Pre-Socratics and Sophists

Question 1

Who were the three Milesian Philosopher Scientists?

Answer 1

Thales, Anaximander, Anaximines

Question 2

Which Milesian philosopher suggested the idea of the Apeiron? (aka the unlimited/boundless)

Answer 2

Anaximander

Question 3

Thales said all was ____; Anaximines said all was ___;

Answer 3

WATER; AIR

Question 4

Philosophy emerged when thinkers tried to explain experiences more rationally and scientifically rather than relying on who/what?

Answer 4

Stories and legends of the GODS

Question 5

Pythagoras studied music, mathematics, mysticism and the idea of the Cosmos aka the ___

Answer 5

AETHER

Question 6

Pythagoras believed in reincarnation and that a physical body was a punishment or “___” for the soul

Answer 6

PRISON

Question 7

Heraclitus believed that all was FIRE. He also believed in the ___, in which all things are one and connected.

Answer 7

LOGOS (the word)

Question 8

Heraclitus believed in ______ and that the universe was always in flux

Answer 8

CHANGE

Question 9

Who introduced the cyclical explanation of life believing that opposites struggled to be dominant until they left into the boundless (the apieron)?
Ex: night, day, cold seasons, hot seasons

Answer 9

Anaximander

Question 10

Parmenides believed that there is NO what in the universe? He believed reality is permanent and eternal.

Answer 10

NO CHANGE

Question 11

Parmenides believed in Metaphysical ____; aka the believe that reality is ONE.

Answer 11

Monism (mono=one)

Question 12

The Pluralists were philosophers responding to whose theories?

Answer 12

Parmenides

Question 13

Who were the Pluralists?

Answer 13

Empedocles and Democritus

Question 14

Parmenides believed that change did not exist. What did the Pluralists believe?

Answer 14

That change exists and REALITY IS MANY

Question 15

The Pluralist Empedocles believed in the natural forces of ____ and ___ along with earth, air, water, and fire.

Answer 15

LOVE and STRIFE

Question 16

Pluralist Democritus believed the world and senses were created by ___.

Answer 16

ATOMS

Question 17

Which Pluralist philosopher believed in the existence of the void?

Answer 17

Democritus

Question 18

Who were the Sophists?

Answer 18

Protagoras and Gorgias

Question 19

Who were the Sophists contemporaries of?

Answer 19

Socrates

Question 20

The Sophists believe “man is the measure of all things” and “truth is relative to belief.” What perspective are they reflecting with these thoughts?

Answer 20

Relativism aka experiences are relative and different for each person.

Question 21

Skepticism was an attitude attributed to what group of philosophers?

Answer 21

The Sophists; “how could we know what we do not already know?” aka shut yo bitchass up

Question 22

The term philosophy was coined by Pythagoras by combining two Greek words philo- and sophia, meaning?

Answer 22

Philo - love of

Sophia - wisdom

Question 23

Gorgias taught rhetoric which was the art of what?

Answer 23

PERSUASION

Question 24

Which Milesian philosopher believed the world had tubes connected to a wheel of fire in the sky?

Answer 24

Anaximander