Pre-Qual Question Bank

Question 1

Question 1
According to STP - What are the 3 Golden rules to follow when applying foam?

Answer 1

1. Do not begin to apply foam unless you have enough to extinguish the fire or cover the spill.
2. Point branch away from fire until good finished foam is being produced.
3. You cannot mix different foam concentrates.

STP #01 Specials - Flammable Liquids and Gases Version 01 dated January 2022 Slide 16

Question 2

Question 2
According to STP - List 3 hazards/considerations when using CAFS at a structure fire.

Answer 2

1. CAFS hose lines have a build up of pressure when the branch is closed; causes larger jet reaction than standard hose.
2. Slug Flow - when the proportion of air, water and foam is wrong, finished foam will shudder or pulsate exiting the branch.
3. CAFS foam does not contain enough water for internal attack.

STP #01 Specials - Flammable Liquids and Gases Version 01 dated January 2022 Slide 28

Question 3

Question 3
According to STP - List 5 actions to take when combatting a natural gas leak with no fire involved.

Answer 3

1. Structural PPE and SCBA
2. Remove ignition sources
3. Respond gas company
4. Evacuate all persons from immediate area
5. Only use intrinsically safe equipment
6. Keep protection line in place using fog
7. If possible, crimp line to stop release of gas

STP #01 Specials - Flammable Liquids and Gases - January 2022 Version 1 Slide 39

Question 4

Question 4
According to STP - Acetylene is a very volatile gas, exploding cylinders can penetrate double brick walls or metal freight containers & land 200m away. How many hours after the cylinder is removed from the fire or heat source, if it is not cooled, can this explosion occur?

Answer 4

24 hours

STP #01 Specials - Flammable Liquids and Gases - January 2022 Version 1 Slide 44

Question 5

Question 5
According to STP - When reading a fire, we need indicators to base our decisions on, what are the most important indicators?

Answer 5

B-SAHF

Building
Smoke
Air Track
Heat
Flame

STP #08 Operational Firefighting - Operational Entry and Use of Hoses and Branches Version 1 dated March 2022 Slide 7

Question 6

Question 6
According to STP - What techniques enable us to control the interior environment during a structure fire?

Answer 6

1. Short pulse
2. Long pulse
3. Gas cooling and hose stream techniques

STP #08 Operational Firefighting - Operational Entry and Use of Hoses and Branches Version 1 dated March 2022 Slide 13

Question 7

Question 7
According to STP - List 2 common hose laying techniques that can be used by firefighters?

Answer 7

“S” lay
Cleveland lay

STP #09 Firefighting Operations - Hose Handling Branches and Portable Ladders Version 01 dated March 2022 Slide 11 and 12

Question 8

Question 8
Complete the following in relation to the Fire and Rescue NSW Act 1989 Part 3, Division 1, Section 11 Brigades to proceed with speed to suspected fires or hazardous material incident………?

Answer 8

1. When there is an alarm of fire, a fire brigade must, despite anything to the contrary in any Act, proceed with all speed to the fire and try, by all means possible, to extinguish it and save any lives and property that are in danger.
2. When there is a report of hazardous material incident, a fire brigade must, despite anything to the contrary in any Act,
   a. proceed with all speed to the site of the incident and
   b. try, by all possible means, to render the site of the incident safe and save any lives and property that are in danger.

Fire and Rescue NSW Act 1989 dated 11 December 2023 Part 3 Division 1 Section 11

Question 9

Question 9
Complete the following in relation to the Fire and Rescue NSW Act 1989 Part 3, Division 1, Section 12 of the FRNSW Act, Investigation of reported fires and Hazardous material incident………?

Answer 9

1. The officer in charge may, with or without members of a fire brigade, enter any place:
   a) in respect of which an alarm of fire is raised to ascertain whether there is a fire at the place; or
   b) in respect of which a report of a hazardous material incident has been made to ascertain whether there is any hazardous material at the place that is, or is about to be, the subject of a hazardous material incident.
2. Reasonable force whether by breaking down the gates or fences or breaking open doors or otherwise may be used to gain entry.

Fire and Rescue NSW Act 1989 dated 11 December 2023 Part 3 Division 1 Section 12

Question 10

Question 10
Section 13, of the FRNSW Act states the “General Powers of Officers at fires and hazardous material incidents”. State this provision.

Answer 10

1. At a fire, the officer in charge:
   a) may take such measures as the officer thinks proper for the protection and saving lives and property and for the control and extinguishing of the fire.
   b) to control and direct the operations of any fire brigade.

1a. At the site of a hazardous material incident, the officer in charge:
a) may take such measures as the officer thinks proper for the protection and saving life and property for confining and ending the incident and for rendering the site safe.
b) is to control and direct the operations of any fire brigade.

2. If the fire is a bushfire, the officer in charge is as far as practicable to carry into effect any plan of operations in force under section 52 of the Rural Fires Act 1997 in relation to the place where the fire occurs.

Fire and Rescue NSW Act 1989 dated 11 December 2023 Part 3 Division 1 Section 13

Question 11

Question 11
Section 19 of the FRNSW Act lists the powers at fires and hazardous material incidents. State the provisions of this Section: “General power to remove persons or obstacles.”

Answer 11

The officer in charge at a fire or hazardous material incident may cause to be removed any person, vehicle, vessel or thing in the presence of whom or which at or near a fire or hazardous material incident might, in the officers opinion, interfere with the work of any fire brigade or the exercise of any of the officers functions.

Fire and Rescue NSW Act 1989 dated 11 December 2023 Part 3 Division 1 Section 19

Question 12

Question 12
At an incident that has been declared a crime scene, a member of the public seeks details from you, the senior firefighter/officer on duty, about the incident. State your response according to the Fire Brigades Regulation (2023) Clause 22, Disclosure of information.

Answer 12

A firefighter must not disclose information obtained in the firefighters capacity as a firefighter unless the disclosure is made:
a) in the exercise of the firefighters functions; or
b) about factual matters that are generally available to the public; or
c) by an approved firefighter to media representatives about the operations at a fire or other incident; or
d) at the direction or with the permission of the Commissioner; or
e) with another lawful excuse

Fire Brigade Regulation 25 August 2023 Part 3 page 14 Clause 22

Question 13

Question 13
Section 17 of the Fire Brigades Regulation (2023) refers to unacceptable behaviour. List five circumstances when a firefighter’s behaviour would be deemed unacceptable.

Answer 13

(1) A firefighter must not do any of the following—
(a) come on or attend duty while under the influence of alcohol or a drug,
(b) while on duty—
(i) consume, use or possess any alcohol or drug, or
(ii) gamble in circumstances that adversely affect the discipline or efficiency of Fire and Rescue NSW,
(c) while on or off duty—
(i) smoke at a fire or drill, on departmental premises or in a departmental vehicle, or
(ii) smoke or consume alcohol in a public place while in uniform, or
(iii) by words or action—
(A) behave in a way that is subversive of discipline or calculated to bring discredit on Fire and Rescue NSW, or
(B) bully, harass, sexually harass, intimidate or threaten a person, or
(C) discriminate against a person on the grounds of sex, marital status, pregnancy, age, race, disability, sexual orientation, gender identity, carer’s responsibilities or any other ground for which discrimination is prohibited by the Anti-Discrimination Act 1977
(d) while off duty, enter or remain on departmental premises without authority.

(2) The officer in charge of departmental premises must not allow a firefighter to come on duty if, in the officer’s opinion, the firefighter is—
(a) under the influence of alcohol or a drug, and
(b) unable to exercise the functions of a firefighter.

(3) In this section— drug has the same meaning as in the Road Transport Act 2013, but does not include
alcohol.

Fire Brigade Regulation 25 August 2023 page 12 Part 3 Section 17

Question 14

Question 14
As stated in the Standing Orders, to avoid serious accidents at intersections when responding to an emergency, What actions should drivers of responding vehicles approaching a stop sign or red signal take?

Answer 14

1. Vehicles approaching a stop sign or red signal light must slow down and enter the intersection at a speed of not more than 8kph. Having assessed the traffic conditions and determined that it is safe to proceed, the driver may then continue across the intersection.
2. Whenever passing through the stop sign or red light would involve the vehicle in an accident, the driver must come to a halt and not move off again until it is safe.

Standing Orders Version 32 - 11 October 2023 page 28

Question 15

Question 15
According to Standing Orders, when are seatbelts required to be worn when travelling in FRNSW vehicles (including tankers)?

Answer 15

All FRNSW employees are required to wear seat belts, properly adjusted when travelling in FRNSW vehicles. Any member travelling on a vehicle (including water tanker) is to be seated inside the vehicle and must wear a seat belt.

Standing Orders Version 32 - 11 October 2023 page 38

Question 16

Question 16
According to Standing Orders, with no impact of the service delivery, List the procedures to be followed if drivers of FRNSW vehicles are involved in an accident.

Answer 16

• Contact FRNSW fleet unit to obtain relevant claim number and contact details of or FRNSW insurer.
• Driver to be stood down from driving for remainder of shift or 24 hours.
• After this period, the driver can be reinstated by senior officer unless there are circumstances, such as medical evidence or unmistakeable evidence, that the person suspected may cause injury or damage to persons or property.
• Station Commanders and supervisors must complete an Agency Member Motor Vehicle Claim Form for all accidents involving FRNSW vehicles, appliances and submit to Duty Commanders with covering memo. Duty Commander will undertake investigation to determine if any action is required.
• Motor Vehicle Claim Form submitted to Fleet Management Unit.
• Complete NIIENMS form.

Standing Orders Version 32 - 11 October 2023 page 45

Question 17

Question 17
Fire Brigades Regulation, Part 3, Section 14: Firefighters to acquire and maintain knowledge of legislation, orders, and functions. List the provisions.

Answer 17

(1) A firefighter must acquire and maintain a thorough knowledge of, and comply with the requirements of, the Act, this Regulation and the Commissioner’s directions.

(2) A firefighter must acquire and maintain the knowledge and skills relevant to the performance of the firefighter’s functions

Fire Brigade Legislation 2023 Part 3 Section 14

Question 18

Question 18
According to STP -The National Construction Code classes buildings “Class 1” through to “Class 10”. The class of building is a measure of the buildings likely: List these four points.

Answer 18

• Use
• Fire Load
• Population; and
• Mobility of the occupants (such as whether they are sleeping or alert)

STP #11 Fire Safety and Fire Investigation - Building Inspections Presenter Notes page 13

Question 19

Question 19
According to the Fire Investigation toolkit on the Intranet, when should you request FIRU for assistance?

Answer 19

Investigators from FIRU attend fires throughout the State, particularly those where:

• there has been a loss of life or major injury from fire
• the fire is considered major
• the fire is considered unusual, suspicious or deliberate
• the cause is not readily apparent
• the Incident Commander requests FIRU attendance.

https://intranet.nswfire.nsw.gov.au/toolkit/operational/fire-investigation/fire-investigation-and-research

Question 20

Question 20
As listed in STP - What form populated by firefighters gives the Fire Investigator a summary of firefighter actions at an incident.

Answer 20

SOFA Forms
Summary of Observations and Firefighter Actions report

STP #12 Fire Safety and Fire Investigation - Version 1 dated February 2022 Slide 21

Question 21

Question 21
STP - Details how a structure fire will burn within one of two burning regimes. List and describe the regimes.

Answer 21

Fuel Controlled
The fire grows as a direct function of the fuel itself with little or no influence from the compartment environment, size, shape, number of openings. Fires with more than enough air for combustion are said to be “fuel controlled”.

Ventilation Controlled
Most structure fires will reach a stage where development and the heat release rate (HRR) is dictated by the available supply of oxygen. Simply put - Fire Growth = HRR is limited by available air supply O2

STP #13 Residential Structure Fires - Fire Behaviour Version 1 dated May 2022 slide 6-8

Question 22

Question 22
STP - Identifies the search priority in multi storey buildings, list the priorities.

Answer 22

1. The fire floor
2. The floor above
3. The top floor

STP #19 Multi-Level Complex Fires - High Rise dated June 2022 slide 9

Question 23

Question 23
STP - Outlines when working at a task/tactical level and a firefighter becomes trapped, injured missing or overdue. What message should be sent to draw attention to the situation?

Answer 23

A mayday message draws attention to a life threatening situation at task/tactical level.

STP #14 - Residential Structure Fires - Search and Rescue during Firefighting Operations dated May 2022 page 21

Question 24

Question 24
According to STP - When is an Incident Management System required to be used at incidents FRNSW attends?

Answer 24

The incident management system is used at “every” incident FRNSW attends.

STP #16 - Incident Management Version 1 dated June 2022 Slide 3

Question 25

Question 25
According to STP -There are eight strategic functions of command the Incident Commander needs to address. List all eight.

Answer 25

1. Deployment
2. Command
3. Situation Evaluation
4. Incident Action Plan
5. Incident Communcation
6. Incident Structure
7. Review & Revision
8. Escalation / De-escalation

STP #16 - Incident Management Version 1 dated June 2022 Slide 4

Question 26

Question 26
According to STP - At every incident there must be a steady, adequate, and timely stream of resources. Who is the only person to deploy resources at an incident?

Answer 26

The Incident Commander (IC)

STP #16 - Incident Management Version 1 dated June 2022 Slide 5

Question 27

Question 27
A driver in a road tunnel noticed smoke coming from the engine compartment of their car and immediately pulled into the emergency break down bay and called 000. The Tunnel Control Centre closed the tunnel allowing attending fire crews access to extinguish the fire. Peak hour traffic is starting to build at the entrance to the tunnel and thick smoke is throughout. List the Smoke Management Systems found in road tunnels that could assist in clearing the smoke?

Answer 27

• Longitudinal ventilation (jet fans)
• Ducted ventilation
• Natural ventilation
• A combination of the above

SOG 6.6 Version A Issued June 2005 page 2 para 3.3

Question 28

Question 28
According to SOGs -As an incident develops and crews become fatigued, they will need to be rested. Name and describe the two ways crews can be rested.

Answer 28

Level 1 Rehab - uses equipment stored on frontline firefighting appliances
Level 2 Rehab - specialist rehavilitation pod or vehicle used for long duration jobs generally 4th alarm or higher.

SOG 18.3 Version 02 - April 2010 page 1 para 3

Question 29

Question 29
According to SOGs - List and describe the three incident phases.

Answer 29

Life at Risk
Where there are savable lives. The incident is uncontrolled and requires rapid actions to control the risks to life.

Expanding Phase
Where the incident is uncontrolled and likely to expand. It requires rapid actions to control risks to life and property.

Contained Phase
There are sufficient resources to contain the incident within the defined area. There is no risk to life or life and property have already been lost.

SOG 1 Guideline Support Document Version 01 - March 2015 FRN13/1319 page 35

Question 30

Question 30
According to Standing Orders who are the people authorised to ride on FRNSW appliances?

Answer 30

• Firefighters in the course of their duty
• Employees of FRNSW whose duty requires their attendance at emergency incidents
• Members of other emergency services at the discretion of the person in charge
• Other persons authorised by the Commissioner

Standing Orders Version 32 - 11 October 2023 Driving page 40

Question 31

Question 32
According to STP - List and describe three ways foam controls and extinguishes fire.

Answer 31

• Excluding the fires supply of oxygen (smothering)
• Suppressing the flammable vapours to stop ignition
• Cooling the surface temperature to prevent re-ignition

STP #1 Specials - Flamabile Liquids and Gases January 2022 Version 1 slide 6

Question 32

Question 33
According to STP – What are the characteristics of liquid petroleum gas?

Answer 32

• Colourless
• Odourless
• Heavier than air

STP #1 Specials - Flamabile Liquids and Gases January 2022 Version 1 slide 31

Question 33

Question 34
According to STP - What is the term used when a liquid within a container reaches a temperature well above its boiling temperature, boils, expands and the container fails sending flammable gas outwards where it ignites.

