Pre lecture Quizzes Exam #1 Flashcards
During the removal of macromolecules from the cell, ________ reactions occur. However, during their synthesis (creation) _______ reactions occur.
hydrolysis; dehydration
The DNA from a new organism was analyzed and it was found that the thymidine nucleobases make up 28% of the total. Therefore, a biologist automatically knows that _____% of the nucleobases are adenine.
28%
What is the name of the chemical linkage between the nucleotides in RNA and DNA?
a phosphodiester bond
If radioactive uracil is added to cells, what macromolecules will be labeled?
RNA
A nucleotide contains all of the following EXCEPT:
Amino Acid
When amino acids polymerize to form a protein:
a covalent bond forms between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxylic acid of a second
___________ (use the three letter abbreviation) is one example of a polar amino acid.
Thr
Which of the following nucleobases would not be found in RNA?
Thymidine
What component of amino acid structure varies among different amino acids?
the components of the R-group
The chemical linkage between two amino acids is known as a:
peptide bond
The alpha helix and beta sheet are examples of the ____________ level of protein structure.
Secondary
_____________ reactions occur in the cell when peptide bonds are created between amino acids.
dehydration
You isolate a new protein and you find out that there are four polypeptide chains in its functional structure. What is the highest level of protein structure that it possesses?
Quaternary
Which level of structure does EVERY protein possess?
primary
At physiological pH, how many charged groups would be found on Aspartic Acid (one of the 20 amino acids)?
One positive charge on the amino group, one negative charge on the carboxyllic acid group, and one negative charge on the side chain (R group)
Which of the following statements about the genetic code is FALSE?
All combinations of 3 bases in mRNA encode for an amino acid
In the process of transcription,
one strand of DNA is being read
According to the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology, [1] -> [2] -> Protein
DNA–> RNA–>Protein
Which of the following best describes the significance of a promoter during transcription?
It is the binding site for transcription factors that help with the initiation of transcription
Which of the following statements best describes the termination of transcription in prokaryotes?
RNA polymerase transcribes to the terminator sequence which causes the polymerase to separate from the DNA and release the mRNA transcript
A neuron and a liver cell both contain the gene for the dopamine transporter, yet the protein is only found in neurons. The main reason for this is:
Only the neurons have the correct activators for the dopamine transporter gene
Which sequence in a gene would a general transcription factor bind to?
A promoter
All of the following proteins involved in eukaryotic gene expression bind directly to DNA EXCEPT:
Mediator proteins
During transcription, which of the following steps is not observed?
RNA polymerase reads the template strand in the 5’ to 3’ direction
Repressors for eukaryotic genes typically bind to sequences known as ___________.
Silencers
