PRE LIMS Flashcards
A union of two individuals that is mutually
agreed to become one
➢ Or a form of relationship wherein two
persons become one
▪ The act must be open to life and towards
procreation
▪ The purpose is to procreate; procreation
UNITIVE
To create and produce another life
➢ Intention of reproduction
➢ Should be in a legal form – there should
be sanctity of marriage, legally as one
Procreative
WHAT CONSIDERED NOT UNITIVE AND PROCREATIVE
surrogacy is not considered unitive
and procreative – because there are
more than two individuals
▪ Using contraceptives is also not
considered unitive and procreative
FUNCTION OF REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
- To produce gametes: sperm and egg cells
- To store and transport these reproductive
cells - To nurture offspring as it develops
- To produce hormones
➢ E.g. Estradiol – predominant form of
estrogen in males
➢ E.g. females can also produce
testosterone
predominant form of
estrogen in males
ESTRADIOL
SURROUNDS THE OPENING, CUSHION AND PROTECT THE VAGINAL OPENING
LABIA MAJORA
INTERBAL COVERED WITH MUCOUS MEMBRANE, SEBACEOUS GLAND, PRODUCE SEBUM HELPS LUBRICANT
LABIA MINORA
MUCUS SECRETING GLAND WITH PLAYS A ROLE IN VAGINAL LUBRICATION
Bartholin’s Gland
space between anus
and vagina
➢ For episiotomy – to help expel the
fetal head
PERINEUM
-exit point during child birth,
- entry point of penis during sexual
intercourse,
- and where the blood flows during
menstruation
VAGINAL OPENING
menses, have blood
flow through the vagina
MENSTRUAL PERIOD
the entire cycle,
average 28 dayS
MENSTRUAL CYCLE
passageway for eggs from the ovaries to
the uterus
▪ provides the site for fertilization by the
sperm
OVIDUCT/ Fallopian Tube
connects uterus to the
initial part of the fallopian tube
Interstitial (8%)
How many percent of fertilization in Isthmus
12%
(80%) where fertilization
occur, where sperm and egg cells meet
AMPULLA
Where a fertilized egg implants and grows
into a fetus during pregnancy
UTERUS
allows menstrual blood to flow from the
uterus
▪ serve as a pathway for sperm to enter the
uterus
CERVIX
Produces egg (ova) and female sex
hormones like estrogen and progesterone
OVARY
Shallow upper baisin of the pelvis
▪ Supports the enlarging uterus but not
important obstetrically
FALSE PELVIS
- Consists of the pelvic inlet, pelvic
cavity, and pelvic outlet
▪ Bony canal through which the infant
pass
▪ Measurements of true pelvis influence
the conduct and progress of labor and
delivery
TRUE PELVIS
IDEAL FOR NORMAL SPONTAENOUS DELIVERY
- ROUND
GYNECOID
Flat, wide, shallow; least common
pelvic shape
- NEED FORCEP
- Transverse Oval
PLATYPELLOID
Male pelvis,
▪ Smaller pelvic cavity: cannot do
normal spontaenous delivery
▪ Caesarian section is needed
- HEART
ANDROID
▪ Elongated, oblong laterally
▪ Mag-iiba yung position ng baby due to
too much space to move (bridge
presentation)
- ANTEROPOSTERIOR OVAL
ANTHROPOID
Oval organs about the size of very large
olives that lie in the scrotum, secured at
either end by a structure called the
spermatic cord.
▪ Responsible for making testosterone.