Answer 33

BLEVE
Boiling
Liquid
Expanding
Vapour
Explosion

STP #1 Specials - Flamabile Liquids and Gases January 2022 Version 1 slide 41

Question 34

Question 35
According to STP - What can be used to conduct a thermal check of an acetylene cylinder.

Answer 34

• Thermal Imaging Camera
• Infrared Thermometer
• Wetting test

STP #1 Specials - Flamabile Liquids and Gases January 2022 Version 1 slide 45

Question 35

Question 36
Expand the Acronym - SISIACMR

Answer 35

• Safe Approach
• Incident Command
• Scene Security
• Identify Hazmat
• Assess Potential for Harm
• Call in Resources
• Monitor Information
• Render Safe / Decontaminate

SOG 10.1 Version 02 Amd 1 - January 2011 page 1 para 1

Question 36

Question 37
According to STP - What is the most suitable extinguishing agent for rubber fires?

Answer 36

Water

STP #2 - Special Fires (Bulk Storage Dust Cladding Plastic Metal and Rubber Fires) Version 1 - January 2022 Slide 28

Question 37

Question 38
According to STP -There are several stages of Lithium-Ion battery failure list and describe the stages.

Answer 37

• Stage 1 - Abuse factor
• Thermal, electrical or mechanical abuse
  Stage 2 - Off-Gas Generation
• Occurs regardless of cell form- factor
  Stage 3 - Smoke Generation
• Catastrophic failure is imminent
  Stage 4 - Fire Generation
• Likelihood of propogation drastically increases

STP #2 - Special Fires (Bulk Storage Dust Cladding Plastic Metal and Rubber Fires) Version 1 - January 2022 Slide 37

Question 38

Question 39
According to the Workplace Safety toolkit on the intranet, what should you complete when a work-related injury, near miss, exposure or illness occurs and in what timeframe after the occurrence should it be submitted?

Answer 38

NIIENM
Notification of Injury, Illness, Exposure, Near Miss

Should be completed within 24 of occurrence

https://intranet.nswfire.nsw.gov.au/toolkit/organisation-wide/health-and-safety/niienm

Question 39

Question 40
According to the toolkit on the intranet - If you are unable to submit or fill out a NIIENM who else can submit one for you?

Answer 39

The supervisor or coworker can submit it on their behalf

https://intranet.nswfire.nsw.gov.au/toolkit/organisation-wide/health-and-safety/niienm

Question 40

Question 41
In New South Wales, Emergency Services carry out land-based rescues under what Act?

Answer 40

State Emergency and Rescue Management (SERM) Act 1989

STP #29 - Participate in a Rescue Operation (PIRO) Version 1 dated November 2021 slide 4
Fire and Rescue NSW Act 1989 Part 1 Section 5A

Question 41

Question 42
As stated in the SERM Act,1989 who is responsible for coordinating rescue operations and for determining the priorities of action to be taken in rescue operations?

Answer 41

The NSW Police

STP #29 - Participate in a Rescue Operation (PIRO) Version 1 dated November 2021 slide 5
SERM Act 1989 dated 11 December 2023 Division 3 Section 50 page 34

Question 42

Question 43
According to STP - FRNSW uses the YOU principle to establish priorities of safety at a rescue incident. What are these priorities of safety?

Answer 42

You Principle
Yourself
Others
Unfortunates

STP #29 - Participate in a Rescue Operation (PIRO) Version 1 dated November 2021 slide 8

Question 43

Question 44
According to STP -What is the correct PPC and procedure for fire protection at an MVA?

Answer 43

• Full Structural PPC
• SCBA
• Charged line of 38mm hose @ 400kpa
• Recirculation valve open
• If fire occurs, increase to 800kpa @ pump - 700kpa @ the branch

STP #29 - Participate in a Rescue Operation (PIRO) Version 1 dated November 2021 slide 12

Question 44

Question 45
According to STP - What environments should SCBA be worn in?

Answer 44

HOTS
* Heated or low temperatures
* Oxygen deficient or enriched atmospheres
* Toxic Atmospheres
* Smoke

STP #22 Hazardous Atmospheres - SCBA Version 1.3 dated August 2023 slide 5

Question 45

Question 46
Owners and occupiers of premises can deposit keys at their nearest fire station so that firefighters can gain access without causing unnecessary damage. Located in the Forms filing cabinet on the intranet, name the two forms that need to be completed when receiving keys to private premises.

Answer 45

• Deposit of Keys Form
• Keys to Private Premise Form

https://intranet.nswfire.nsw.gov.au/forms?meta_P=form&query=keys&sort=relevance&meta_D=&meta_T=

Question 46

Question 47
As stated in the Health, Fitness and Wellbeing Toolkit- What is it a mandatory requirement to complete prior to undertaking the annual Fitness Drill?

Answer 46

PARQ
Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire

https://intranet.nswfire.nsw.gov.au/toolkit/organisation-wide/health/fitness-drill-program
Instruction - FRNSW Fitness Drill Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire page 1

Question 47

Question 48
According to Operations Bulletin 2020-04 - Failure to report damage. When an appliance is found to have unreported damage, the Fleet Operations Officer or Regional Maintenance Officer will notify the Station, Duty, and Zone Commander in writing. The responsible station must submit what form within 8 days?

Answer 47

Agency Member Motor Vehicle Claim Form within 8 days.

If form isn’t completed, the Zone may be accountable for the cost of the repairs.

Operations Bulletin 2020-04 Reporting appliance damage and maintenance issues Version 1 - 10 August 2020 FRN20/11-001 page 2

Question 48

Question 49
According to the Fire ePermit policy, a fire permit issued within the ‘Bush Fire Danger’ period will be valid for a period of how many days from the date of issue?

Answer 48

7 days during bushfire period

Fire ePermit Policy No CS03-003 Version 02 Amendment 2 - September 2022 page 7 para 6.6

Question 49

Question 50
According to the Fire ePermit policy, what aspect of the planned fire does the permit take into account.

Answer 49

A fire permit takes into account only the safety aspect of the planned fire. It imposes conditions on the way a fire is lit and maintained. This safety aspect is the limit of the involvement by FRNSW.

Fire ePermit Policy No CS03-003 Version 02 Amendment 2 - September 2022 page 4

Question 50

Question 51
According to STP - Where should Warden Intercom Points be in a building?

Answer 50

• At the EICIE (Emergency Intercom Control and Indicating Equipment)
• Within 4 metres of an exit within each emergency zone
• Within 4 metres of exit on each storey
• Within emergency lift shafts
• Adjacent to FDCIE (Fire Detection Control Indicating Equipment) if remote fro EICIE

STP #18 - Fire Detection and Supporession Systems - Part 3 of 3 - Fire Detection Systems June 2022 slide 33

Question 51

Question 52
According to STP, name the components in an AS 2118.1 sprinkler alarm valve room.

Answer 51

1. Main Stop Valve
2. Test Drain
3. Sprinkler Test Facility
4. Sprinkler Alarm Valve
5. System Pressure Gauge
6. Deluge Valve
7. Water Supply with Water Supply Gauge

STP #18 Fire Detection and Suppression Systems - Support Document Part 2 Version 1 - 10 June 2022 Fire Sprinkler Systems page 6 para 9

Question 52

Question 53
According to STP, there are two control measures when dealing with live power at an incident. List and describe them.

Answer 52

1. Switching off power at the switchboard, main switch and any circuits
2. Isolating power at the source done by electrical company

STP #32 - Electricity and Fire Involving Electrical Hazards Version 1.2 dated December 2023 slide 11

Question 53

Question 54
According to STP - Firefighters can ‘turn off’ a solar power system to stop electricity feeding into the structure’s circuits or back to the electricity network if configured to do so. State the recommended procedure.

Answer 53

1. Consult onsite
2. Assume switchboard is live
3. Follow shutdown procedure label
4. Consider if benefits outway risks
5. Isolate power

STP #32 - Electricity and Fire Involving Electrical Hazards Version 1.2 dated December 2023 slide 22

Question 54

Question 55
According to STP -When a battery energy storage system is present at a residence, there should be an indicator to alert you to this. What is an example of an indicator, located outside the switchboard.

Answer 54

• Green circle with white PV (photovoltaic)
• Green circle with white ES (energy storage)

STP #32 - Electricity and Fire Involving Electrical Hazards Presenters Notes Version 1.1 dated December 2022 PDF page 26

Question 55

Question 56
Operations Bulletin 2023-01- Lists operational actions to follow when dealing with Lithium-ion battery failure in small devices. List these actions.

Answer 55

1. If connected to mains power, ensure energy is switched off prior to applying water
2. Knock down any fire using water
3. Cool the battery with cooling stream of water
4. Submerge device in a suitable container of water if safe to do so
5. If unable to submerge, continue cooling conducting temperature checks every 15 minutes until ambient temperature is reached for 60 minutes.
6. Ensure all cells are present by searching nearby area
7. Notify Firecom that incident involves lithium-ion device; Firecom will notify FIRU

Operations Bulletin 2023-01 Lithium-ion battery failure in small devices Version 01 dated 17 March 2023 page 4

Question 56

Question 57
According to STP - If solar panels, or the attached isolators, are on fire, in addition to the considerations with turning off an alternative power source what actions should firefighters take?

Answer 56

• Conduct firefighting from the ground or an aerial appliance
• Do not get on the roof, do not place ladder against roof as it may be electrified
• Extinguish the fire with spray nozzle using pulse spray in dispersed pattern
• If solar panel on the ground, use CO2 extinguisher
• NSW Fair Trading form to be completed at the completion of the incident

STP #32 - Electricity and Fire Involving Electrical Hazards Presenters Notes Version 1.1 dated December 2022 PDF page 32

Question 57

Question 59
According to STP - Overhaul is a procedure we follow after we attend an incident and extinguish the fire. For your safety during overhaul what is it essential for you to do?

Answer 57

• Wear SCBA and full firefighting PPC
• Perform atmospheric montioring

STP #15 Residential Structural Fires - Salvage and Overhaul Version 01 dated May 2022 slide 24

Question 58

Question 60
According to STP - What is the minimum PPE that can be worn at a bush fire?

Answer 58

Level 2 PPE
* Multi-purpose Helmet
* Multi-purpose Coat
* Dutywear Pants
* P2 Mask
* Goggles
* GP Gloves
* Firefighting Boots

STP #23 Bushfire - Equipment, Extinguishment, Safety and Control Strategies dated September 2022 slide 9

Question 59

Question 61
According to STP - Property protection is the act of protecting property from the impact of a wildfire. At a major wildfire, FRNSW crews generally engage in property protection roles. We generally have 3 strategies for carrying out property protection. Name and describe them.

Answer 59

1. Line Defence - Protect property permieter
2. Ember Defence - protect street, staying mobile for spot fires
3. Backstop Defence - retreat tosafe lcoation while front passes and move back in to save saveable structures after

STP #23 Bushfire - Equipment, Extinguishment, Safety and Control Strategies dated September 2022 slide 18

Question 60

Question 62
Operations Bulletin 2023-01- Lists the hazards and risks at incidents involving Lithium-ion batteries in small devices. List all as stated in the bulletin.

Answer 60

• Thermal runaway
• Extreme fire behaviour
• Release of toxic vapour and gases
• Hazardous materials and leaked electrolytes
• Stranded energy
• Projectiles
• Secondary ignition

Operations Bulletin 2023-01 Lithium-ion battery failure in small devices Version 01 dated 17 March 2023 page 2

Question 61

Question 63
As described in STP - When conducting ventilation using a fan, what is the most effective inlet/outlet ratio?

Answer 61

1:4
Outlet is 4 x larger than the inlet

STP #20 Tactical Ventilation dated July 2022 slide 38

Question 62

Question 64
According to SOGs - When an LPG container is involved in fire, what area of the container is considered most crucial and a high priority area for cooling?

Answer 62

The containers vapour space (area above the liquid) is the highest priority for cooling using a spray pattern.

SOG 10.10 Version A issued April 1997 page 2

Question 63

Question 65
As recommended in STP - When conducting ventilation with a fan, the fan should be set back approximately how far from the door.

Answer 63

The fan should be placed back the height of the door

STP #20 Tactical Ventilation dated July 2022 slide 40

Question 64

Question 66
According to Work Instruction- “Bagging contaminated gear” What equipment is required for bagging contaminated gear (not PPC) at an incident to minimise the risk presented by hazardous contaminants during storage or transport?

Answer 64

• Appropriate bag for the type of contaiminant:
  1. Asbestos contamination bags for incidents involving asbestos
  2. Yellow clinical waste bag for first aid incidents
  3. Clear contaiminated bags for smoke
• Cable ties to seal bag
• Contaminated equipment tags

Bagging Contaminated Gear Work Instruction Version 02 - June 2021 page 1 para 2

Question 65

Question 67
You are responded to a bushfire with four Fire Rescue NSW pumpers two RFS tankers and one inspector, according to SOGs what class is the fire?

Answer 65

**Class 1 **
A fire under the control of the responsible fire authority, whether or not incidental/low level assistance is provided by other agencies.

SOG 3.1 Guideline Support Document Version 01 Amd 1 - September 2022 FRN18/1064-009 page 17 para 5

Question 66

Question 68
According to the guideline support document for electricity SOGs - Electrical transformers in high density areas of cities maybe situated in underground vaults, if a fire occurs in one of these vaults, CO2 can be injected via a wall mounted or footpath CO2 connection box. What does the number on the connection box indicate?

Answer 66

The number on the connection box indicates the number of cylinders (CO2) to be injected

SOG 14 Guideline Support Document - Electricity FRN19/1315 Version 05 Amd 1 - September 2021 page 30

Question 67

Question 69
According to the guideline support document for electricity SOGs - What factors affect voltage gradient at wires down?

Answer 67

1. Composition of the ground (e.g. concrete, road surface, soil)
2. Moisture content
3. Voltage of the electrical source

SOG 14 Guideline Support Document - Electricity FRN19/1315 Version 05 Amd 1 - September 2021 page 11

Question 68

Question 70
According to the guideline support document for electricity SOGs - Conductors allow electricity to easily pass through them. List five conductors.

Answer 68

1. Metals (eg. copper, aluminium, steel) including ladders, fences, guttering, roofing
2. Human body
3. Timber & trees
4. Vehicle types
5. Wet or dirty rope
6. Flame or dense smoke
7. Some fire extinguishing medium
8. Water (including hose line)

SOG 14 Guideline Support Document - Electricity FRN19/1315 Version 05 Amd 1 - September 2021 page 14

Question 69

Question 71
According to the guideline support document for electricity SOGs - Name four measures to control the risks associated with electricity.

Answer 69

1. Stay away from the hazard. Always regard it as live until you know otherwise
2. Assess the risk from at least 8 metres away from the hazard
3. If suspected to be electrically hazardous, establish an exclusion zone
4. Have the electricity company isolate power
5. When leaving the incident site, if possible provide information to the owner or the other responsible person on the hazards still present at the site and the control measures in place

SOG 14 Guideline Support Document - Electricity FRN19/1315 Version 05 Amd 1 - September 2021 page 15

Question 70

Question 72
As listed on the SIMS Worksheet: Electrical safety kit - State the inventory stored in the green canvas bag of the electrical safety kit.

Answer 70

1 x pair insulating gloves
1 x pair leather over gloves
1 x electrical safety kit bag
2 x non-contact AC Voltage Detectors (either Modiewark Rescue or GLM Mini Rescue)

SIMS: Electrical Safety Kit Version 06 - December 2019

Question 71

Question 73
According to Recommended practice - When using the gloves from the electrical safety kit, what is the correct donning sequence?

