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HEMATOLOGY 1 > PRE LIM COVERAGE HEMA1 > Flashcards

PRE LIM COVERAGE HEMA1 Flashcards

1
Q

liters of blood in the body

A

5 liters/ 5,000 ml

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2
Q

functions of blood

A

blood transport, clears tissues, trans
port, moves wastes

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3
Q

the liquid portion of blood is called as

A

plasma/ components (provides coagulation enzymes)

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4
Q

3 categories of blood cell

A

RBC or erythrocytes, WBC or leukocytes, platelets or thrombocytes

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5
Q

hematology and all

A

study of blood in health and in pathologic condition/ haima blood and logos study of

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6
Q

eccentricity

A

measures how much cell deviates from being central (sickle shape)

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7
Q

athanasius kircher

anton van leeuwenhoek

guilio bizzozero

james homer wright

paul herlich

william hewson

A

described worms in the blood

father of microbiology

described platelets

stain

classified leukocytes

father of hematology

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8
Q

Morphology

A

cell appearance such as color, size,

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9
Q

Megakaryocyte

A

origin of platelets

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10
Q

Thrombopoiesis

A

generation of
megakaryocytes shedding into
thousands of platelets.

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11
Q
A
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12
Q

FUNCTIONS OF BLOOD

A
  • Respiration/ transport - Nutrition
  • Excretion
  • Homeostasis (the normal balance of your
    body)and Body Protection
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13
Q

CHARACTERISTICS OF BLOOD

A

Fluid in vivo (in the body

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14
Q

Slightly alkaline

A

[pH 7.35- 7.45]

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15
Q

Specific Gravity

A

[1.045- 1.065]

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16
Q

COMPOSITIONOF BLOOD

A

liquid and solid

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17
Q

COMPOSITIONOF BLOOD ( liquid)

A

Plasma,Serum

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18
Q

COMPOSITIONOF BLOOD ( solid)

A

rbc,wbc,granulocytes,agranulocytes

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19
Q

rbc, wbc, platelets normal values

A

3.8 – 6.0 x10^12/L (M/mL) – normal values
3.6-10.6 X 10^9 L (T/mL)- normal values
150-450 X 10^9/L (T/ML)- normal values

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20
Q

Granulocytes

A

BEN

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21
Q

Agranulocytes

A

LM

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22
Q

IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF WBC

A

benlm

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23
Q

PRIMARY SERVICES OFFERED BY
HEMATOLOGY AND HEMOSTASIS LAB

A

Specimen collection and preparation for
examination
- Quantitative manual and instrumental
measurements of cells
- Measurements of cell volumes
- Evaluation of cellular contents and
components
- Cellular identification
- Identification of reactive or neoplastic [can
be cancerous] alterations of cell populations
- Evaluation of leukocytes, erythrocytes and
platelet function
- Evaluation of cellular development and
formation (Bone Marrow)
- Evaluation of the hemostatic function

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24
Q

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

A

1996 – Standard Precautions is now used – encompasses UP (Universal Precautions) and BSI (Body
Substance Isolation)

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25
Q

Potentially Infectious Materials

A
  • Blood, Semen, All Body Fluids (Identified or Unidentified), Microhematocrit Clay, Unfixed Slides
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26
Q

Occupational Hazards

A

Biological, Fire, Chemical, Electrical, Mechanical

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27
Q

BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS

A

Regardless of source, all body fluids are considered infectious and biohazard

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28
Q

OSHA Standards

A

Handwashing
- Personal Protective Clothing and Equipment
- Decontamination of work surfaces, equipment and spills

29
Q

FIRE HAZARDS

A

Improper use or storage of cryogenic

30
Q

3 levels of control

A

accuracy, precession, delta cheeks

31
Q

linearity

A

closenes to the true actual value

32
Q

reliability

A

closeness of the result that abstained repeated analysis

33
Q

reference interval

A

ranges of values of analyte to a healthy individuals

34
Q

diagnostic sensitivity

A

proportion pxs w/ disease with a positive result

35
Q

diagnostic specificity

A

proportion pxs identified correctly by the test w/o disease

36
Q

systematic error

A

errors within test system or method

37
Q

CHEMICAL HAZARDS

A

Occupational exposure to hazardous chemicals in the laboratory

38
Q

Degree of Hazard:

