Pre-Semester Review

Question 1

K and C have the same ________

Answer 1

Change of magnitude (boiling and freezing are both 100 degrees apart)

Question 2

Kelvin is adjusted so it can never be _____

Answer 2

Negative

Question 3

Formula to convert celcius to kelvin

Answer 3

K = C + 273.15

Question 4

All units of the metric system can be broken into units of ____

Answer 4

SI

Question 5

The unit of volume (m^3) is derived from the unit of length m, most metric volumes are expressed in terms of the unit ____

Answer 5

Liters

Question 6

1 L =

Answer 6

1000cm^3 = 1dm^3

Question 7

the closeness the measurement is to the actual value

Answer 7

accuracy

Question 8

closeness of a set of measurements to one another

Answer 8

precision

Question 9

errors in measurement that are consistently in the same direction

Answer 9

systematic errors

Question 10

produce different values in random errors

Answer 10

random error

Question 11

Properties of matter can either be dependent or independent of the amount of matter present

Answer 11

extensive property and intensive property

Question 12

1 ml

Answer 12

1 cm^3

Question 13

all scientific measurements are reported such that all digits are certain to the last, which is an estimate

Answer 13

uncertainty

Question 14

extensive property

Answer 14

Dependent ( mass, volume)

Question 15

intensive property

Answer 15

independent ( density, boiling point, color)

Question 16

matter

Answer 16

anything that has mas and takes up space

Question 17

All matter is composed of

Answer 17

particles

Question 18

Shape of particles in matter determines

Answer 18

physical and chemical properties

Question 19

The shape that particular form of matter takes is dependent on the force of

Answer 19

intermolecular forces

Question 20

Energy can’t be created or destroyed but change only change forms

Answer 20

law of conservation of energy

Question 21

In a chemical reaction, matter is neither created nor destroyed

Answer 21

law of conservation of mass

Question 22

all samples of a compound, regardless of origin, will have the same ratio of its constituent elements

Answer 22

law of definite proportions

Question 23

when two elements of A and B form two different compounds, the ratio of the masses of element B that combine with one gram of element A will always be a small whole number

Answer 23

law of multiple proportions

Question 24

John Daltons four observations relating to atomic theory

Answer 24

1. All elements are composed of tiny, indestructible particles called atoms.
2. All atoms of a single element are the same and have properties that distinguish them from other
   elements.
3. Atoms combine in simple, whole number ratios to form compounds.
4. Atoms of one element cannot change into atoms of another. Chemical reactions only change how atoms are bonded together

Question 25

Within 100 years of Daltons Atomic Theory, scientists had discovered that atoms were composed of even smaller ____

Answer 25

subatomic particles

Question 26

a negatively charged, “low mass”, particle that resides outside the atomic nucleus responsible for chemical bonding

Answer 26

electron

Question 27

a neutrally charged, “high mass” particle that resides in the atomic nucleus, provides mass and stability for atoms, and is responsible of isotopes

Answer 27

neutron

Question 28

atoms of the same element that have different masses

Answer 28

isotope

Question 29

a positively charged, “high mass” particle that resides in the nucleus and gives atoms their identity

Answer 29

proton

Question 30

the capacity to do work

Answer 30

energy

Question 31

the action of a force through a distance

Answer 31

work

Question 32

total energy

Answer 32

kinetic + thermal

Question 33

energy associated with its motion

Answer 33

kinetic

Question 34

energy associated with its position or composition

Answer 34

potential

Question 35

energy associated with the temperature of an object

Answer 35

thermal energy

Question 36

Units of energy

Answer 36

Joule

Question 37

Joule broken into SI

Answer 37

kg * m^2/s^2

Question 38

amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1 C (=4.184 j)

Answer 38

calorie

Question 39

1000 cal

Answer 39

Calorie

Question 40

Electricity bills are based on another energy unit kilowatt-hour

Answer 40

kWh

Question 41

when the system loses thermal energy

Answer 41

exothermic

Question 42

when the system gains energy

Answer 42

endothermic

Question 43

A specific instance of matter - air, water, sand

Answer 43

substance

Question 44

the relative positions of the particles and how strongly they interact with one another

Answer 44

state of matter

Question 45

made up of only one type of particle and its composition is invariant

Answer 45

pure substance

Question 46

a substance composed of two or more particles in proportions that can vary from one sample to another

Answer 46

mixture

Question 47

a substance that cannot be chemically broken down into simpler substances

Answer 47

element

Question 48

a substance composed of two or more elements in fixed, definite proportions

Answer 48

compound

Question 49

the composition varies from one region to another and isn’t uniformly mixed

Answer 49

heterogenous mixture

Question 50

the same composition throughout

Answer 50

homogenous mixture