Answer 71

1. Put on electrical gloves first
2. Put over-gloves on over insulated electrical gloves to protect the electrical glove from damage
3. The cuff of the electrical gloves must extend beyond the cuff of the over-glove
4. The cuff of the electrical gloves must alos extend over the cuff of your sleeves on your PPC

Personal Protective Clothing, Equipment and Uniform Recommended Practice, Version 03.2 dated October 2021 page 22

Question 72

Question 74
According to SOGs - FRNSW has an interagency notification policy, list the reasons NSW Police are required to be notified.

Answer 72

NSW Police for:
* possible terrorist incident
* crime investigation
* site / crowd / traffic and evacuation management
* rescue incidents

SOG 1.15 Version 02 dated December 2015 page 1 para 3

Question 73

Question 75
You are responded to fire in a Correctional facility, centre or complex operated by government agencies or private contractors. As stated in FRNSW SOGs on arrival what actions should be taken?

Answer 73

• Identify and liaise with the Emergency Coordinator
• While waiting to enter, start developing IAP by accessing information - eg pre-incident plans, SOGs, and utilities
• Where entry to the facility is delayed, nominate a staging area and advise FireCOM to inform responding resources. Remain in the staging area until met by the Emergency Coordinator. Notify FireCOM if entry is delayed.
• Always remain outside facility on standby if it is unsafe to enter.
• At the main entry, access the Red Fire Emergency Plan Box containing the FRNSW pre-incident plan, safety data sheets folder, site plans, and Local Emergency Plans (LEPs) and brief crew about the facility.
• Prepare the appliance and secure equipment before entering the facility. List all equipment to be taken in

SOG 8.3 Version 02 dated July 202 page 3 para 7

Question 74

Question 76
According to the Preventing and Managing Unreasonable Behaviour and Bullying Policy, what is the definition of workplace bullying?

Answer 74

Workplace bullying is repeated and unreasonable behaviour directed towards a worker or group of workers that creates a risk to health and safety

Preventing and Managing Unreasonable Behaviour and Bullying Policy (No. CG09-003) dated 25 March 2019 page 6 para 1.1

Question 75

Question 78
According to the ‘Firefighter’ role description found on the Intranet, list 5 Duties/Accountabilities required in this role.

Answer 75

• Contribute to the station’s community prevention, risk reduction planning and engagement programs and activities
• Attend fire and other emergency incidents providing expert knowledge and assistance commensurate with rank
• Contribute to the Station’s operational readiness, including the maintenance of appliances, tools and equipment
• Assist with investigations into the cause of fires
• Support the Station Officer in actions to achieve FRNSW’s goals of protecting life, property and other initiatives under the Plus Plan
• Undertake station duties including the completion of records, reports, correspondence and returns to facilitate the general running of the station

https://intranet.nswfire.nsw.gov.au/toolkit/about-you/all-staff/role-descriptions
https://nswes.sharepoint.com/sites/PeopleandCulture/Role%20Descriptions/Forms/AllItems.aspx?ga=1&id=%2Fsites%2FPeopleandCulture%2FRole%20Descriptions%2FFirefighters%2FFirefighter%2Epdf&parent=%2Fsites%2FPeopleandCulture%2FRole%20Descriptions%2FFirefighters

Question 76

Question 79
According to STP - What general rule should be followed when tasking crews at a residential structure fire?

Answer 76

As a general rule, in the absence of visible victims or in situations where victim location is unknown, the first arriving crew will be tasked with fire attack. It is critical to get water on the fire as soon as possible to gain fire control and stop conditions from worsening.

Subsequent available crews will be tasked with search and rescue.

Crews conducting search and rescue must ensure they have a hose line to control the controls in their location and the ability to conduct fire attack should the situation require.

Question 77

Question 80
According to STP -What is recommended configuration for relay pumping operation?

Answer 77

• Base pump with largest capacity for pumping
• Relay pump
• Fireground Pump

STP #7 Operational Firefighting - Pumps and Pumping Operations dated March 2022 slide 39

Question 78

Question 81
According to STP – ‘Fire Safety and Investigation’ there are four classifications of cause. Name and describe them.

Answer 78

Accidental - fire starting accidentally
Incediary - fire which starts from deliberate and intentional human act
Natural - fire starts by a natural act without human influence
Undetermined - Fire where the cause cannot be identified

STP #12 - Fire Safety and Fire Investigation Version 01 dated February 2022 slide 5

Question 79

Question 82
Whilst participating in a community event at the local oval and armed offender attack occurs. According to SOGs, what actions should you take?

Answer 79

If an active armed offender attack occurs at a location where FRNSW
personnel are present:

Escape
* As a priority, remove yourself and others from close proximity to the offender/s or areas they might reasonably access.
* Consider removing or leaving cumbersome equipment so you can move quickly.
* If it is safe to do so, snatch and grab as many casualties as possible when exiting. Do not stop to provide first aid.

Hide
* If you don’t believe you can safely escape, consider sheltering in place.
* Mute all communications equipment, including private mobile phones, so as not to give away your hiding place. Do not turn off phones as text messaging may be used to update you on the situation.
* Constantly re-assess the situation and your options, based on the best available information.

Tell
* The more information you can pass on to FireCOM or the Police, the better, but never at the risk of your own safety or the safety of others.

SOG 8.7 Version 02 - April 2018 page 4 para 8

Question 80

Question 83
According to SOGs - There are many duties of the BA Control Operator, list five.

Answer 80

• Establish BA Control as close to the entry/exit point as possible.
• Check and enter all details on the BA Control Board.
• Ensure that BA team members are identified by a call sign determined by the incident communications plan.
• Calculate and monitor entry and exit times.
• Monitor all radio communications within the sector.
• When exit time is reached:
  − Immediately contact the individual wearer or BA team leader.
  − If unable to contact, notify their Commander.
  − Activate the RIT immediately when required and notify the IC.
• Indicate to exiting BA crews the locations of the BA staging area and Rehabilitation Area.
• Provide updates to their Commander as required. A second radio transceiver may be required for communicating on the tactical channel.
• Ensure BA Control Boards clearly show when extended duration BA (EDBA) is in use. This is indicated by the red tag from the EDBA twin manifold being attached to the wearer’s yellow tally on the board.
• Ensure BA Control Boards clearly show when aerial appliance operators are wearing BA.
• Ensure BA Control Boards clearly show when extension facemasks are in use:
  − With air trolley BA (ATBA).
  − On aerial appliances.
  − With auxiliary

SOG 9.4 Version 02 - January 2011 page 1 para 4

Question 81

Question 84
According to Firefighters Training Manual - The numbers relayed back from FireCOM for the Hazmat Action Guide (HAG) sheet are used to determine PPE, form, hazards, effect with water, action, firefighting, and personnel decontamination. TX at the end of the transmission means there is text. What does the text usually refer to?

Answer 81

The TX relates to additional personal protection

White Reader Volume 2 Version A issued December 1996 Topic 7 Section 2 page 8

Question 82

Question 85
According to SOGs - What can P2 particle masks be used to protect against?

Answer 82

• Known low concentrations of inert dust, such as those produced when cutting metal or wood.
• Concrete, stone and masonry cutting operations where the work piece can be kept wet.
• The particles, but not the gases such as CO, in bushfire smoke.
• Contamination by body fluids

SOG 9.1 Version 02 dated January 2011 - page 3 para 5.2

Question 83

Question 86
According to SOGs - At any incident, the Incident Commander will consider the incident phase and the risk that may be accepted. Describe the life at risk phase.

Answer 83

Where there are saveable human lives. The incident is uncontrolled and requires rapid actions to control the risks to lives. A higher level of risk may be accepted.

SOG 1.4 Version 01 dated March 2015 page 1 para 2

Question 84

Question 87
According to Firefighters Training Manual -You attend a house fire at 2am and on arrival notice a small amount of smoke issuing from the ground level of a 2-storey residence. Two cars are parked in the driveway. What three principles should you keep in mind when forcing entry?

Answer 84

• Enter without undue delay;
• Enter with the minimum of structural
• damage; and
• Enter so as to provide access to as much of the building as possible

White Reader Volume 1 Version A issued May 1996 Topic 2 Section 9 page 3 para 9.5

Question 85

Question 88
According to SOGs -You respond to a building fire and the contaminated run-off/pollutant is impacting a canal that runs into a creek. Which agencies are you required to notify?

Answer 85

• Environmental Protection Authority
• Local water authority
• Local council
• Roads and Maritime Services

SOG 10.12 Guideline Support Document Section 3 Roles and Responsibilities (refer each role for their responsibilities to get this answer) page 19 onwards

Question 86

Question 90
According to SOGs - What are the three basic principles for communication at incidents?

Answer 86

The three basic principles for communication at incidents are:
(a) to use the principles of ICS and ensure an effective span of control;
(b) to establish a flow of information at all levels of the incident, without overwhelming the IC or ComCen with superfluous data; and
(c) to ensure the safety of firefighters by using effective communication.

SOG 2.1 Version A issued October 2003 page 1 para 1.4

Question 87

Question 92
According to SOGs - Emergency Response Teams have varying levels of skills, equipment, and training. Depending on the hazards involved, the IC must determine, from Pre-Incident Planning and discussion with the Emergency Response Team Leader, their role at an incident. Name three activities Emergency Response Team can participate in.

Answer 87

• Specialist advice to the IC relating to hazards, industrial processes and installed fire systems
• Operation of valves and other industrial processes
• Fire attack under the control of FRNSW IC

SOG 4.9 Version 02 dated June 2010 page 3 para 7

Question 88

Question 93
SOGs describe how to de-escalate an incident. What is de-escalation?

Answer 88

De-escalation is the scaling back of FRNSW involvement at an incident. Both the Strategic and Tactical levels scale back and delegated functions are handed back to the IC. The IC determines that the incident has been contained and the resources can be released.
Eventually the incident terminates and the incident is completed.

SOG 1 Guideline Support Document FRN13/1319 Verion 01 dated March 2015 page 86

Question 89

Question 94
According to SOGs - The Emergency Control Organisation may consist of people identified by coloured helmets, hats, caps, vests, or tabards. Name the members and the identifying colour.

Answer 89

Emergency Control Organisation
* Chief Warden - White
* Deputy Chief Warden - White
* Communications Officer - White
* Floor Warden - Yellow
* Area Warden - Yellow
* Wardens - Red
* First Aid Officer - Green with white cross

SOG 4.9 Version 02 dated June 2010 page 1 para 4

Question 90

Question 95
What are the correct meanings for the numerical codes:
Code 3
Code 6
Code 4
Code 1
Code 7

Answer 90

Code 3 On scene at incident or move-up station (state location/address)
Code 6 Incident in Rural Fire District.
Code 4Available for response. If not returning to station, give destination, eg FireCOM, Pumper 53, Code 4, returning to stand by at 60 Station.
Code 1 Responding to an incident or move-up – should include a clarification when the appliance is travelling under normal road conditions.
Code 7 Unavailable for response – state reason and transmit Code 4 immediately when available.

SOG 2.5 Version 03 Amd 1 dated August 2023 page 1 para 3

Question 91

Question 96
You are completing a pre-incident plan for an occupancy located within your station area. Your priorities are confirming correct keys and swipe cards, along with updating information for the MDT. The SO directs you to inspect the Fire Control Room. According to the SOGs, What features are included in a Fire Control Room?

Answer 91

• a fire isolated room with a 2-hour fire rating and separate ventilation
• two exit points, to the front of the building and directly into a fire exit
• Fire Indicator Panel
• Fire Fan Control Panel
• Master Emergency Control Panel
• controls for fire pumps
• Security Alarm and Control Panels
• telephone (direct line outside)
• whiteboard, corkboard and plan table
• Tactical Fire Plans (maps and schematics)

SOG 4.14 Version A issued August 2005 page 1 para 5

Question 92

Question 97
You are attending an incident at a large cold storage facility. Your SO has directed you to cut into an Insulated Sandwich Panel (ISP). Prior to cutting the ISP, you conduct a risk assessment. According to the SOGs, list the important issues to consider?

Answer 92

• If there is sufficient time and resources available
• Leaked refrigerant gas which may be pocketed behind panels or in ducting
• Electrical wiring and gas pipes that may be located behind the panels
• the potential to generate sparks that could ignite flammable refrigerant gas or ESP panel cores
• Weakening of the structure when multiple panels are cut
• An increase in fire activity due to the introduction of air
• Have a charged line of hose in place for protection before cutting ISPs

SOG 4.16 Version 01 issued August 2008 page 3 para 4.4

Question 93

Question 98
You are attending a 3rd Alarm structure fire and note the current incident commander is being overwhelmed by radio messages. According to SOGs, following span of control rules, what is the optimal amount an individual resources you should communicate with?

Answer 93

An individual should only have 5 people reporting to them (optimal is 1:5 ratio), but this can vary between 1:3 to 1:7, depending upon the activity, geography, or nature of the incident

SOG 1 Version 01 dated March 2015 page 2 para 3

Question 94

Question 99
It is the responsibility of the Incident Commander (IC) to ensure that in general, each tactical priority has been addressed, according to the SOGs, involving structure fires the IC should consider how many sides of the fire?

Answer 94

7
Front
Rear
Both Sides
Top
Bottom
Inside

SOG 4.4 Version A issued October 2000 page 2 para 4.4.1 sub para (i)

Question 95

Question 100
On arrival at an incident, you observe the EWIS is operating. Upon closer inspection you note it has defects. According to the SOGs, what actions should you take?

Answer 95

Advise FRNSW Fire Safety Division to have investigated; do not initiate any action yourself.

SOG 4.10 Version A issued August 2005 page 3

Question 96

Question 101
You attend a Hazmat incident involving Phosgene, you appreciate the importance of correct spelling of a substance when transmitting messages to Comms. You are requested to relay the message using the phonetic alphabet. What is the correct phonetic alphabet transmission for Phosgene?

Answer 96

Papa
Hotel
Oscar
Sierra
Golf
Echo
November
Echo

SOG 2.7 Version A issued October 2003 page 3 Table 7B

Question 97

Question 102
An MVA has occurred between a truck and two cars requiring the attendance of a rescue unit, the MVA has occurred on the M5 Motorway in the GSA. There are multiple emergency services within NSW that are responsible for rescue incidents. According to SOGs, who determines which emergency service will send a rescue unit to this rescue incident?

Answer 97

Police Rescue Coordinator

Only the Police Rescue Coordinator has the authority to activate a medical emergency access response. If you are at an incident and consider that a medical emergency access is
required:
* Notify the FRNSW Communication Centre (ComCen) immediately. They will contact the Police Rescue Coordinator and ASNSW.

The Police Rescue Coordinator will activate a medical emergency access response.
NOTE: This applies to all incidents, including Community First Responder incidents, whether or not the FRNSW crew on scene is an accredited rescue unit.

The Police Rescue Coordinator will respond the most appropriate accredited rescue unit as well as the nearest resource considered to have the training or equipment to gain access, eg an FRNSW unit (if the location is within or adjoining a Fire District), SES unit for flood rescues, or an RFS unit for 4WD access.

SOG 11.10 Version 02 dated 5 May 2014 page 1 para 3

Question 98

Question 103
Fumigation is a process of applying a pesticide chemical to a sealed area for a period, generally to treat insects or other vermin. The pesticide is applied in gas form (or a state that produces a gas) to the area. According to SOGs if a firefighter is exposed to chemicals at a fumigation what actions need to be taken on arrival back at station?

Answer 98

1. Have firefighter shower and dress in clean clothing
2. Record the exposure in the Occurrence Book and in the eAirs Report
3. Ensure the Notification of Injury, Illness, Exposure or Near Miss (NIIENM) form is completed

SOG 10.13 Version 02 dated February 2018 page 3 para 7

Question 99

Question 104
According to SOGs - FRNSW priorities guide the strategy and incident action plan (IAP) for the incident. What are our priorities at an incident?

Answer 99

FRNSW prioritities guide the strategy and incident action plan (IAP) for the incident:
1. The first priority is the safety of firefighters.
2. The second priority is protecting savable lives.
3. The third priority is protecting savable property and the environment.

