Predation

Question 1

True predation

Answer 1

consumption of all or part of an organism

prey is alive when first attacked

Question 2

types of predator (diet)

Answer 2

carnivores
herbivores
omnivores

Question 3

types of predator

Answer 3

true predators
grazers
parasites
parasitoids

Question 4

3 key important factors with predators and prey

Answer 4

probability of being encountered
probability of being attacked
probability of being consumed

Question 5

What attributes of predators and prey influence the probability of being encountered?

Answer 5

activity patterns, refuges, crypsis

Question 6

What attributes of predators and prey influence the probability of being attacked?

Answer 6

level of hunger, prey mobility, prey size, behaviour

Question 7

What attributes of predators and prey influence the probability of being consumed?

Answer 7

prey size, prey escape behaviour, prey defences

Question 8

energy gained during feeding period =

Answer 8

fx Time searching + Time handling

Question 9

Optimal foraging theory

Answer 9

foragers should prefer most profitable prey

Question 10

Forager +food availability

Answer 10

an efficient forager should broaden its diet to include low value prey when high value prey decrease in abundance

Question 11

Monophagous

Answer 11

one prey type (parasitoids and parasites)

specialists

Question 12

Oligophagous

Answer 12

few prey types (parasites and true predators)

specialists

Question 13

Polyphagous

Answer 13

many prey types (grazers and true predators)

specialists

Question 14

When handling times are short, relative to search time, it makes sense to be a…

Answer 14

generalist (e.g. insectivorous birds)

Question 15

When handling times are long, relative to search time, it makes sense to be a…

Answer 15

specialist (e.g. lions)

Question 16

Generalists will…

Answer 16

pursue a large proportion of what they encounter, regardless of profitability of prey

Question 17

Specialists will…

Answer 17

keep searching until find preferred (most profitable)

Question 18

Type 1 predation

Answer 18

Feeding rate = aN
Attack rate = a
Prey density = n

Question 19

Type 2 predation

Answer 19

Feeding rate = aN/ (1+ahN)

Handling time = h

Question 20

Type 3 predation

Answer 20

Feeding rate = CN2/d2+N2
Max feeding rate c = h-1
Half saturation constant d = (ah) - 1

Question 21

Change in prey population

Lotka-Volterra

Answer 21

dN/dt = rN - aPN
a = attack rate
P = number of predators
N = number of prey
r = constant, pop. growth rate

Question 22

Change in predator population

Lotka-Volterra

Answer 22

dP/dt = faPN -qP
q = mortality rate
P = number of predators 
N = number of prey 
f = predator's efficiency at turning food into offspring 
a = attack rate