Pre Reformation Church

Question 1

Anti-Clerical

Answer 1

Opposition to or criticism of church personnel

• John Colet attacked the clergy and highlighted issues but was a lone voice
• Richard Hunne was found dead in a cell surrounded by clerics but no action was taken and little dissent to this was shown
• In the 1515 Parliament, there was an attack on Wolsey in response to the Standish Case
• This situation was not worsening as it had been around for generations and all instances were isolated examples with no mass movement

Question 2

Anti-Papalism

Answer 2

Opposition to or criticism of the Pope

• There was a small element of dislike regarding papal influence but, as an international figure stationed far from England, we were fairly removed from the papacy as the English king possessed the authority, such as appointing bishops

Question 3

Erastianism

Answer 3

The belief that the King is or should be the head of the church

Question 4

Heresy

Answer 4

Criticism of the teaching of or doctrine of the church

• The Lollards were the first example of Protestantism but were too small to really pose a threat
• Humanists such as Thomas More, Richard Hunne and John Colet wanted reform but were not heretics
• Heresy was far more prominent in other areas of Europe such as Germany under Martin Luther
• Heresy was not a serious threat due to a lack of noble support

Question 5

Clergy

Answer 5

Church personnel
- Cardinals
- Archbishops
- Bishops
- Priests

Question 6

Laity

Answer 6

The public who attend church

Question 7

Diocese

Answer 7

The specific area or county that a bishops runs

Question 8

Pluralism

Answer 8

Holding more than one position within the church

Question 9

Sexual Misconduct

Answer 9

Disobeying holy oath through illegitimate children

Question 10

Simony

Answer 10

Selling positions within the church to the highest bidder

Question 11

Praemunire

Answer 11

Treason by those within the church
- Challenging the monarch by stating that the church had more power than the crown, going against the divine right of kingship

Question 12

6 core beliefs - Hierarchy

Answer 12

• Pope
• Cardinal
• Archbishop
• Bishop
• Priest

Question 13

6 core beliefs - 7 Sacraments

Answer 13

• Baptism
• Reconciliation
• Communion
• Confirmation
• Ordinances
• Marriage
• Sacrament of the Sick

Question 14

6 core beliefs - Veneration of Saints

Answer 14

• People would know all of the saints and what they were known for
• Most catholic church would have statues of saints to pray to
• National holidays and feasts to honour holy days and feast days
• Relics and pilgrimages around the country
• Monastic orders that follow the lives of saints

Question 15

6 core beliefs - Bishops Episcopy

Answer 15

• Priests and bishops ordained by God and therefore are loyal to God

Question 16

6 core beliefs - Purgatory

Answer 16

• Place between Heaven and Hell to work of sins
• People more concerned with life after death that that on earth
• Masses held in chantries to pray for the dead to move in quickly to heaven
• Leave bequests in wills, hoping that a large sum of money will help them move to heaven faster
• Pay papal indulgences to priests to absolve sins

Question 17

6 core beliefs - Transubstantiation

Answer 17

• Bread and body of christ are physically present in the church when mass is said
• Genuflect when entering church as God is present

Question 18

Lollardism

Answer 18

• Led by John Wycliffe
• An early example of protestantism in England in the mid fourteenth century

Question 19

English Catholic Culture

Answer 19

• Everyone in England was Catholic
• The church would provide care, acting as hospitals
• The church spread key messages from the crown but were often more loyal to the Pope so would announce papal messages first
• Key members of government would also have a role in the church

Question 20

1509 Clerics

Answer 20

• 10,000 monks
• 2,000 nuns
• 900 communities

Question 21

Core Beliefs Reformation

Answer 21

Henry did not change the 6 core beliefs, only the practices associated with them