SOG 1.9 Version 01 dated March 2015 page 1 para 2

Question 100

Question 106
According to the clean firefighter policy describe onsite decontamination.

Answer 100

• Onsite decontamination occurs as people and equipment leave the Hot Zone to recycle, when entering rehabilitation, or when leaving the incident. All people and equipment that have been in the Hot Zone are considered to have been exposed to contaminants and require decontamination.
• The aim of decontamination is to ensure zero exposure for firefighters, with all contaminates removed and left at the incident, where possible. All PPE, including boots, require cleaning before leaving the incident.
• All breathing apparatus need to be cleaned after exposure to reduce contamination by carcinogens. See recommended practice - Breathing apparatus – Draeger (sect 6.4.12)
• Helmets are to be cleaned on-scene and then contained (bagged and tagged) in accordance with the relevant helmet recommended practice.

Clean Firefighter Policy (Policy No. CG10-022) Version 02 FINAL dated 6 April 2021

Question 101

Question 107
According to the Toolkit on the intranet during a bushfire with CFUs. List the roles and responsibilities of CFU members.

Answer 101

• CFU members must follow instructions and actioned contained in the joint FRNSW/RFS Fire Danger Rating brochure and Bushfire Survival Plan. CFUs are not permitted to activate during “catasrophic” FDR rating.
• CFU members must follow their bushfire survival plan and community fire unit policies
• CFUs decide in accordance with FDR and BSPs if they will activate to defend their properties from spot fires and ember attack if bushfire threatens. CFUs who activate call 1300 238 000 and they are logged into the Firecad system as “active”.
• Prior to the fire front, prepare properties and extinguish spot fires in their area of activity.
• As the fire front approaches, take shelter until fire front has passed.
• Once fire front has passed, assist with mop up and recovery in area of activity
• CFU members must not engage in direct firefighting attack on a bushfire. CFU members are not trained, equiped or premitted to do so.
• CFU members must not undertake internal firefighting or major external structural firefighting. CFU members are not trained, equiped or permitted to do so.

Karen
* A Community Fire Unit is only permitted to undertake CFU operations inside their Area of Activity. An individual CFU member may support another CFU if requested by the unit. See the CFU Area of Activity Policy for further advice.
* CFU members must always act in accordance with the Fire Danger Ratings (FDR) for their area.
* CFU members must follow evacuation orders given by the Police or other authorised personnel.
* CFU members must follow directions given by FRNSW Incident Commanders and firefighters, or firefighters from another fire service, which are consistent with the aims, policies and standard operational guidelines of the CFU Program.
* During a bushfire incident, CFU members who have activated undertake the following activities in their area of activity:
a) Prior to the arrival of the fire front, preparing their properties and extinguishing spot fires in their area of activity.
b) As the fire front approaches, taking shelter until the fire front has safely passed.
c) Once the fire front has passed, assisting with mop up and recovery in their area of activity.
* CFU members are not trained, equipped or permitted to:
a) engage in direct firefighting attack on a bushfire
b) undertake firefighting in the interior of a structure, or
c) undertake major external structural firefighting.

CFU Bushfire Operations Version 4 approved 9 December 2015 page 3-4

Question 102

Question 108
According to SOGs - A medical emergency access incident is an actual or probable situation where either the Police Rescue Coordinator or the Ambulance Service of NSW (ASNSW) Communication Centre Manager considers serious. What do they consider a person at risk of if access is not gained quickly?

Answer 102

As being at risk of further serious injury or death if medical assistance is not provided quickly.

SOG 11.10 Version 02 dated 5 May 2014 page 1 para 1

Question 103

Question 109
According to FRNSW Alcohol and other drugs policy, workers must not be in the workplace with a blood alcohol concentration of how many grams or above of alcohol per 210 litres of breath.

Answer 103

0.02 grams or above of alcohol per 210 litres of breath

Drug and Other Drugs Policy Version 02 dted 1 dated December 2017 page 4 para 4

Question 104

Question 110
According to STP - What actions should you take upon noticing signs of structural collapse?

Answer 104

• Notify all personnel in the collapse zone
• Notify SO/Sector Commander
• Evacuate premises
• Set up exclusion zone
• Use appropriate water streams

STP #33 Utilities and Structures - Methods of Construction and Structural Collapse Version 1.2 dated December 2023 slide 31

Question 105

Question 111
According to SOGs - Radio codes for automatic fire alarms (AFAs) are used by the Incident Commander (IC) to send an incident completed (Stop) message to FireCOM at the conclusion of an AFA-reported incident. When AFA call is to an actual fire – i.e., one which FRNSW has been alerted to by the activation of an AFA or manual call point. What is required to be reported to FireCOM?

Answer 105

Use Code “100” when AFA is an actual fire which FRNSW has been alerted to by the activation of an AFA or Manual Call Point.

The IC must ensure that a detailed message is sent with the 100 code. The code is passed to eAirs, but, on return to station, the eAirs report needs to be updated to reflect the nature of the incident.

SOG 2.5 Version 03 Amd 1 dated August 2024? page 2 para 5

Question 106

Question 112
According to SOGs - Safety is paramount at all bushfires. A safety briefing must be completed and communicated to firefighters. Firefighters should constantly review LACES. Describe each letter of the acronym LACES.

Answer 106

LACES

Lookouts – Fire crews must LOOKOUT and ensure that they have a clear appreciation of current fire behaviour, location and size of the fire in relation to crew location.
Awareness - Firefighters must be aware of what is happening around them, including:
− the impact of changes in fire behaviour caused by variations to fuel, weather and topography
− observation of smoke colour, direction and column
− fireground and urban hazards including the potential for falling rocks and trees
− hydration of themselves and others.
Communications – All fire crews must maintain communication in accordance with the communications plan and ensure safety issues are discussed and addressed immediately.
Escape Routes – At least two escape routes should be agreed and made known to all relevant personnel. The suitability of escape routes should be reviewed continually to ensure they remain effective.
Safety Zones – Safety zones (refuge areas) should be identified and made known to all relevant firefighters. Firefighters need to consider escape time and safety zone size requirements, which may change as fire behaviour changes.

SOG 3.1 Version 01 Amd 1 - Sept 2022 page 1 para 3

Question 107

Question 113
According to SOGs-Fire danger ratings (FDR) give an indication of the consequences of a bushfire. The higher the fire danger, the more dangerous the conditions. List the ratings.

Answer 107

Catastrophic: FBI 100 +
* Uncontrollable extremely fast and intense, spot fires 20 km.
* No structure is guaranteed safe, lives may be lost

Extreme: FBI: 50 – 99
* Uncontrollable, very fast and intense, spot fires 6 km.
* Only prepared houses offer safety; house and life loss possible.

High FBI: 25 – 49
* Difficult to control, spot fires 2 km.
* Housing may come under increased threat.

Moderate FBI: 12 – 24
* Controllable, spot fires very close and less likely.
* Prepared houses offer good safety.

No rating FBI: 0 – 11
* Fires easily controllable, spot fires very unlikely.

SOG 3.1 Version 01 Amd 1 - Sept 2022 page 2 para 4

Question 108

Question 114
According to SOGs when sending radio messages, to ensure they are easy to understand and hear. How should they be formulated?

Answer 108

Conditions - conditions present
Actions - actions being taken
Needs - any needs

SOG 1.5 Version 01 dated March 2015 page 1 and SOG 1.5 Check Sheet page 1

Question 109

Question 115
According to SOGs - There are three strategies used during bushfires operations. Name and describe them.

Answer 109

Offensive strategy
FRNSW initiates offensive operations at bushfires. The factors that determine the success of an offensive operation are the location and size of the attack and support for the attacking crew.

• Direct attack is at the fire edge to extinguish or control the flames directly, eg applying water, smothering with foam or soil, beating, or starving of fuel by raking the fuel into the fire. This then becomes the established control line.
• Parallel attack is used to control the intensity of the fire. A fire line is constructed parallel to, and just far enough from the fire edge, to allow firefighters and equipment to work effectively away from heat and smoke. There are many factors that determine the distance from the edge including terrain; number of firefighters available; fire’s rate of spread; the fire’s intensity.
• Indirect attack involves falling back some distance from the fire perimeter – this could be up to a few kilometres at times – and burning back from a strong control line such as natural barriers, roads, tracks, firebreaks, or from trails or fire lines constructed. Where a fire is too intense for direct or parallel attack eg when flame height is greater than 3 metres, spotting is occurring, or the terrain is inaccessible to firefighters, the indirect method of control may be used. If the fire’s behaviour is too severe, an indirect attack may only be possible on the flanks of the fire.

Defensive strategy
The first-priority in defensive operations is safety and all crews must always be accounted for. Focus of effort is concentrated on property protection or structural triage.
* Line defence is used when conditions would normally allow an offensive attack (eg the fire is not intense, weather conditions are favourable), but there are not enough resources to mount an offensive attack in time. It involves preventing the approaching line of fire from closely approaching the property.
* Ember is used when the approaching line of fire is too intense to be suppressed by offensive means and is producing significant ember attack. It involves extinguishing small fires that occur in and around buildings. Firefighters operate from safe positions behind suitable shielding from the
* main fire or pull back to a safer refuge, until the main fire front has passed.
* Backstop is used when there is no safe defensible space around buildings; the approaching fire is so intense that firefighters cannot safely protect the buildings. Firefighters withdraw temporarily a short distance away to suitable safe refuges, with the intention of coming back after the fire passes.

Safeguarding strategy
When offensive or defensive strategies are no longer viable with intense fires under the worst conditions, the actions during safeguarding strategy, while not fire suppression, warns, escorts (moves) and protects community members to ensure their safety.

SOG 3.1 Version 01 Amd 1 - Sept 2022 (RN18/1064-006) Page 5 para 6

Question 110

Question 116
According to SOGs - To minimise the risk of heat related illness, what is the minimum level of PPE that should be worn at a bushfire.

Answer 110

To minimise the risk of heat-related illness, level 2 PPE must be worn (at a minimum) unless a higher risk is present. The Personal protective clothing, equipment and uniform recommended practice defines level 2 PPE for bushfire fighting as:

Level 2 PPE
* Tee-shirt
* Multi purpose jacket
* Dutywear trousers
* Multi purpose helmet
* Firefighting boots
* Firefighting gloves
* Goggles (as required)
* P2 mask (as required)
* Dutywear shirt (as required)
* Protective hood (as required)

SOG 3.1 Guideline Support Document Version 01 Amd 1 - September 2022 page 9 para 2

Question 111

Question 117
Heat stress is the most common condition which affects firefighters. It all too frequently affects their welfare, but more importantly, it affects their judgement and competence in the field. All firefighters must be able to recognise the symptoms, name three symptoms as stated in SOGs.

This has been adjusted refer FAQ for update

Answer 111

Dizziness
Weakness
Nausea

SOG 3.1 Guideline Support Document Version 01 Amd 1 - September 2022 page 11 Table 1

Question 112

Question 118
According to SOGs - The status of a bushfire is the degree to which it is under control. What terminology is to be used in radio messages and sitreps to FireCOM?

Answer 112

Going - the fire is spreading on one or more flanks, effective control measures are not in place for the entire perimeter
Being Controlled - effective controls are in operation or planned for the entire perimeter
Contained - the entire perimeter is behind identifiable control lines, mop up and patrol have started.
Patrol - firefighting resources are only required for patrol purposes and major reignition is unlikely
Out - the fire is totally out and fire can be removed from the list of current fires.

SOG 3.1 Guideline Support Document Version 01 Amd 1 - September 2022 page 18 para 6

Question 113

Question 120
According to SOGs - Describe offensive and defensive firefighting strategies.

Answer 113

Offensive - operating in close proximity to the hazards
Defensive - operating away from the hazards

SOG 1.4 Version 01, March 2015 page 1 para 2

Question 114

Question 121
As stated in SOGs - What does the Incident Action (IAP) usually describe?

Answer 114

An Incident Action Plan (IAP) is the plan developed by the IC that describes, at any one point, how the IC plans to resolve or control the incident.

The IAP usually describes:
* The risk assessment.
* The strategy and objectives, including notes relating to critical factors.
* The incident structure, showing the resources being used or needed.
* The layout of the incident (mud map).
* Any other information relevant to resolve or control, such as incoming resources.

Every incident, no matter what type, must have an IAP (and only one). It is essential for developing the Common Operating Picture, where those at the incident have a shared and consistent understanding of the incident.

At incidents where FRNSW is not the combat agency, FRNSW may be given a part of an IAP to implement.

SOG 1 Guideline Support Document Version 01 - March 2015 page 31 para 4

Question 115

Question 123
According to SOGs - At a high-rise structure fire, what are the actions of the first arriving Station Commander?

Answer 115

Actions
The first arriving Station Commander becomes the Sector Commander for the fire floor, establishes a Forward Contol Point and commences fire operations from the floor below the fire. The first crew will take a High-Rise (Remote) Attack Pack

The Sector Commander will:
* identify the fire location from the Fire Indicator Panel (FIP), Sub Indicator Panel (SIP) or occupants
* brief the Pump Operator according to the situation. Actions may include:
a) monitor communications
b) establish BA Control
c) leave lift/fire control room/pump room keys for next arriving stations
d) send a sitrep message to the ComCen as instructed by the Station Commander and provide a sitrep to next arriving officer.
* go to the reported fire floor with the crew using the emergency lift to the floor below the fire floor—if safe to use—or the fire stairs
* familiarise the crew with floor layout
* charge a line of 38mm hose from the fire stairs or the floor below before entering the fire floor
* use the fire stairs to the fire floor
* conduct fire operations on the fire floor.

SOG 4.5 Version A Amd 1 - January 2011 page 2 para 8.1

Question 116

Question 124
According to SOGs - Twin bore tunnels, where traffic flows occur in separate tunnels, the tunnels are usually separated by 4-hour fire-resisting construction. Crossover passages between the tunnels are usually how many metres apart?

Answer 116

120 metres

SOG 6.6 Version A issued June 2005 page 1 para 3.1

Question 117

Question 125
According to SOGs - List the roles of FRNSW at incidents involving bomb threats or detonations?

Answer 117

FRNSW’s role at incidents involving bomb threat incidets or detonations is to:
* support NSW Police Force or the Australian Defence Force (ADF) by protecting life and property from the effects of fires or hazardous materials that may occur
* act as the lead agency in urban search and rescue (USAR) operations, if required
* if required, assist NSW Ambulance

The FRNSW Commander is responsible for the safety of all FRNSW personnel at the incident

SOG 8.1 Version 02 Amd 01 dated August 2018 page 1 para 3

Question 118

Question 126
According to SOGs - When referring to storage facilities describe:
- Bulk
- Flatbed storage
- Ventilated
- Sealed

Answer 118

Bulk - more than 4 tonnes (net) or more than 4 cubic metres of substance, not in individual packaging
Flat Bed Storage - a single level building or other structure designed for the storage of solids in bulk of more than 40 tonnes
Ventilated - containers open to the atmosphere, including silos with explosion vents that have activated
Sealed - a grain container is sealed during fumigation and semi sealed at other times - includes semi-sealed and oxygen limiting containers

SOG 8.2 Version 02 Amd 1 dated September 2010 page 1 para 3

Question 119

Question 127
According to SOGs - Standards Australia refers to Breathing Apparatus (BA) as supplied air respirators. Fire and Rescue NSW uses positive pressure supplied air respirators to provide the highest level of protection. Name and describe them.

Answer 119

• Self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
• Extended duration breathing apparatus (EDBA): An SCBA set in twin cylinder configuration which allows firefighters to work for approximately twice the time as single cylinder SCBA.
• Airline respirator: An extension facemask with an airline supplied from a source of compressed air. These sources include:
  a) Air trolley breathing apparatus (ATBA): A mobile trolley with compressed air cylinders, a valve assembly and an airline connected to an extension facemask.
  b) An independent SCBA set.
  c) SCBA worn by a firefighter: An extension facemask and airline worn by a second person which is attached to the auxiliary connection of an SCBA or EDBA set worn by a firefighter.