TESTICLES
-Used for both for the elimination of urine
and release/delivery of sperm for sexual
reproduction
PENIS
Rugated, skincovered, muscular pouch
suspended from the perineum
▪ Supports the testes to help regulate the
temperature of the sperm
SCROTUM
most sensitive part;
equivalent to clitoris in females
GLANS PENIS
Carries sperm from the testes to the urethra
during ejaculation
VAS DEFERENS
- Sac-like pouches that attach to the vas
deferens near the base of the bladder;
▪ Produces seminal fluid that helps
production of semen;
SEMINAL VESICLES
- Long coiled tube that rests on the backside
of each testicle
▪ Carries and stores sperm cells that are
created in the testes
EPIDIDYMIS
Are formed by the fusion of the vas
deferens and seminal vesicles
▪ The ejaculatory ducts empty into urethra
EJACULATORY DUCT
Produces fluid that mixes with sperm to
form semen, nourishing and protecting the
sperm
PROSTATE
Passageway for both urine and semen
when exiting the body
URETHRA
ESTROGEN IN MALE
Estradiol: a
predominant
form of estrogen
- Modulating
libido, erectile
function, and
spermatogensis
PROGESTERONE IN MALE
Produced by
adrenal glands,
-Sperm
development
ESTROGEN IN FEMALE
Triggered at
puberty by FSH,
ovarian follicle
will excrete high
level of estrogen
-Development of
uterurs, fallopian
tube, vagina
- Fat distribution,
hair patterns,
-Breast
development
-Close epiphysis
ANDROGEN IN MALE
Produced by
adrenal cortex
and testes
- Changes
testes, scrotum,
penis, prostate,
seminal vesicle
- Appearance
of pubic, axillary
and facial hair
- Voice change
- Maturation of
spermatozoa
- Closure of
growth plates of
long bone
PROGESTERONE IN FEMALE
Prepares the
endometrium for
a fertilized egg
to implant and
grow
- Provides
nutrient to the
developing
embryo during
pregnancy
ANDROGEN IN FEMALE
Produced by
adrenal cortex
and ovaries
- Enlargement of
Labia Majora,
Clitoris
- Formation of
axillary and
pubic hair
ROLE OF ANDROGEN IN BOTH SEXES
Muscular development, physical growth,
and increase in sebaceous gland secretion
which causes acne in adolescents
▪ The level of primary androgenic hormone,
testosterone one, is low until puberty (12-
14)
HYPOTHALAMUS
The release/production of gonadotropin
releasing hormones (GnRH) by the
hypothalamus initiates the START of the
menstrual cycle.
▪ GnRH will then stimulate the Pituitary Gland
PITUITARY GLAND
Anterior Pituitary Gland will produce the
gonadotropic hormones: FSH and LH
▪ FSH is responsible for maturation of the
ovum
- ▪ LH is responsible for ovulation – the release
of mature egg cell from the ovary
OVARIES
FSH will then activate the oocytes in the
ovaries to GROW and MATURE
▪ That oocyte will turn into a graafian follicle,
that carries an immature egg cell
▪ FSH will also stimulate ovaries and produce
estrogen that will help the immature egg
cell to become mature
▪ Mature cell will then be released to
graafian follicle – will transform to Corpus
Luteum
CORPUS LUTEUM
responsible for production
of estrogen and progesterone
UTERUS
The uterus is then prepared for impending
implantation and fertilization
▪ By thickening of the functional layer of
uterus which is the endometrium or stratum
functionales
OVARIAN CYCLE: Ovulation Phase
Day 15 – 19
▪ Mature egg is released from the ovary
▪ Ready for potential fertilization
OVARIAN CYCLE: MENSTRUATION
Day 1 – 5
▪ Lining of the uterusis shed,
▪ Resulting in the release of blood and tissue
from the body through the vagina
OVARIAN CYCLE: FOLLICULAR
Day 6 –14
▪ Pituitary glands release hormones that
stimulate the growth and development of
ovarian follicles
OVARIAN CYCLE: LUTEAL PHASE
Day 20 – 28
▪ Empty ovarian follicle becomes the corpus
luteum,
▪ Producing hormones that prepare the
uterus for possible embryo implantation
UTERINE CYCLE:
1. Proliferative
Immmediately after a menstrual flow (after
4-5 days)
▪ Thickness of the endometrium increases
▪ Day 5-14; kasabay ng follicular phase?
