Pre-Revolution Flashcards
What is a revolution?
A large scale change to society, encompassing social, political, and economic transformations felt by all parts of society.
When did the French Revolution start?
The revolution began in 1789.
What is the Divine Right of Kings?
The belief that monarchs are ordained by God to rule, making their authority unquestionable.
Describe the structure of the Ancien Régime in France.
It was divided into three estates: First Estate: Clergy (0.5% of population), Second Estate: Nobility (1.5% of population), Third Estate: Commoners (98% of population).
What were the Enlightenment ideals?
New ideas advocating for reason, scientific method, and questioning traditional authority.
Who were key thinkers of the Enlightenment?
Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, Montesquieu, and Voltaire.
What did John Locke believe about government?
That government’s right to rule comes from the people and that individuals have inalienable rights: life, liberty, and property.
What was a significant problem facing pre-revolutionary France?
Economic turmoil, including high taxes on the Third Estate and poor harvests leading to starvation.
Who was Louis XVI?
The last king of France, known for being indecisive and for his support of the American Revolution.
What was the impact of the Enlightenment on the Third Estate?
It encouraged the Bourgeoisie to challenge the existing social and political order.