SOG 9.1 Version 02 dated January 2011 page 1 para 4.1

Question 120

Question 128
According to SOGs - Decontamination is the process of removing contaminants from people and equipment to prevent further injury and reduce the spread of the contaminant. What are the three ways decontamination can be implemented.

Answer 120

Standard Decontamination is implemented where there is no life at risk
Emergency Decontamination is implemented where there is life at risk (rescue person from the Hot zone) or an immediate response is required due to accidental contaimination
Mass Decontamination is implemented in an unexpected and dangerous situation which must be dealt with immediately where a group of people are contaminated

SOG 10.4 Version 02 dated April 2021 page 1 para 2

Question 121

Question 129
According to SOGs When dealing with radiological incidents, the first priority is to minimise the exposure to radiation while rendering the incident safe. What are the main considerations for protecting people at radiological incidents?

Answer 121

1. Time - minimise the duration of exposure
2. Distance - maximise the distance from the radiological source
3. Shielding - maximise shielding between the radiological source and people

SOG 10.9 Version 2 dated August 2017 page 1 para 3

Question 122

Question 130
According to SOGs - What are three types of radiation?

Answer 122

Categories
* Alpha particles
* Beta particles
* Gamma rays
* Neutrons
* Electromagnetic radiation

Types
* Alpha radiation
* Beta radiation
* Gamma rays and X-rays
* Neutrons
* Contamination
* Ultraviolet
* Microwave and radio wave
* Neutrinos

SOG 10.9 10.9 (FRN14/1266 Version 01 August 2017) page 1 para 2
SOG 10.9 Guideline Support document (FRN14/1266 Version 01 August 2017) page 4-6

Question 123

Question 131
According to SOGs - Materials that contain asbestos are known as asbestos containing materials (ACM). If asbestos is encountered at an incident, as far as practical, employ dust suppression tactics and leave ACM in situ. Provide three examples of dust suppression tactics.

Answer 123

• Apply bonding agent such as foam blanket or coloured PVC/water mix
• Keep it lightly dampened down with fog spray
• Wrap or cover with salvage plastic sheeting
• Minimise disturbance - ie restric salvage and overhaul work
• Bag into marked asbestos containment bags

SOG 10.11 FRNS14/3405 Version 05, November 2017 page 3

Question 124

Question 132
Materials that contain asbestos are known as asbestos containing materials (ACM). There are generally two categories of ACM name and describe them.

Answer 124

1. Friable Asbestos - any asbestos containing material (ACM) that is in powder form, or can be crumbled, pulverised or reduced to powder by hand pressure when dry. Examples are loose-fill insulation, pipe lagging, and fire-damaged ACM.
2. Non-Friable Asbestos - Previously known as bonded. Any ACM that is not friable,
   including materials containing asbestos fibres reinforced with a bonding compound. (Non-friable ACM that has been reduced to powder by fire or severe impact will become friable.) Examples include fibre cement sheeting (‘fibro’), corrugated or moulded fibre cement, and electrical switchboards.

FRN14/3405 Version 05 November 2017 SOG 10.11 page 1 para 3

Question 125

Question 133
According to Standing Orders – The minimum number of new PIPs to be completed by each platoon yearly is?

Answer 125

4 new PIPs by each platoon per year

Standing Orders Version 32 11 October 2023 page 142

Question 126

Question 134
According to Standing Orders - Why does FRNSW conduct hydrant inspections?

Answer 126

• Ensure hydrants working when needed
• Notify water authorities of problems with hydrants
• Familiarise crews with hydrants in their area

Standing Orders Version 21 - 11 October 2023 Page 138

Question 127

Question 135
According to the After-Action Review (AAR) Policy - AARs are held for the purpose of reviewing organisational performance, resulting in a series of observations, which are analysed to produce thematic insights. What timeframe should a Type 1 review be conducted?

Answer 127

Type 1 AAR Should be conducted either on site after the incident or informally back at the station (mess room chat) or during the following shift if timing is an issue.

”Hot” or immediate review conducted at the incident or upon return to station, particularly if a safety issue has been identified. Recommended, but at the discretion of Station Commander.

After Action Review Policy NO EM11-002 Version 1 - March 2023 para 4.3

Question 128

Question 136
As stated in in the FRNSW Code of Conduct and Ethics - FRNSW has shared values with the NSW Government Sector. Name all the shared values.

Answer 128

Integrity
Service

NSW Government Core Values - Integrity, Service Accountability and Trust
FRNSW Core Values - Respect, Integrity, Service and Courage

https://intranet.nswfire.nsw.gov.au/about-frnsw/culture-and-values/values
Code of Conduct (Professional Standards Policy No CG02-10 dated October 2022 page 8)

Question 129

Question 137
According to FRNSW Policy Managing Gifts, Benefits and Hospitality Policy and Procedure - Any offer of a gift or benefit in excess of $50 or not token in nature, whether it is accepted or not, must be declared and registered with who?

Answer 129

Gifts to be declared to professional standards and entered into the gifts and benefits register

Managing Gifts, Benefits and Hospitality Policy and Procedure, Policy No. CG02-006 Version 04 dated March 2023 page 6 para 7.1

Question 130

Question 138
According to the infection prevention and control manual - An infection occurs when another organism enters your body and causes disease. There are six main transmission routes, list four.

Answer 130

• Direct Contact transmission with blood or body substances
• Indirect Contact transmission
• Droplet transmission
• Airborne transmission
• Gastrointestinal transmission
• Vector borne zoonotic transmission

Infection Prevention and Control Manual Version 03 - March 2021 D20/72061 page 5

Question 131

Question 139
According to SOGs - What is the unit of measurement for external radiation?

Answer 131

The International System of Units (SI) defines measurement of radiation as a Sievert (Sv). But, as this is a large unit, radiation dose equivalents are more commonly expressed in terms of:
* millisievert (mSv) - one thousandth of a sievert
* microsievert (µSv) - on millionth of a sievert

SOG 10.9 Guideline Support Document (FRN14/1266 Version 01, August 2017) page 6

Question 132

Question 140
According to SOGs - The risk of developing asbestos related disease depends on many factors. List three factors.

Answer 132

• Concentration of exposure - greater qantities increase likelihood
• Duration of exposure - longer duration = increased likelihood of disease
• Fibre characteristics - types of fibres inhaled
• Other exposures - exposure to other hazardous material may compound the likelihood of developing disease

SOG 10.11 Guideline Support Document Version 04 - November 2017 (FRN14/3405) page 31

Question 133

Question 141
List and define the three zone systems as outlined in SOGs Scene Security.

Answer 133

Hot Zone - minimum 30 metres in all directions. No personnel enters the Hot Zone until the Dynamic Risk Assessment determines appropriate level of PPE and actions
Warm Zone - where FRNSW conducts its operational work
Cold Zone - where the incident control point and support agencies are located and where police implement overal site control.

SOG 10.11 Version 02 AMD 1 - January 2011 (page 2 para 4.3)

Question 134

Question 142
According to SOGs - Operators of aged care facilities have emergency plans, which include a staged evacuation plan. List the stage numbers including the stage FRNSW would likely be involved.

Answer 134

Stage 1- Residents removed from immediate danger – evacuated to an adjoining room or corridor.
Stage 2 FRNSW are likely to be involved from this stage - Residents removed from adjoining rooms and corridors, away from the emergency (fire, smoke, gas) – evacuated to an adjoining fire or smoke compartment, or another floor below the emergency.
Stage 3 - Residents completely evacuated from the building – evacuated to a nominated safe assembly area

SOG 4.8 Version 01 - September 2016 FRN15/1569 page 2

Question 135

Question 143
According to SOGs - During bushfire operations safeguarding strategy is not fire suppression but can be used when defensive operations are not safe. Describe the actions taken in this strategy.

Answer 135

Warn - tailored to the current situation
Move - support, assist and move partly vulnerable people to a safer location
Protect - when moving to a safe location is impossible, provide protection in whatever form necessary.

SOG 3.1 Guideline Support Document FRN181064-009 Version 01 Amd 1 - September 2022 page 52

Question 136

Question 144
According to SOGs - At a high-rise structure fire, what area provides a safe location with building communications, control equipment and plans?

Answer 136

Fire Control Room (FCR)

SOG 4.5 Version A Amd 1 - January 2011 page 3

Question 137

Question 145
SOGs state - In some cases, mostly at larger structures and complexes it may not be appropriate to turn off power to the entire structure. List three of these structures or complexes.

Answer 137

Industrial complexes – some processes may be difficult to shut down quickly
High-rise buildings – lights or lifts may be needed during evacuation of residents
Health care facilities – life-sustaining equipment may be in use.

SOG 14.2 FRN19/1309 Version 03 - April 2021 page 2 para 3

Question 138

Question 146
According to the FRNSW smoke alarm installation procedure - When installing a smoke alarm in a residential dwelling, what is the most suitable fixing method to attach to surfaces.

Answer 138

Heavy duty 3M brand Double Sided Tape (part number 4950)

Smoke Alarm Installation Procedure Version 01 - 27 June 2019 page 6

Question 139

Question 147
Suspicious substance incidents (including suspicious package incidents) are multi-agency incidents. FRNSW, the NSW Police Force and the Ambulance Service of NSW have developed multi-agency procedures to provide emergency services personnel with the knowledge, skills, and ability to ensure a consistent and safe approach for management and resolution of suspicious substance incidents. The level of risk can be identified by a colour. What are these colours?

Answer 139

Red - Highest assessed risk incident
Blue - medium risk incidents
Green - Low risk incidents

Operational Guide for Multi-Agency Response to Suspicious Substance Incidents 18 September 2023 page 9

Question 140

Question 148
Sexual Harassment is against the law and never acceptable. FRNSW adopts the legal definition of sexual harassment as per the Anti-Discrimination Act 1977. What constitutes sexual harassment as described in the Act?

Answer 140

FRNSW adopts the legal definition of sexual harassment as per the Anti Discrimination Act 1977 (NSW) which defines sexual harassment as a person making an unwelcome sexual advance, or an unwelcome request for sexual favours, or engaging in other unwelcome conduct of a sexual nature in relation to the other person in circumstances in which a reasonable person, having regard to all the circumstances, would have anticipated that the other person would be offended, humiliated or intimidated.

This conduct includes but is not limited to:
* Unwelcome touching, hugging or kissing
* Inappropriate staring or leering
* Gestures of a sexual nature and sexually suggestive comments or jokes
* Displaying, sending or requesting explicit pictures or posters
* Making or distributing a sexually explicit audio/video recording of another person – this also extends to utilising photoshop to alter images
* Repeated or inappropriate invitations
* Intrusive questions or comments about a person’s private life, sexual preference or physical appearance

Sexual Harassment Prevention Policy, Policy No CG02-015 Version 07 - 8 May 2020 page 5

Question 141

Question 149
According to the procedure, list the requirements regarding qualifications for a full or part change of shift.

Answer 141

Replacement firefighters must have similar qualifications required to meet the needs of the position being filled on the particular shift, e.g. rescue, hazmat, pumper or aerial operator qualifications.

Duty Commanders can refuse applications for part or full change of shift if the replacement firefighter does not have the required qualifications.

Arrangements for Full or Part Change of Shift Procedure dated 26 November 2014 Version 6 dated Feb 2023 page 2

Question 142

Question 150
According to the procedure, arrangement for a full or part change of shift- The applicant must submit the form to their Station Commander or Supervisor at least how many hours in advance?

Answer 142

24 hours in advance

Arrangements for Full or Part Change of Shift Procedure dated 26 November 2014 Version 6 dated Feb 2023 page 3

Question 143

Question 151
According to the FRNSW Act 1989, what is the definition of a hazardous material incident?

Answer 143

means an actual or impending land-based spillage or other escape of hazardous material that causes or threatens to cause injury or death or damage to property.

Fire and Rescue NSW Act 1989 dated 11 December 2023 page 8

Question 144

Question 152
According to the NSW RFS and FRNSW Memorandum of Understanding, when responding to AFAs within the jurisdictional, responsibility of the RFS, the first arriving brigade can deactivate the local alarm, who can carry out resetting of the alarm?

Answer 144

Resetting of the alarm will only be carried out by FRNSW. Where the NSW RFS finds that there is no fire, a call off should be passed to the Communication Centre (ComCen) and the FRNSW unit will then continue to the premises under normal traffic conditions to re-set the alarm and collect administrative information.

NSW RFS & FRNSW Memorandum of Understanding (framework for cooperation and joint operations involving urban and rural fire services) dated 13 Jan 2011 para 6.3

Question 145

Question 153
According to the Toolkit - Workplace Safety- Annual Workplace Safety Inspections aim to reduce the number of safety incidents by identifying and controlling a broad range of potential hazards in FRNSW-owned or leased workplaces. When must each FRNSW-owned or leased workplace be inspected by each year?

Answer 145

31 May each year

https://intranet.nswfire.nsw.gov.au/toolkit/organisation-wide/health-and-safety/workplace-inspections

Question 146

Question 155
According to SOGs - When using a hydrant booster, the IC will instruct the pump operator to run the hydrant booster system in one of three modes. List and describe all three.

Answer 146

Stand by mode
Activation mode
Deactivation mode

SOG 4.11 Version A Issued August 2005 para 9

Question 147

Question 156
According to the workplace safety toolkit - Every workplace should have a prominently displayed Health & Safety Notice Board, list all documents that should be attached?

Answer 147

• SIRA Poster - If you get injured at work
• Commissioner’s Safety Statement
• Safety and Wellbeing Plan 2021-2022
• FRNSW Return to Work Policy and Program Summary
• Workplace Evacuation Diagrams – Email your request to propertyhelpdesk@fire.nsw.gov.au
• WHS Issue Resolution Flowchart
• Guide - NIIENM Submission Workflow
• Safety information and Contacts
• Safety Representatives Template
• First Aid Officers Template (not necessary for stations)
• Fire Warden Template (not necessary for stations)

No other information should be placed on the board unless it directly relates to safety (eg. safety bulletins, EAP information, operations bulletins, etc).

https://intranet.nswfire.nsw.gov.au/toolkit/organisation-wide/health-and-safety/whs-notice-board

Question 148

Question 157
According to Standing Orders - Smoke screen security devices produce a barrier of dense white fog when a monitored security alarm system is activated. FRNSW may be responded to buildings where the smoke screen has been activated and mistaken for a fire. What are two things’ firefighters should consider before entering the building?

Answer 148

Firefighters should consider that:
* intruders may still be in the building;
* a real fire may have set off motion detectors and activated the smoke screen device.

Standing Orders Version 32 - 11 October 2023 page 63

Question 149

Question 158
According to the Firefighters Training Manual, what is the definition of thermal capacity?

Answer 149

Thermal capacity is the amount of heat absorbed for any given increase in temperature.

White Reader Volume 1 Topic 2 Section 2 Page 2 (Issued May 1996)

Question 150

Question 159
According to the Firefighters Training Manual, flash fires and dust explosions are similar in conditions. Three conditions occur in both flash fires and dust explosions. Which conditions do NOT occur in both?

Answer 150

This condition is only in a dust explosion
* the explosive chemical reaction must occur in a confined space

*Note: these conditions are in both Flash Fires and dust explosions
a combustible solid in the form of dust must be dispersed in the air
* the concentration of the dust in the air must be within the explosive range
* a source of ignition must be introduced of sufficient energy and duration to initiate the explosive chain reaction for that particular dust

White Reader Volume 1 Topic 3 Section 8 page 4

Question 151

Question 161
During a bushfire, a helicopter is carrying out hot refuelling operations to prepare for ongoing water bombing operations. According to SOGs, a designated Fire Protection Crew should follow what procedures?

