Pre-war Crisises

Question 1

What is the cause of Moroccan crisis

Answer 1

Morocco was situated along the strait of Gibraltar between the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. It had a high strategic value and was rich in natural resources
Because of this, many of the countries want Morocco including France and Germany

Question 2

What is the course of the Moroccan crisis

Answer 2

After signing the 1904 entente cordiale, Britain supported France’s annexation of Morocco. Germany was discontented as it also wanted to occupy Morocco. The German king then took a decisive approach by arriving at tangier, the Moroccan port. He then showed his support to Morocco’s confrontation with France for independence. William II also demanded other European powers to hold an international conference to solve the disputes over Morocco. At the same time, France mobilised troops to prepare for war.

Question 3

What is the name of the conference for the attempt to solve the first Moroccan crisis

Answer 3

Algeciras conference

Question 4

What is the impact of the first Moroccan crisis

Answer 4

The peaceful settlement failed to stem the discontent of Germany and made Germany even more determined to strengthen its military power. Because of Germany’s military power is growing, the Anglo-french relations grew closer.

Question 5

That is the cause of the second Moroccan crisis

Answer 5

France sent troops to Morocco when a civil unrest broke out in 1911. Germany reacted by sending the gunboat, panther, to the Moroccan port of Acadia to preserve germanys interests over there. It also wanted to prevent France from occupying Morocco. Because of this, Britain feared that Germany would seize the chance to establish a naval base in Morocco and the German occupation of Morocco might threaten British naval supremacy.therefore, Britain declared that national honour was more precious than peace and again backed France. Britain also claimed that it would impede all German ships from heading to Morocco with military power.

Question 6

What is the treaty to resolve the 2nd Moroccan crisis

Answer 6

Treaty of Fez

Question 7

What is the Treaty of Fez about

Answer 7

Because Germany had not finished military construction to let its dreadnought sail overseas, it did not dare to take the risk of declaring war. Germany signed the treaty of Fez with France in 1912, Morocco lost its independence and became a french protectorate. Germany was only compensated with part of the territories of french congo

Question 8

What is the impact of the two crisises

Answer 8

Because Germany experienced two failures in disputes over Morocco. Therefore, William ll was determined to renounce using peaceful ways to solve diplomatic conflicts and decided to accelerate naval expansion.
Britain and France became closer to each other and signed a naval agreement after the two crisises. Britain’s navy would be responsible of defending the English Channel and the North Sea. As the triple entente was consolidated, Germany also built closer relations with Austria-Hungary . Hence there were more conflicts between the two opposing alliances in Europe

Question 9

What are the reasons that the powers are ambitious towards the Balkan Peninsula

Answer 9

It was a bridge between Europe and Asia and it could reach the Black Sea, the Aegean Sea, the Adriatic Sea, and the Mediterranean Sea, moreover, the Balkan Peninsula had rich natural recourses, such as coal and iron ore.

Question 10

What is the cause of the Bosnian crisis

Answer 10

Because of the treaty of Berlin, Bosnia and Herzegovina was placed under Austria-Hungary’s occupation through formally remaining as a part of the Ottoman Empire. In the late 19th century, Serbia promoted the greater Serbia movement in an attempt to raise national strength through expansion. It particularly targeted Bosnia and Herzegovina
In 1908, Austria-Hungary took advantage of the civil unrest in the Ottoman Empire to annex Bosnia and Herzegovina. A large scale war did not break out as Britain and Germany intervened to demand international negotiations as Serbia was ready to go into hostility with Austria-Hungary with the support of Russia. Since Russia had not been backed by Britain and it had not been recovered from Russo-Japanese’s war, it decided not to support Serbia’s military action.

Question 11

What is the name of the treaty to resolve the Bosnian crisis

Answer 11

Amending Treaty of Berlin

Question 12

What is the impact when the European powers amended the treaty of Berlin

Answer 12

The Bosnian crisis greatly intensified the balkan tension. Austria-Hungary further extended its sphere of influence in the Balkan Peninsula.A-H wanted to eliminate Serbia and Serbia resented against A-H bc it obstructed greater Serbia movement. This paved the road of Sarajevo assassination in 1914.

