea, splitting into two tubes called bronchi(each one is a bronchus), one going to each lung.
4) The bronchi split into progressively smaller tubes called bronchioles.
5) The bronchioles finally end at small bags called alveoli where gas exchange takes place.
Benign tumour
A mass of abnormal cells not invading other parts of the body
Why does increasing air movement around a plant’s leaves increase the rate of transpiration?
This increases the rate of diffusion, with water vapour diffusing from the plant’s leaves into the surrounding air, as the water vapour surrounding the leaf is swept away
How mosquito nets help to prevent the spread of malaria
Mosquito nets stop people being infected with the protist causing malaria(stops people being bitten by mosquitoes)
Muscle fatigue
Muscle fatigue is where the muscles tire and can’t contract efficiently, after large periods of exercise.
How do plants make proteins?
Glucose is combined with nitrate ions from the soil to make amino acids, made into proteins
Exchange surface for animals adapted
Thin membrane
Large surface area
Ventilation
Lots of blood cells
Exchange in plants
The surface of the leaf is flattened, for more gas exchange by diffusion.
Guard cells open and close the stomata for gas exchange and water loss
Exchange in fish
Fish have a large surface area for gas exchange(gills). Water enters the fish through the mouth and goes out through the gills. The oxygen’s transported from the water to the blood by diffusion. CO2 diffuses from the nlood to the water. Each gill has gill filaments for a large surface area for the gills.
Lamellae cover each gill fillament to firther increase the surface area for gas exchange.
Capillaries provide a good blood supply to help with diffusion.
Why are malignant tumours more dangerous than benign tumours
Because malignant tumpurs can spread and invade neighbouring tissues before breaking off and spreading to other parts of the body forming secondary tumours
Internal conditions your body needs to keepconstant to survive
Body temperature
Water content levels
Blood sugar levels
Why is it important for the body temperature to be maintained at a certain level?
So the cells and enzymes have the right conditions to function
Are gametes genetically identical to each other?
No- never
How does draining peat bogs to produce compost contribute to global warming?
This causes peat bogs to decompose, releasing CO2, which increases global warming
How does global warming lead to the destruction of the low-lying habitats?
Global war,ing causes water to expand, causing rising sea levels, leading to flooding of low-lying land, so destruction of habitats
Disadvantages of embryonic screening
Expensive
Risk of damaging embryo
Pregnancy termination
Dominant allele
Only one copy of the allele is enough for it t9 be expressed
Why are predator-prey cycles out of phase?
It takes a while for one population to respond to changes in another
How will injecting FSH and LH help a woman hecome pregnant?
FSH causes several eggs to mature in the ovary, then LH causes release of the egg, so more eggs are present, therefore a higher probability/chance of fertilisation
Main difference in cell division to form sperm cells compared with cell division to form liver cells
Meiosis forms sperm and mitosis forms liver cells
Why polar bears find it harder to catch seals in autumn than in spring?
More competition between polar bears
All/most seals in the sea