Answer 151

Firefighters should follow SOG 5.8 “Fire Protection for Helicopter Hot Refuelling”

SOG 5.8 Version A Issued April 2004

Question 152

Question 162
A 6-level building has a fire burning on the 3rd level. Heat smoke and fire gases are gradually rising through vertical openings and spreading to floors above the fire. As per the Firefighters Training Manual, what factors will mostly affect the levels reached by these stratified layers?

Answer 152

• the type of fuel in the fire;
• size of the fire;
• size of the internal openings;
• height of the building; and
• the weather.

White Reader Volume 1 Version A issued May 1996 Topic 2 Section 14 page 6

Question 153

Question 163
At a 4th alarm industrial unit fire, the Incident Commander (IC) had assigned Sector Commanders, a Safety Officer and a Staging Officer with four pumps initially in Staging. The IC later requested an extra six firefighters and a Station Commander from Staging, but there was only one pump in Staging. Why was this error not identified?

Answer 153

Nash:
Loss of Span of Control, communication loss, freelancing from the Staging Officer

..
..
..

The IC should initiate a designated Staging area as soon as practical, to manage span of control. Staging should be within walking distance of the incident if possible.
* The first arriving officer in Staging becomes the Staging Officer. The IC deploys staged resources via the Staging Officer.
* The IC should specify a minimum number of spare resources required in Staging.
* When requesting non-FRNSW resources to an incident, the IC should have them report to Staging and wait for deployment.

Also:
Staging Officer
If you are the first arriving officer into Staging:
* Assume the role of Staging Officer, with your crew assisting.
* Keep track of resources in Staging.
* As requested by the IC, release resources to be deployed into the incident.
* Advise the IC when spare resources in Staging are low, or fall below the
number specified by the IC.

SOG 1.1 FRN13/2030 Vewrsion 01 - March 2015 page 1 and 4

Question 154

Question 164
You are responding to a fire call in a Scania 320 pumper through small roundabouts in wet weather and the driver reports that the vehicle’s brakes are operating independently and intermittently. In accordance with the Operations Bulletin 2014-02, what actions should be taken?

Answer 154

If drivers of Scania P320 pumpers are continually activating the ESP system, they are travelling too quickly for the road conditions and must alter their driving behaviour.

Slow down and drive to the road conditions, altering their aggressive driving behaviour

Operations Bulletin 2014-02 Electronic Stability Program Systems installed in FRNSW vehicles Version 01 - 12 August 2014

Question 155

Question 165
According to the definitions in the STP, provide a detailed description of Hazard and Risk.

Answer 155

A hazard is anything in the workplace that has the potential to cause harm to a person.

A hazard can be an object or a thing – eg an acetylene cylinder – or the way work is done – eg a hazardous manual task. Hazards are often grouped into categories by their type, for instance:
* Physical hazards, such as plant and equipment
* Chemical hazards, such as hazardous substances
* Ergonomic hazards, such as hazardous manual tasks
* Psychosocial hazards, such as critical incidents.

A risk is the harm that may occur to a person exposed to a hazard. The level of risk is dependent on the severity of harm that may be caused and the likelihood of that harm occurring.

Couldn’t find in STP
SOG 1.9 Guideline Support Document Version 01 - January 2018 FRN15/2599 page 13

Question 156

Question 168
You attend a 3rd Alarm structure fire, and the Incident Commander (IC) appoints you the Safety Officer. What is the Safety Officer responsible for? List five.

Answer 156

• Identify unsafe conditions or operations and report these to the IC (or Operations Officer if in place).
• Correct unsafe work practices through the appropriate commander. If this affects strategy and tactics, inform the IC so that the incident action plan can be reviewed.
• Communicate with commanders, to identify safety concerns and the control measures implemented.
• Identify hazards likely to affect the safety, health, or welfare of personnel. Through the appropriate commander, ensure all those at the incident are properly briefed on these hazards, including measures to eliminate, prevent, or mitigate risks.
• Assist the IC to complete the operational risk assessment and the risk assessment worksheet. Alternatively, conduct the operational risk assessment for the IC and communicate the assessment to the IC.
• Confirm that all health and safety systems are in place – eg breathing apparatus control, rehabilitation, health monitoring.
• Confirm that all utilities are identified and rendered safe.
• Confirm that all those at the incident are aware of the location of the hazard zone, any exclusion zones, and any other designated areas.
• Request the appointment of additional Safety Officers if needed.
• Maintain awareness of the incident communications plan and incident action plan.

SOG 1 Guideline Support Document FRN13/1319 Version 01 - March 2015 page 90

Question 157

Question 169
FRNSW use different methods to ventilate a structure. All ventilation methods require safety precautions. According to the Firefighters Training Manual, what safety precautions should you practice during vertical or trench ventilation?

Answer 157

• don’t walk on spongy roofs. Sponginess in the roof is usually a sign that structural members have been weakened;
• take care to prevent firefighters from sliding and falling;
• exercise caution when working near electric wires;
• ensure that firefighters making the opening are standing to the windward side of the cut and wearing the correct protective equipment;
• watch for indications of weakening structure or other hazards;
• apply extreme caution when using power tools;
• keep a firm footing;
• always have a means of retreat.

White Reader Volume 1 Version A issued May 1996 Topic 2 Section 14 page 12

Question 158

Question 170
You are performing a fire duty after a fire at a factory. The cause is yet to be determined; the Fire Investigation and Research Unit (FIRU) and Police are at work. An employee asks if he can go and retrieve some personal belongings. According to Part 3 Section 32 of the Fire Brigades Regulation 2023, what is your correct course of action?

Answer 158

A firefighter on fire duty or watch duty at the site of a fire, hazardous material incident or other emergency must:
(a) ensure that:
(i) any premises at the site are not entered, and
(ii) goods are not interfered with or removed from any such premises, otherwise than by persons who can establish their identity and authority to do so, and
(b) report any breach of security to the officer in charge at the site.

Fire Brigades Regulation 25 August 2023 Part 4 Section 31

Question 159

Question 171
According to SOGs, as the Incident Commander, you may choose a fast attack command position. What does fast attack enable the IC to do?

Answer 159

• More fully size up the incident.
• Directly supervise the crew.
• Assist the crew with task level work if needed.
• Take advantage of the limited window of opportunity available while the incident is in its early stages.

SOG 1 Guideline Support Documnet FRN13/1319 Version 01 - March 2015 page 24

Question 160

Question 172
Hazardous chemical (Hazchem) emergency action codes provide information for the fire brigade and police on how to deal with a fire or spillage. What does the 3-digit code give basic information on?

Answer 160

Indicates the initial action required in the event of a dangerous substance incident (page 10)

.

During the initial stages of a spill or other dangerous substance incident, including fire, the HazChem Code points to the emergency action required. De-coded with the aid of the HazChem Scale, a card which is issued to all firefighters as well as being carried on all fire appliances. (page 11)
* The first position refers to the firefighting media
* The second position answers 3 questions:
a) reaction
b) PPE required
c) Spillage to be diluted or contained
* The third position is to consider evacuation

White Reader Volume 2 Version A issued December 1996 Topic 7 Section 2 page 10-11 para 2.5.8

Question 161

Question 173
To extinguish a fire, we must remove one or more factors that form the fire triangle or fire tetrahedron. According to the Firefighters Training Manual, what methods are used to remove one of these factors. List four.

Answer 161

• starvation;
• smothering;
• cooling; and
• interruption of the flame chain reaction

White Reader Volume 1 Version A issued May 1996 Topic 2 Section 2 page 1

Question 162

Question 174
According to the Firefighters Training Manual, the use of water as an extinguishing medium on ships has some disadvantages. List three of the disadvantages.

Answer 162

• it is likely to damage cargo
• it may react dangerously with cargo;
• it can affect a ship’s stability;
• it always presents a danger of flooding; and
• NSWFB equipment may not fit shipboard connections.

White Reader Volume 1 issued May 1996 Topic 3 Section 2 page 26

Question 163

Question 176
According to STP - Crews operating on levels above the fire should be constantly alert for the potential of fire extension. List the actions should crews take.

Answer 163

• Checking concealed spaces, including ducting and pipework with the TIC
• Closing windows and moving flammable material away from windows
• Always having charged lines of hose
• Maintaining communication with outside crews, who can report any externally visible indicators of changed fire activity

STP 19 Multi-Level Complex Fires Powerpoint Presentation dated June 2022 Slide 16

Question 164

Question 177
You are responded to an aircraft on a runway with smoke issuing from behind the piston engine. All passengers and crew are out. It is a radial engine. According to the Firefighters Training Manual, how does the fire risk of this engine compare to an in-line engine and what extinguishing medium would you use?

Answer 164

The greater fire risk in this type of engine is in the ancillary equipment. This equipment is usually housed in a bay behind the cylinders. The fire risk in this area is in the oil pumps, generators, carburetors, and superchargers and in the pipework and wiring.

Extinguishing mediums include Halon or CO2. Foam should be avoided as this will then require the engine to be completely dismantled

White Reader Volume 1 Version A issued May 1996 Topic 3 Section 1 page 3 para 1.4.1

Question 165

Question 178
According to FRNSW Fatigue Management Procedure - Short-term fatigue management is the management of acute fatigue that may occur as a result of tasks undertaken by firefighters during work hours. As a guide, a break from these tasks should be taken how often?

Answer 165

Every 4 hours

Fatigue Management Procedure Policy No. CG10-018 Version 01 dated 11 Sept 2015 page 8

Question 166

Question 179
You have been instructed to commence ventilation. According to the Firefighters Training Manual, when determining where ventilation needs to be carried out, what considerations need to be taken into account?

Answer 166

• the nature and proximity of exposures;
• the size of the fire;
• the seat of the fire;
• the wind and weather conditions;
• the type of building construction; and
• the presence of vertical or horizontal openings and how they may affect ventilation

White Reader Volume 1 Version A dated May 1996 Topic 2 Section 14 page 1 para 14.2.2

Question 167

Question 180
According to SOGs, if CO2 is used to extinguish a fire in an underground vault substation what is the minimum time it needs to be kept sealed within the vault?

Answer 167

Upon discharge of the gas, keep the vault closed and openings sealed for at least 20 minutes.

SOG 14.5 Version 02 - April 2021 FRN19/1312 page 3

Question 168

Question 181
According to SOGs, what is the definition of decontamination?

Answer 168

Decontamination is the process of removing contaminants from people and equipment to prevent further injury and reduce the spread of the contaminant.

SOG 10.4 Version 03 - April 2021 FRN19/2058 page 1 para 2

Question 169

Question 182
During a bushfire, your sector contains an area where trees and grass are alight under high voltage power lines. According to SOGs, what are the safe working distances and what firefighting activities can you perform?

Answer 169

Do not engage in firefighting under high voltage power lines.
Keep people and vehicles a minimum of 25 metres clear of a fire burning under or near power lines.

SOG 14.4 Version 02 - April 2021 FRN19/1311 Page 3, para 5

Question 170

Question 183
You need to attach a delivery to the hydrant outlet. According to the Firefighters Training Manual, hydrants have what types of deliveries?

Answer 170

• double delivery
• elbow delivery
• standpipe delivery

White Reader Volume 1 Version A issued May 1996 Topic 2 Section 4 page 6 para 4.5.1

Question 171

Question 184
A BA team reports to a Breathing Apparatus Control Operator (BACO) two floors below the fire floor at a high-rise structure fire. They provide their BA tallies to the BACO and proceed to the fire floor but remain in the fire stairs for ten minutes before donning BA and beginning firefighting tasks.Ten minutes after that the BACO is trying to contact the Sector Commander urgently stating that they are running low on air when they are not. According to SOGs, what went wrong?

Answer 171

The BA wearer did not notify the BACO when they donned their facemask and began using their air supply before entering the fire floor

SOG 9.4 Version 02 - January 2011 page 2 para 6

Question 172

Question 185
According to SOGs, there are five members of a decontamination team. Name all members.

Answer 172

• Decontamination Officer
• Wash Operator
• Wash Assistant
• Disrobe Assistant
• Pump Operator

SOG 10.4 FRN19/3058 Version 03 April 2021 page 2 para 6

Question 173

Question 186
At an incident, fire crews believe accelerants may have been used. According to Standing Orders, what are possible signs of accelerant use?

Answer 173

• characteristic burn pattern,
• indication of fire trailers,
• rapid fire development inconsistent with available combustible materials,
• unusual odours, or
• damage to building consistent with a vapour explosion.

Standing Order Version 21 11 October 2023 page 12

Question 174

Question 187
You are in charge of firefighters providing fire protection during helicopter refuelling. You instruct them to wear full PPE. According to SOGs, what full PPE will they wear?

Answer 174

• full structural firefighting ensemble, including helmet and gloves
• flash hood
• SCBA
• ear plugs.

SOG 5.8 Version A issued April 2004 para 5

Question 175

Question 188
Under the FRNSW Act 1989, define flammable matter?

Answer 175

flammable matter includes:
(a) any substance capable of ignition or combustion by the application of heat, by
means of sparks or spontaneously, and
(b) any substance prescribed as flammable for the purposes of this definition.

Fire and Rescue NSW Act 1989 dated 11 December 2023 page 7

Question 176

Question 189
According to SOGs- Bushfire classes are determined by the level of resources committed to the fire, and its potential impact on the community, economy, essential infrastructure, and not its size. Describe a Class 3 bushfire?

Answer 176

A major bushfire or fires where an appointment is made or is imminent under
the provisions of Section 44 of the Rural Fires Act 1997.

SOG 3.1 Guideline Support Document Version 01 Amd 1 - September 2022 FRN18/1064-009 page 17 para 5

Question 177

Question 190
In relation to toxic chemicals, what are the four main types of military warfare agents?

Answer 177

• Nerve or G agents
• Blister agents or H agents (vesicants – skin & eye irritants)
• Blood agents (chemical asphyxiants)
• Choking agents (respiratory irritants)

Chemistry and Toxicology Manual TRIM D16/17295 Ver 1 - April 2016 page 112

Question 178

Question 191
You are first arriving Station Commander at a fire to find smoke issuing from a single level house. You have not conducted a 360° size up but have given your crew initial tasks. What actions would most assist in formally assuming command?

Answer 178

Command must be formally assumed. That is, the IC must, as part of the initial radio report to FireCOM, confirm that an IC is in place, and name command (following the naming convention).

Confirming and naming command:
* Sets the stage for incident management to begin.
* Broadcasts to en-route crews and FireCOM that the incident has an IC.
* Begins to prepare the incident for ongoing operations.

SOG 1 Guideline Support Document Version 1 - March 2015 FRN13/1319 page 23

Question 179

Question 192
You respond to a High-Rise building. According to SOGs, High Rise buildings are generally described by what characteristics?

Answer 179

High-rise buildings are generally described as being more than 25 metres high or having more than 10 levels

SOG 4.5 Version A Amd 1 - January 2011 page 1 para 2

Question 180

Question 194
According to the Firefighters Training Manual, what conditions should be determined before carrying out ventilation?

Answer 180

Before ventilating a building, you should determine the existence of the following four conditions:
* the seat of the fire has been located;
* crews are ready to enter with charged hose lines;
* back-up crews are ready to enter; and
* communications have been established amongst all crews.

White Reader Volume 1 Version A issued May 1996 Topic 2 Section 14 page 2 para 14.4

Question 181

Question 195
You are the Incident Commander at a hazardous materials incident and find wastewater coming from an adjoining business is entering the Hot Zone and spreading contaminants. You order this water supply to be shut off, but the business owner next door complains that he will lose money by shutting down production. What are your general powers in this situation as stipulated under the FRNSW Act?

Answer 181

The officer in charge at a fire or hazardous material incident may, for the purpose of extinguishing or controlling a fire or confining or ending the incident or rendering the site of the incident safe, without payment:
(a) take and use any water from any source on any land, and
(b) cause water to flow into or be shut off from any main or pipe.