Question 13

What is the impact of the relationship between the great powers after the Bosnian crisis with Russia

Answer 13

Diplomatic failure made Russia close to Britain and France. At the same time, the relations between Russia and Germany and Russia with A-H also worsened. In addition, according to the agreement made by the triple alliance, A-H would give part of units territory to Italy including Istria, Dalmatia and Fiume in exchange for Italy’s recognition of A-H’s annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina . A-H broke his promise after the Bosnian crisis. This became the major reason for Italy;s withdrawal from the triple alliance during the WWl

Question 14

What is the cause of the first Balkan war

Answer 14

In 1911, Italy declared war on the Ottoman Empire in oreder seize Libya, the territory of the Ottoman Empire in Africa. The Balkan states also took the chance and started the war. In 1912, Serbia, Bulgaria, Greece and Montenegro declared war on the Ottoman Empire to partition its territories. The first Balkan war broke out

Question 15

What is the treaty of the attempts to solve the first Balkan war

Answer 15

Treaty of london

Question 16

What is the treaty of London about

Answer 16

Serbia longed to seize Albania for a port connecting the Adriatic Sea. However, A-H was afraid of a stronger Serbia and therefore proposed an independent Albania. Italy also had ambitions towards Albania, however A-H also opposed. The powers eventually signed the treaty of London in may 1913 to ensure Albania’s independence

Question 17

What is the impact of the first Balkan war

Answer 17

Bc A-H supported the independence of Albania, it spoiled Serbia’s westward expansion. The conference failed to ease the tension between A-H and Serbia. Italy could not capture Albania, therefore, Italy had a greater desire to withdraw from the triple alliance. In addition, the Ottoman Empire almost lost all of its territory in the Balkan Peninsula. It was partitioned by the Balkan league. Among them. Bulgaria received Macedonia

Question 18

What is the cause of the second Balkan war

Answer 18

Because Bulgaria was discontented with the territorial arrangement made by the treaty of London, Serbia and Greece were also resentful because ,acedonia was Ivan to Bulgaria . In June 1913, Bulgaria suddenly declared war on Serbia. The Balkan league wad dissolved. Romani, Greece, Montenegro and the Ottoman Empire supported Serbia. The second Balkan war broke out

Question 19

What it the name of the treaty to solve the second Balkan war

Answer 19

The treaty of Bucharest

Question 20

What is the treaty of Bucharest about

Answer 20

The victorious countries partitioned Bulgaria’s territorial gains in the first Balkan war. Serbia received the northern and middle part of Macedonia whereas Greece was given the southern part. Albania became an independent state.

Question 21

What is the impact of the second Balkan war

Answer 21

Serbia’s territories increased by one third. Because serbias plan to annex Albania was again obstructed by A-H, Serbia is more determined to take revenge on A-H.russia objected Germany’s expansion in the Balkan Peninsula, and grew more suspicious of Germany . Conflicts between pan-slavish ad pan-germanium became intensified. There were increasing secret actions against A-H within the territory of Serbia, and many believed that a war is inevitable and sped up their armaments expansion , the military expenditure of Germany and A-H doubled. The second Balkan war also cultivated the resentment of Bulgaria towards Russia and Serbia. The Ottoman Empire was worried that Serbia would further expand into the Balkan Peninsula thus Bulgaria and Ottoman Empire joined the triple alliance led by Germany, in WWl both of them were on the side of the central powers

Question 22

What are the attempts of making peace conferences called

Answer 22

Hague conferences

Question 23

What is the result of the both hague conferences

Answer 23

They are both ineffective because in the first Hague conference, due to suspicions among the European powers, no disarmament agreement were reached at the conference,the powers only agreed to establish the permanent court of arbitration to settle international disputes . In the second conference, the European powers feared that disarmament would make them become the targets of th invasion, thus demanding others to disarm first.

Question 24

What is the immediate cause of the outbreak of the WWl

Answer 24

Sarajevo assasination