Pre-Socratics and Sophists Flashcards
Who were the three Milesian Philosopher Scientists?
Thales, Anaximander, Anaximines
Which Milesian philosopher suggested the idea of the Apeiron? (aka the unlimited/boundless)
Anaximander
Thales said all was ____; Anaximines said all was ___;
WATER; AIR
Philosophy emerged when thinkers tried to explain experiences more rationally and scientifically rather than relying on who/what?
Stories and legends of the GODS
Pythagoras studied music, mathematics, mysticism and the idea of the Cosmos aka the ___
AETHER
Pythagoras believed in reincarnation and that a physical body was a punishment or “___” for the soul
PRISON
Heraclitus believed that all was FIRE. He also believed in the ___, in which all things are one and connected.
LOGOS (the word)
Heraclitus believed in ______ and that the universe was always in flux
CHANGE
Who introduced the cyclical explanation of life believing that opposites struggled to be dominant until they left into the boundless (the apieron)?
Ex: night, day, cold seasons, hot seasons
Anaximander
Parmenides believed that there is NO what in the universe? He believed reality is permanent and eternal.
NO CHANGE
Parmenides believed in Metaphysical ____; aka the believe that reality is ONE.
Monism (mono=one)
The Pluralists were philosophers responding to whose theories?
Parmenides
Who were the Pluralists?
Empedocles and Democritus
Parmenides believed that change did not exist. What did the Pluralists believe?
That change exists and REALITY IS MANY
The Pluralist Empedocles believed in the natural forces of ____ and ___ along with earth, air, water, and fire.
LOVE and STRIFE
Pluralist Democritus believed the world and senses were created by ___.
ATOMS
Which Pluralist philosopher believed in the existence of the void?
Democritus
Who were the Sophists?
Protagoras and Gorgias
Who were the Sophists contemporaries of?
Socrates
The Sophists believe “man is the measure of all things” and “truth is relative to belief.” What perspective are they reflecting with these thoughts?
Relativism aka experiences are relative and different for each person.
Skepticism was an attitude attributed to what group of philosophers?
The Sophists; “how could we know what we do not already know?” aka shut yo bitchass up
The term philosophy was coined by Pythagoras by combining two Greek words philo- and sophia, meaning?
Philo - love of
Sophia - wisdom
Gorgias taught rhetoric which was the art of what?
PERSUASION
Which Milesian philosopher believed the world had tubes connected to a wheel of fire in the sky?
Anaximander