Fire and Rescue NSW Act 1989 dated 11 December 2023 Part 3 Division 1 para 15

Question 182

Question 196
FRNSW incident management is consistent with the Australasian Inter-service Incident Management System (AIIMS). What are the key principles of AIIMS?

Answer 182

The key principles of AIIMS are:
* Flexibility – the method must be able to be applied across all types of incidents, with an incident structure and plans that reflect the needs of the incident.
* Management by objectives – for every incident a set of objectives must be identified and a plan developed for managing those objectives. There can only be one set of objectives and one incident action plan.
* Functional management – there are eight functional areas, or activates, that need to be managed – ie Control, Planning, Intelligence, Public Information, Operations, Investigation, Logistics and Finance. The Incident Commander is responsible for all functional areas but may choose to
* delegate one or more of the functions, depending upon the size and nature of the incident.
* Unity of command – there must be only one Incident Commander; each individual must only report to one supervisor.
* Span of control – an individual should only have 5 people reporting to them (optimal is 1:5 ratio), but this can vary between 1:3 to 1:7, depending upon the activity, geography, or nature of the incident

SOG 1 FRN13/1319 Version 01 - March 2015 page 2 para 3

Question 183

Question 197
According to SOGs, Describe the term “All Clear.”

Answer 183

Search and rescue has been completed and the Incident Controller is satisfied that all occupants have been accounted for.

SOG 2.7 Version A issued October 2003 page 7 para 7.3.1

Question 184

Question 199
You are the Incident Commander at a large factory fire. There are 8 pumps code 3 at the incident. According to SOGs, list two combinations could you allocate these pumps to achieve three-deep deployment?

Answer 184

Pump 1 - Hot Zone
Pump 2 - Recycling in the warm zone
Pump 3 - uncommitted on the edge of the Warm Zone as the RIT if needed
Pumps 4-8 in staging waiting to be deployed

Pump 1 - crew in rehabilation
Pump 2 - working in the hot zone
Pump 3 - recycling in the warm zone
Pump 4- on deck
pumps 5-8 in staging

SOG 1 Guideline Support Document FRN13/1319 Version 01 - March 2015 page 20
SOG 1.1 Deployment Check Sheet FRN13/2030 Version 01 - March 2015 page 2

Question 185

Question 200
FRNSW is committed to achieving the principles and requirements of the Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion Policy, to achieve this what are all employees responsible for?

Answer 185

All employees are responsible for:
* Creating a culturally safe workplace environment which is free from discrimination and everyone is valued and treated with respect;
* Working collaboratively to recognise and appreciate equity, diversity and inclusion;
* Identifying and addressing any form of discrimination in the workplace

Equity, Diversity and Inclusion Policy Version 01 Draft 04 - 4 April 2017 page 7 para 7.3

Question 186

Question 201
According to the Transfer and Mobility Policy, list the reasons permanent Officers and Firefighters may seek transfer or be transferred to other locations.

Answer 186

• Career development
• Operational capability (skills and qualifications development)
• Compassionate issues/staff welfare
• Location based transfers
• Performance/disciplinary

Mobility and Transfer - Policy and Procedure - Policy No CG09-013 Version 01 - 15 December 2016 page 4-5 para 6

Question 187

Question 202
According to the Firefighters Training Manual, what does the term latent heat of vaporisation refer to?

Answer 187

The amount of heat required to vaporise a unit weight of the extinguishing medium.

White Reader Volume 1 Version A issued May 1996 Topic 2 Section 2 page 2

Question 188

Question 203
According to the Firefighters Training Manual, water is drawn from various types of water mains. Name the types of mains.

Answer 188

• Trunk Mains that supply water from the original source to a secondary distribution point
• Distributory Mains that supply water from the secondary distribution point to sub-divided areas such as a suburb; and
• Reticulation Mains that feed off distributory mains and feed individual streets and buildings

White Reader Volume 1 Version A issued May 1996 Topic 2 Section 4 page 1 para 4.2.1

Question 189

Question 205
Insulated Sandwich Panels (ISPs), especially those with Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) cores can create an extremely hazardous environment for firefighters and may force adoption of a defensive strategy from an early stage. According to SOGs, what are the reasons for this?

Answer 189

1. Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) melts and flows like a liquid. It is highly flammable, inducing rapid fire spread, which is undetectable with thermal imaging cameras (due to the insulating properties of the panels) and can spread to areas remote from the fire origin.
2. Panel delamination, where the hot metal panel skins bow and open up, rapidly increases the rate of fire spread, which heats the ceiling void, creates secondary pool fires from melted EPS, and causes panels to collapse (Figure 2).
3. There is an increased risk of flashover and backdraught.
4. Large volumes of toxic, thick, black, acrid smoke are produced.
5. Sudden, loss of structural integrity may cause substantial building collapse.

SOG 4.16 Version 01 issued August 2008 page 2

Question 190

Question 206
According to the Firefighters Training Manual, what are the main types of aircraft?

Answer 190

• civil;
• military; and
• helicopters (civil and military).

White Reader Volume 1 Version A issued May 1996 Topic 3 Section 1 page 1 para 1.2

Question 191

Question 207
According to SOGs, when responding into a Rural Fire District, when are you required to send a Code 6?

Answer 191

A Code 6 must be transmitted:
* Immediately it becomes apparent to the Officer-in-Charge (OIC) of an FRNSW appliance that they have received a call to an incident located within a Rural Fire District, or
* With the Code 1 (responding) message if it is known at the time of the call that the incident is in a Rural Fire District.

Code 6 should be transmitted for all types of incidents in Rural Fire Districts, including rescue and hazmat calls, whether or not Rural Fire Service attendance is required.

SOG 2.5 FRN14/3873 Version 03 Amd 1 - August 2024 page 2 para 4 (and yes the SOG has 2024 listed as the date…)

Question 192

Question 208
According to Operations Bulletin 2023-02. List the risk management measures that should be taken when attending incidents involving hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV).

Answer 192

• Conduct atmospheric monitoring with a four head gas detector for LELs to detect if hydrogen is leaking.
• Use a thermal imaging camera (TIC) to identify if hydrogen fire is present.
• Conduct thermal checks on the battery using a TIC to determine whether thermal runaway may be occurring within the lithium-ion battery. Increasing temperature is an indication that a thermal runaway event may be occurring. If so, use a hose stream to cool.
• Establish an exclusion zone (minimum 15 m) around any hydrogen FCEV incident.

Operations Bulletin 2023-02 Hydrogen Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles Version 01 - 15 June 2023 FRN22/477-013 page 3

Question 193

Question 209
The operation (or non-operation) of the pressure relief valve on an LPG storage or transport container does not necessarily mean that a BLEVE is imminent. However, if the valve is operating on an LPG storage container that has no odorant and is labelled accordingly the internal pressure of the cylinder may be rising. According to the Firefighters Training Manual, what are indicators of a possible BLEVE?

Answer 193

• any increase in the noise level from the valve; or
• any sign of bulging or blistering on the outside of the tank or cylinder.

White Reader Volume 1 Version A issued May 1996 Topic 3 Section 5 page 6 para 5.5

Question 194

Question 210
In accordance with SOGs, when developing objectives, strategies and tactics what should be considered?

Answer 194

• the response time for requested support;
• the requirements for relief crews and refreshments; and
• whether a change of shift might be necessary

SOG 4.1 Version A issued October 2000 page 4

Question 195

Question 211
You are the Officer in Charge at a hazardous materials incident, and the site manager is failing to cooperate. You advise the site manager of your authority to enter and operate under the FRNSW Act, what does it state?

Answer 195

1. The officer in charge may, with or without members of a fire brigade, enter any place:
   a. in respect of which an alarm of fire is raised to ascertain whether there is a fire at the place, or
   b. in respect of which a report of a hazardous material incident has been made to ascertain whether there is any hazardous material at the place that is, or is about to be, the subject of a hazardous material incident.
2. Reasonable force, whether by breaking down gates or fences or breaking open doors or otherwise, may be used to gain entry.

If site manager still persists we can remove him from the scene under Section 19 - General Powers to Remove People or Obstacles
Part 3, Division 1 Section 19
The officer in charge at a fire or hazardous material incident may cause to be removed any person, vehicle, vessel or thing the presence of whom or which at or near a fire or hazardous material incident might, in the officer’s opinion, interfere with the work of any fire brigade or the exercise of any of the officer’s functions.

Fire and Rescue NSW Act 1989 - 11 December 2023 Part 3 DIvision 1 Section 12

Question 196

Question 212
According to the Toolkit - Conduct - Respectful Workplaces, Clear communication is one of the best ways to build a respectful workplace and to avoid conflict. What is the tool that will help employees to communicate clearly when addressing difficult topics.

Answer 196

Straight Talk

https://intranet.nswfire.nsw.gov.au/toolkit/about-you/conduct/respectful-workplace-training

Question 197

Question 213
According to the Toolkit - Mental fitness- What program offers an external service that provides professional and confidential counselling/coaching to help you with challenges, issues or concerns that may be affecting you at work or home.

Answer 197

Employee Assistance Program (Wellbeing Coordinator - 02 92653910 or 0448295725)
Service provider: Converge International (1300 687 327)

https://intranet.nswfire.nsw.gov.au/toolkit/organisation-wide/health/mental-health/support/employee-assistance-program

Question 198

Question 214
According to SOGs - During the de-escalation of an incident, at what stage is command terminated?

Answer 198

Incident completed
* Command is only terminated when the last FRNSW (resource) leaves the incident
* When the last FRNSW resource is about to leave the incident site, the IC must send an Incident completed radio message to FireCOM.

SOG 1 Guideline Support Document FRN13/1319 Version 01 - March 2015 page 86

Question 199

Question 215
What are principles of situation evaluation in incident management?

Answer 199

• The Incident Commander (IC) must identify a set of critical factors – ie elements that, if not dealt with rapidly, could cause expansion of the incident or a threat to firefighters or others – and process them into an incident action plan (IAP).
• The IC can only deal with 3-7 critical factors at any one time. If there are more than this, consider expanding the incident structure so that delegation can occur.
• Collecting and evaluating information may start before arriving on scene.
• Once on scene, further information is collected and rapidly evaluated via an initial size up from the vehicle. Whenever possible, the IC should collect additional information via a 360 degree size up.
• Critical factors must be communicated to FireCOM.
• The IC should continually collect information during the incident from commanders and other external sources such as onsite experts, Bureau of Meteorology, and other agencies.
• Critical factors may change rapidly as the incident evolves. The IAP must be modified as critical factors change.
• The IC’s initial size up and decision-making about critical factors may need to be rapid. Once the incident is contained, the IC should take a more deliberate approach.
• Situation evaluation only ends when command is terminated.
• Anyone at the incident may collect information regarding critical factors. These need to be communicated to the IC. Critical safety concerns can be addressed immediately if required, before informing the IC.

SOG 1.3 Version 01 - March 2015 FRN13/2036 page 1 para 2

Question 200

Question 216
According to Recommended Practice, state why the thermal imaging camera may or may not be suitable for use in a flammable atmosphere.

Answer 200

Thermal imaging cameras are not intrinsically safe.
Do not use these cameras in potentially flammable atmospheres

Thermal Imaging Cameras Recommended Practice Version 03 - September 2022 page 8

Question 201

Question 217
According to SOGs - A major goal for the IC is to develop an Incident Action Plan for the incident. What is an incident action plan?

Answer 201

An Incident Action Plan (IAP) is the plan developed by the IC that describes, at any one point, how the IC plans to resolve or control the incident.

The IAP usually describes:
* The risk assessment.
* The strategy and objectives, including notes relating to critical factors.
* The incident structure, showing the resources being used or needed.
* The layout of the incident (mud map).
* Any other information relevant to resolve or control, such as incoming
resources.

Every incident, no matter what type, must have an IAP (and only one). It is essential for developing the Common Operating Picture, where those at the incident have a shared and consistent understanding of the incident.

At incidents where FRNSW is not the combat agency, FRNSW may be given a part of an IAP to implement.

SOG 1 Guideline Support Document Version 01 - March 2015 page 31 para 4

Question 202

Question 218
According to SOGs - What are the terms used in an initial radio report, to indicate the size of a structure at a fire incident.

Answer 202

The terms small, medium, large, very large and mega are useful in an initial radio report, to indicate the size of a structure at a fire incident. They are used in conjunction with building type – eg terrace, free-standing house, factory.

The terms are defined in terms of hose lay as follows:
* Small – One hose lay can cover the entire structure.
* Medium – One hose lay can cover 75% of the structure.
* Large – One hose lay will cover 50% of the structure.
* Very large – One hose lay will cover 25% of the structure.
* Mega – One hose lay will cover 10% of the structure.

Hose lay is considered to be 50 metres – ie two 30 metre lengths of hose which includes 10 metres from the entry point.

SOG 1 Guideline Support Document Version 01 - March 2015 page 47

Question 203

Question 219
As stated in SOGs - Example -Initial radio report - The initial radio report (IRR) is sent by the first arriving officer to FireCOM. It time-stamps command, confirms and identifies the IC, and records initial details about the incident. It should be in Conditions, Actions, Needs (CAN) format and should include-

Answer 203

• Confirmation of address
• Conditions: Brief description of the incident; obvious critical factors including hazards.
• Actions: Initial incident action plan (IAP); assumption of command and naming of incident; strategy.
• Needs: Increase of alarm level as per the Alarm Response Protocol (ARP), or, in areas where this does not operate, request for particular resources as per local arrangements (FireCOM will confirm the availability of requested resources).

SOG 1 Guideline Support Document Version 01 - March 2014 page 49

Question 204

Question 220
According to Standing Orders - The Community Activities Reporting System (CARs) is the platform for reporting community activities engaged in at a station level and by our other specialist units. Who is authorised to enter completed activities in CARs.

Answer 204

Any member of the crews participating in the activity can complete the report, provided that they have direct knowledge of the information they are submitting. As with AIRS, only one report is required per activity attended, even where multiple stations were involved

Standing Orders Version 32 - 11 October 2023 page 389 para 3

Question 205

Question 221
According to FRNSW Cyber Security policy - Employees are responsible to protect the information they use and manage as part of their daily job. Employees are expected to complete Cyber Security Awareness Training how often?

Answer 205

Annually
Each employee must complete annual Cyber Security Awareness Training, which will provide the knowledge to help employees fulfil these responsibilities.

Cyber Security Policy Version 02 Final - 25 May 2022 page 6 para 7.1

Question 206

Question 222
According to the Bushfire Hazard reduction procedure - There are two types of broad area prescribed burns. What are they?

Answer 206

There are two types of broad area prescribed burns - simple and complex.
* A ‘simple’ prescribed burn is characterised by low risk, low intensity, small area, low potential impact on assets, completion in one shift and minimal variation of fuel and terrain.
* A ‘complex’ prescribed burn is characterised by moderate to high risk, a range of fire intensity, medium to large areas, significant potential impact on assets and involve a variety of fuels and terrain

Bushfire Hazard Reduction Procedure Version 02 - May 2023 page 3 para 2.1

Question 207

Question 223
According to the Bushfire Hazard reduction procedure - Pile burns may be carried out by FRNSW to dispose of vegetation resulting from what activities?

Answer 207

• removal of bushfire fuels
• bush regeneration/weed removal from authorised activities eg Landcare on behalf of local council
• agricultural activities

Bushfire Hazard Reduction Procedure Version 02 - May 2023 page 4 para 2.3

Question 208

Question 224
According to the Bushfire hazard reduction policy - List occasions when prescribed burning conducted by FRNSW is not permitted in a fire district.

