Pre lecture Quizzes Exam #1

Question 1

During the removal of macromolecules from the cell, ________ reactions occur. However, during their synthesis (creation) _______ reactions occur.

Answer 1

hydrolysis; dehydration

Question 2

The DNA from a new organism was analyzed and it was found that the thymidine nucleobases make up 28% of the total. Therefore, a biologist automatically knows that _____% of the nucleobases are adenine.

Answer 2

28%

Question 3

What is the name of the chemical linkage between the nucleotides in RNA and DNA?

Answer 3

a phosphodiester bond

Question 4

If radioactive uracil is added to cells, what macromolecules will be labeled?

Answer 4

RNA

Question 5

A nucleotide contains all of the following EXCEPT:

Answer 5

Amino Acid

Question 6

When amino acids polymerize to form a protein:

Answer 6

a covalent bond forms between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxylic acid of a second

Question 7

___________ (use the three letter abbreviation) is one example of a polar amino acid.

Answer 7

Thr

Question 8

Which of the following nucleobases would not be found in RNA?

Answer 8

Thymidine

Question 9

What component of amino acid structure varies among different amino acids?

Answer 9

the components of the R-group

Question 10

The chemical linkage between two amino acids is known as a:

Answer 10

peptide bond

Question 11

The alpha helix and beta sheet are examples of the ____________ level of protein structure.

Answer 11

Secondary

Question 12

_____________ reactions occur in the cell when peptide bonds are created between amino acids.

Answer 12

dehydration

Question 13

You isolate a new protein and you find out that there are four polypeptide chains in its functional structure. What is the highest level of protein structure that it possesses?

Answer 13

Quaternary

Question 14

Which level of structure does EVERY protein possess?

Answer 14

primary

Question 15

At physiological pH, how many charged groups would be found on Aspartic Acid (one of the 20 amino acids)?

Answer 15

One positive charge on the amino group, one negative charge on the carboxyllic acid group, and one negative charge on the side chain (R group)

Question 16

Which of the following statements about the genetic code is FALSE?

Answer 16

All combinations of 3 bases in mRNA encode for an amino acid

Question 17

In the process of transcription,

Answer 17

one strand of DNA is being read

Question 18

According to the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology, [1] -> [2] -> Protein

Answer 18

DNA–> RNA–>Protein

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the significance of a promoter during transcription?

Answer 19

It is the binding site for transcription factors that help with the initiation of transcription

Question 20

Which of the following statements best describes the termination of transcription in prokaryotes?

Answer 20

RNA polymerase transcribes to the terminator sequence which causes the polymerase to separate from the DNA and release the mRNA transcript

Question 21

A neuron and a liver cell both contain the gene for the dopamine transporter, yet the protein is only found in neurons. The main reason for this is:

Answer 21

Only the neurons have the correct activators for the dopamine transporter gene

Question 22

Which sequence in a gene would a general transcription factor bind to?

Answer 22

A promoter

Question 23

All of the following proteins involved in eukaryotic gene expression bind directly to DNA EXCEPT:

Answer 23

Mediator proteins

Question 24

During transcription, which of the following steps is not observed?

Answer 24

RNA polymerase reads the template strand in the 5’ to 3’ direction

Question 25

Repressors for eukaryotic genes typically bind to sequences known as ___________.

Answer 25

Silencers