Pre-Sace Biology Flashcards
What is half the amount of chromosomes
Haploid
Double the chromosomes
Diploid
What is the resting phase of the cell
Interphase
What is the stage when chromosomes become visible, nuclear envelope dissolves, spindle forms
Prophase
Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
Metaphase
The chromosomes move away to the opposite sides of the cell
Anaphase
The parent cell separates to form two genetically identical daughter cells
Telophase
produces 2 genetically identical diploid body cells
Mitosis
produces 4 genetically different haploid sex cells
Meiosis
uncontrolled cell division
cancer
a change in a DNA sequence
mutation
a picture of chromosomes ordered by size and banding pattern
karyotype
allele
different forms of a gene
DNA that codes for a specific trait
Gene
sperm and egg cells
gamete
body cells
somatic cell
location of a gene on a chromosome
locus
haploid number of human chromosomes
23
diploid number of human chromosomes
46
recessive traits
Trait that is expressed when genotype is homozygous
dominant traits
the trait observed when at least one dominant gene is present
heterozygous
having two different alleles for a trait
homozygous
having two identical alleles for a trait
phenotype
physical characteristics of a trait
genotype
genetic makeup of a trait
homozygous examples
AA and aa
heterozygous example
Aa
incomplete dominance
the traits are blended
co dominance
When both alleles are shown in the phenotype
sex linked traits
when genes are linked to the sex chromosomes
sex linked trait example
haemophilia and colour blindness
autosomal dominant definition
a dominant condition is transmitted from each generation
autosomal recessive trait definition
A recessive trait will only manifest itself when homozygous (rr)
X linked recessive definition
a condition passed down on the x chromosome
autosomes
non sex chromosomes
homologous chromosomes
the 23 pairs of human chromosomes
A
T
C
G
order for the stages of mitosis
IPMAT