Answer 208

Burning is not permitted in a fire district on days when:
* there is a total fire ban (TOBAN)
* the EPA has issued a No-Burn Notice (unless prior exemption has been granted)
* the Fire Behaviour Index (FBI) is greater than 23**

Bushfire Hazard Reduction Policy Version 03 - May 2023 page 5 para 4.1

Question 209

Question 225
According to CASE STUDY 2023-06 on the Intranet, four firefighters injured by unauthorised equipment - During 2020-2021, four firefighters required treatment in hospital after being injured by unauthorised equipment that had been brought into FRNSW workplaces. What is FRNSWs definition of unauthorised equipment as described in the case study?

Answer 209

Any item which is purchased, introduced, or used within an FRNSW workplace that has not first met the requirements of the Procurement Manual.

This includes equipment which has not been obtained via the Electronic Supply Catalogue (ESCAT) or through an approved Request Purchase Order (RPO)

Case Study 2023-06 Four Firefighters Injured by Unauthorised Equipment Version 01 - April 2023 apge 2

Question 210

Question 226
When conveying sensitive information on an open channel what should be considered as listed in SOGs?

Answer 210

• Don’t send sensitive information across an open channel. Many non-NSWFB people monitor radio transmissions.
• Messages containing details of injuries, fatalities or personal information should be sent by alternative means of communication such as mobile phone, GRN private call facility, or face-to-face.
• Be sensitive to the feelings of non-operational personnel or members of the public who may overhear messages. Ensure that outside speakers on appliances are turned off if sensitive information is being sent e.g. fatalities.

SOG 2.2 Version A issued October 2023 para 2.8 page 3

Question 211

Question 228
According STP - Who must give consent for PIP inspections to be conducted on a premises?

Answer 211

There is no legislated power of entry into a building when conducting a PIP inspection. PIP inspections shall only be conducted with the consent of the building owner or occupier of the
building and in accordance with FRNSW standing orders.

STP-11B Building Inspections Powerpoint Presentation
Standing Orders Version 32 - 11 October 2023 page 143 para 5?

Question 212

Question 229
According to Six Minute Intensive Training-Door entry - What are the door entry techniques that can be used with the Halligan tool?

Answer 212

• Inward Adze Roll technique (left and right hung doors)
• Fork Drive
• Outward Adze (drive and steer)

SMIT - Soor Entry 8 Feb 2023 (https://intranet.nswfire.nsw.gov.au/toolkit/organisation-wide/publications/smits)

Question 213

Question 230
According to Six Minute Intensive Training-Door entry - What are the five steps to forcing a door?

Answer 213

1. Size up - Assess how urgent the situation is. If it is not time critical, consider passive ways of making entry- Through a window, wait for keys etc. Conduct 360 of premises, trying all windows and doors.
2. Gap – Usually starting with the Adze blade, work the tool between the door and door stop or door frame to create a workable gap. A second fire fighter may be required with sledge axe to “strike” Halligan tool to get a start.
3. Set – With a gap established between the door and frame (a wedge may be required), manoeuvre tool to complete the forced entry. This could be the Adze or fork end of the tool, depending on situation.
4. Force- Final action to defeat the lock. Using the mechanical advantage leverage of the tool to complete the spread. Two fire fighters may be required for some doors.
5. Control – Open the door in such a way so as not to have an adverse effect on the situation. Use Adze on Halligan to hook the back of the door to pull closed.

SMIT - Door Entry 8 Feb 2023 (https://intranet.nswfire.nsw.gov.au/toolkit/organisation-wide/publications/smits)

Question 214

Question 231
According to Six Minute Intensive Training - During Firefighting Operations, what does fire attack crew never ignore?

Answer 214

Fire Attack crew never ignores a casualty
Search & Rescue crew never ignores a fire

SMIT - Search and Rescue during Firefighting Operations (https://intranet.nswfire.nsw.gov.au/toolkit/organisation-wide/publications/smits)

Question 215

Question 232
According to Six Minute Intensive Training – Search and rescue during firefighting operations-The objective of a search is to confirm an ALL CLEAR, this is usually broken into what two components?

Answer 215

The Objective is to confirm an ALL CLEAR, this is usually broken into two components:

The Primary Search is rapid and systematic, usually carried out simultaneously with fire attack, if fire conditions and crew response allow.
A Secondary Search is more thorough and methodical, undertaken to confirm casualties have not been missed. The secondary search is often conducted once Fire control has been achieved and at times can be done simultaneously with ventilation.

SMIT - Search and Rescue during Firefighting Operations (https://intranet.nswfire.nsw.gov.au/toolkit/organisation-wide/publications/smits)

Question 216

Question 233
According to SOGs - Describe the terms withdraw and abandon as used by the IC to indicate to crews the urgency required to move from offensive to a defensive strategy.

Answer 216

Withdraw– this indicates that firefighters have enough time to exit the structure or the position they are working in, with all their equipment, in a controlled manner. It is usually given by the IC in response to a tactical CAN report. An example of a message given to a Sector Commander or crew could be: Sector Commander Bravo we are changing strategy to defensive for the entire structure withdraw all crews and report PARS on exit. If there is more than one sector then this would be conveyed to all sectors.

Abandon – this indicates that there is an immediate threat to firefighter lives and the firefighters must exit the structure or position they are working in immediately and only bring equipment with them if it will not compromise their safety. This could be that a fire has rapidly escalated, wall collapse is imminent, or a trench is about to collapse. An example of a message is: All sectors roof collapse imminent we are going to a defensive strategy abandon your positions and report if you do not have a PAR. The term abandon should be the exception rather than the rule.

SOG 1 Guideline Support Document Version 01 - March 2015 page 47

Question 217

Question 234
As stated in Six Minute Intensive Training – Search and rescue during firefighting operations - What signs would indicate it’s time to withdraw?

Answer 217

• Worsening fire/smoke conditions
• Signs of structural collapse (see STP 33Z)
• Previously unknown hazards e.g. Acetylene
• Emergency Radio Message signaling:
  a. Loss of PAR
  b. change to a Defensive Strategy via an order from the I.C. to Withdraw or Abandon

SMIT - Search and Rescue during Firefighting Operations (https://intranet.nswfire.nsw.gov.au/toolkit/organisation-wide/publications/smits)

Question 218

Question 235
According to Safety Bulletin 2023-03 TIC lanyard entanglement risk - If the TIC needs to be handed between members of firefighting or search and rescue teams what is the safest method to pass to the front firefighter?

Answer 218

Around the side of the body of the front firefighter and not over the shoulder

Safety Bulletin 2023-03 Thermal Imaging Camera - Lanyard Entaglement Risk Version 01 - 30 March 2023

Question 219

Question 236
According to Six Minute Intensive Training, what is the purpose of placing an appliance in the fend off position?

Answer 219

It uses the appliances bulk and visibility to form a physical barrier protecting FRNSW personnel, other emergency services and patients from oncoming traffic.

.
White Reader Volume 2 Glossary:
A position that NSWFB vehicles should be placed in on arrival at an accident scene i.e.
at an angle of 30°

SMIT - Working Safely on Roads (https://intranet.nswfire.nsw.gov.au/toolkit/organisation-wide/publications/smits)

Question 220

Question 237
According to the SIMS worksheet - Warning gear is used to mark off incidents sites and warn the public that FRNSW operations are nearby. As listed on the worksheet list three forms of warning gear.

Answer 220

• Eflare or strobe kit
• Hazard Ahead sign
• Barrier and hazmat Hot Zone tape
• Witch’s hats
• Breakdown road triangles

SIMS - Warning Gear (https://intranet.nswfire.nsw.gov.au/toolkit/operational/equipment/station-inventory-management-system/sims-equipment-worksheets)

Question 221

Question 238
According to the SIMS Worksheet - All extinguishers are inspected and serviced by who and at what timeframes?

Answer 221

All extinguishers are inspected and serviced by a competent person six monthly, annually and five years (AS1851). Ensure this service has been undertaken and report any deficiencies to the Station Commander.

SIMS - Extinguishers including fire blankets (https://intranet.nswfire.nsw.gov.au/toolkit/operational/equipment/station-inventory-management-system/sims-equipment-worksheets)

Question 222

Question 239
According to STP - What removal technique provides a time efficient technique that removes an unconscious or decreased level of consciousness firefighter from their equipment providing access for assessment and further medical intervention?

Answer 222

Mayday Drag

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Question 223

Question 240
According to SOGs when responded to a Community First Responder incident and the patient refuses care. What should you do?

Answer 223

• If care is refused, observe the patient until the ambulance arrives.
• Assume an unconscious patient wants assistance.
• If a patient previously refusing treatment loses consciousness, treat them.

SOG 12.1 FRN13/6820 Version 01 - February 2015 page 2 para 8

Question 224

Question 242
According to Recommended practice - To ensure visibility, firefighters must always wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) when working on roadways. List the PPE that can be used.

Answer 224

• Structural firefighting coat
• Multi-purpose coat
• High visibility vest
• High visibility raincoat
• Dutywear trousers
• Structural firefighting trousers

Recommended Practice Personal Protective Clothing, Equipment and Uniform Version 3.2 - October 2021 para 6.3

Question 225

Question 243
According to SOGs - Occasionally, FRNSW personnel may have to prepare a helicopter landing site. List the points to be considered when doing this.

Answer 225

**5.5 Landing Sites **
Occasionally, NSWFB personnel may have to prepare a helicopter landing site. When this is necessary, the following points must be observed
* Positing the landing site in an area 30m x 30m minimum, on solid, level ground away from power lines or wires, and clear of trees or similar obstances
* Mark the corners of the landing site by placing a firefighter at each corner and cordon off to prevent unauthroised entry. Do not use tape or loose materials
* Clear all loose debris from the area e.g. paper bags, cigarette cartons, aluminium cans etc, and secure all NSWFB equipment near the landing site
* In dry, dusty conditions, the landing site may require wetting down to maintain visibility during landing and take off.
* During night landings, place a strobe light and two vehicles with beacons flashing facing into the wind and facing inwards at 45 degrees to the approach line with their headlights on. Ensure that strobe light is turned off once the helicopter has identified or flown over the landing site.
Caution Do not face lights into the aircraft approach path. the light may diffuse on the windscreen and blind the pilot.

SOG 15.2 Version A issued February 2004 page 7 para 5.5

Question 226

Question 244
According to SOGs - Structure Fires in Rural Fire Districts- Where FRNSW is requested to assist the NSW RFS at a structure fire in a rural Fire District who will be the Incident Controller?

Answer 226

Where the NSWFB is requested to assist the RFS at a structure fire in a rural fire district, the senior officer from teh NSW RFS present at the fire will be the incident controller.

SOG No. 1.11 Version A issued February 1998 - Guideline 11 Page 1 para 11.4.1

Question 227

Question 245
According to Recommended practice, list four safety precautions when using extension ladders.

Answer 227

Para 3.1.1
* The maximum number of persons permitted on the ladder at any time is two.
* Exercise care when ascending and descending ladders.
* Firefighters climbing the ladder must ensure they have 3 points of contact on the ladder. A point of contact is either a hand holding a rung, or a foot firmly placed on a rung.
* An firefighter must always foot the ladder by standing on the anti-slip feet and holding either the rungs or the handles when anybody is on the ladder.
* Maintain a working angle of 4:1. For every 4 metres the head of the ladder extends up the wall, the base of the ladder must be a metre from the wall. If the head extends 8 metres up the wall, the base must be 2 metres from the wall, etc.

Para 3.1.2
* Take extreme care when working near electrical hazards such as overhead power lines. Keep all people and objects in contact with people, a safe distance from the live electrical apparatus. Maintain a minimum safe work distance of 8 metres if you are unsure of voltage. Maintain constant vigilance. Increase the safe working distance to 25 metres if there is a fire under or near a high voltage power line, due to risk of arcing

Ladders - Fire and Rescue extension ladders Recommended Practice Version 02 - March 2018 page 3 para 3.1.1 and 3.1.2

Question 228

Question 246
According to SOGs - When must Level 1 or Level 2 Rehabilitation be considered?

Answer 228

There are two levels of incident ground rehabilitation:

Level 1 Rehab - recommended for small incidents not requiring the response of a specialist incident ground rehabilitation capability. Level 1 Rehab uses equipment carried on front line firefighting appliances. Generally, the Incident Controller (IC) manages Level 1 Rehab.

Level 2 Rehab - recommended for:
* long duration incidents;
* in circumstances where crew rotation is limited;
* hot and dry, or cold and wet conditions;
* where working conditions are arduous;
* where breathing apparatus usage and rotation is high; or
* where conditions are such that specialist incident ground rehabilitation capabilities are required.

Generally, the IC appoints a dedicated Rehabilitation Officer for these incidents.

SOG 18.3 Version 02 - April 2010 page 1 para 3

Question 229

Question 247
According to SOGs - What two items do FRNSW use that lays out safe working practices to manage the safety of firefighters at incidents?

Answer 229

Training and doctrine both play an important role introducing and maintaining safe working practices for firefighters. These are ways of working that have been proven by research and experience to minimise the risk of harm to people.

Examples of safe working practices:
Firefighters
* Wearing SCBA in a hazardous atmosphere.
* Working in pairs.
* Siting appliances in the fend off position on roadways.

Commanders
* Basing the Incident Action Plan on critical factors.
* Maintaining an effective communications plan.
* Ensuring a complete handover with other commanders.

SOG 1.9 Guideline Support Document FRN15/2599 Version 01 - January 2018 page 8

Question 230

Question 248
According to SOGs - There are many aspects to ensuring safety at an incident, from the IC implementing the correct strategy, down to the firefighters wearing the right PPE for their assigned tasks. Incident safety can therefore be described in terms of what three levels?

Answer 230

Individual Task Level
Work safely to implement tactics:
* Behave in a manner that enables you to be accounted for and know who is responsible for you (no freelancing)
* Know the current incident phase and strategy
* Report injuries, illness or near misses as soon as practical through your chain of command
* Recognise and communicate hazards to others affected and to commander
* Follow commands, control measures and relevant safe working practices (eg wear PPE correctly)

Commanders Tactical Level
Organise and deploy resources safely to meet IAP objectives:
* Understand and follow the IAP and other systems in place for safety (eg supervise crew recycling)
* Idenfiy hazards and control measures in your area of operations, and regularly review their effectiveness through CAN reports, observations etc
* Communcate information about hazards and control meausres up, down and across the command structure
* Be able to account for all resources allocated to you, and provide personnel accountability reports (PARs) when requrested
* Appoint one or more Safety Officers if required

Incident Commanders Strategic Level
Implement and maintain systems of work for safety and mon itor the impact of hazards outside the incident:
* Choose an incident strategy based on the incident phase and critical factors and ensure everyone remains aware of this strategy
* Implement systems for safety including the Incident Management System and communication plan, and monitor their effectiveness
* Ensure that hazards and control measures are being effexctively communicated to firefighters and others at the incident
* Continually review safety at the incident through the command structure.
* Look beyond the task and tactical levels to impacts on safety from outside the incident
* Appoint one or more Safety Officers if required
* When transferring command and terminating the incident, ensure that hazards and control measures are communicated to others at risk

SOG 1.9 Version 01, January 2018, FRN15/2599 Page 3

Question 231

Question 249
Describe the term Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL).

Answer 231

The short term exposure (STEL) is the maximun concentration of a substance to which a worker may be exposed for no more than 15 minutes, 4 times a day over an 8 hour day with 60 minutes between exposures.

This concentration is safe for a 15 min exposure period (4 such exposures are permitted per day if they are separated by 1 hr intervals, and the overall TWA exposure is not exceeded for that day).

Glossary
White Reader Volume 2 Version A issued December 1996 Topic 7 Section 3 page 21

Question 232

Question 250
According to SOGs - What safety related worksheet is used as method of documenting hazards or risks and control measures at an incident?

Answer 232

Incident Safety Worksheet

SOG 1.9 Guideline Support Document Version 01, January 2018, FRN152/2599 Page 21