A

4 – Extreme Hazard
3 – Serious Hazard
2 – Moderate Hazard
1 – Slight Hazard
0 – No/Minimal Hazard

39
Q

ELECTRICAL HAZARDS

A
  • Electrical shock, burns, fire, or explosion
40
Q

MECHANICAL HAZARDS

A

Improper use, storage, or disposal of glassware, sharp instruments, compressed gases, or equipment

41
Q

PREANALYTICAL ERRORS

A
  • Specimen obtain from patient
  • Specimen procured at the wrong time
  • Specimen collected in the wrong tube
  • Blood specimen collected in the wrong order
  • Incorrect labelling
  • Improper processing of specimen
42
Q

ANALYTICAL ERRORS

A
  • Oversight of flagging
  • Out of control Quality Control results
  • Wrong assay performed
43
Q

POSTANALYTICAL ERRORS

A

Verbal of reporting the results
lab info system incompatibility error
confusion of ref ranges
failure to report critical values ASAP

44
Q

INTERNAL QUALITY CONTROL

A

actual running of control by the staff (internal to the lab)
est. a new ref interval (no existing analyte or methodology)
verifying a ref interval (transference)

45
Q

external quality control

A

neqas- national external quality assessment scheme

46
Q

quality control

A

procedure
evaluate and monitor
cxs of testing system
accurate and precision

47
Q

NFPA diamond hazard symbols

A

yellow instability h
red fire or flashpoint h
blue health h
white special h

48
Q

QUALITY ASSURANCE

A
  • Coordinate effort to organize laboratory activities
  • Provide best service to patient and doctor
    Control and Monitor:
  • Staff competence
  • Material, methods (SOP – Standard Operating Procedure Manual – needs to be updated)
  • Reporting of results
  • Patient and doctor satisfaction
  • Financial costs
49
Q

CONTROL

A
  • Same matrix as patient sample
  • Predetermined assay value (Normal, Low, High)
50
Q

PRIMARY STANDARD

A

Calibrate instrument
- Fixed and known composition

51
Q

SECONDARY STANDARD

A

Analyte concentration ascertained by reference to a 1* standard

52
Q

CALIBRATOR

A
  • Preserved human or surrogate cell suspension
  • Determined hemorrhagic parameters
53
Q

cbc

A
  • Foundation procedures
  • Disorders
  • Abnormalities in RBCs, WBCs, and Platelets
54
Q

cbc test

A

A. Hemoglobin
B. Hematocrit
C. Red Blood Cell Count with Morphology
D. White Blood Cell Count with Differential Count
E. Platelet Estimate
F. Red Blood Cell Indices

55
Q

Techniques in Performing Complete Blood Count:

A

disadvantages and advantages

56
Q

HEMOGLOBIN

A

estimated by: (3)
decting and assesing: (1)
principle/ gold standard:(2)
manual reagent:
drabkins solution:

57
Q

HEMOGLOBIN ref values

A

ad,af,i,nb

58
Q

HEMATOCRIT

A

Method
Measured
reference method
calculation:

59
Q

HEMATOCRIT ref values

60
Q

RED CELL INDICES

A

Morphologic classification
used
calculated

61
Q

3 indices

A

mcv,mch,mchc

62
Q

mcv,mch,mchc

A

fermtoliter,pictogram,g/dl

63
Q

LEUKOCYTE DIFFERENTIAL COUNT

A

Relative (Percentages)
Multiply the relative number of WBCs by the Total WBC count per L

64
Q

RETICULOCYTE COUNT

A

Juvenile Red Blood Cells
manual stain:
relative count:
absolute count:

65
Q

ERYTHROCYTE SEDIMENTATION RATE (ESR)

A

Measure of degree of settling of RBC in plasma
2 Methods:
test
normal values

HEMATOLOGY 1 (3 decks)

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